The Role of Movement Synchronization with an Auditory Signal in Producing Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7036 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A Bornschlegl ◽  
Manfred Fahle ◽  
Gordon M Redding
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Movement Synchronization

A Potential Role of Auditory Induced Modulations in Primary Visual Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Functional Modulation

A biologically relevant event is normally the source of multiple, typically correlated, sensory inputs. To optimize perception of the outer world, our brain combines the independent sensory measurements into a coherent estimate. However, if sensory information is not readily available for every pertinent sense, the brain tries to acquire additional information via covert/overt orienting behaviors or uses internal knowledge to modulate sensory sensitivity based on prior expectations. Cross-modal functional modulation of low-level auditory areas due to visual input has been often described; however, less is known about auditory modulations of primary visual cortex. Here, based on some recent evidence, we propose that an unexpected auditory signal could trigger a reflexive overt orienting response towards its source and concomitantly increase the primary visual cortex sensitivity at the locations where the object is expected to enter the visual field. To this end, we propose that three major functionally specific pathways are employed in parallel. A stream orchestrated by the superior colliculus is responsible for the overt orienting behavior, while direct and indirect (via higher-level areas) projections from A1 to V1 respectively enhance spatiotemporal sensitivity and facilitate object detectability.

scholarly journals Identification of Visual Stimuli is Improved by Accompanying Auditory Stimuli: The Role of Eye Movements and Sound Location

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3126 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C Doyle ◽  
Robert J Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Auditory Signals

Can auditory signals influence the processing of visual information? The present study examined the effects of simple auditory signals (clicks and noise bursts) whose onset was simultaneous with that of the visual target, but which provided no information about the target. It was found that such a signal enhances performance in the visual task: the accessory sound reduced response times for target identification with no cost to accuracy. The spatial location of the sound (whether central to the display or at the target location) did not modify this facilitation. Furthermore, the same pattern of facilitation was evident whether the observer fixated centrally or moved their eyes to the target. The results were not altered by changes in the contrast (and therefore visibility) of the visual stimulus or by the perceived utility of the spatial location of the sound. We speculate that the auditory signal may promote attentional ‘disengagement’ and that, as a result, observers are able to process the visual target sooner when sound accompanies the display relative to when visual information is presented alone.

scholarly journals The role of acceleration information in prism adaptation

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea McCarter ◽  
H. H. Mikaelian
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation

scholarly journals The Role of FoxG1 in the Inner Ear

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Ding ◽  
Wei Meng ◽  
Weijia Kong ◽  
Zuhong He ◽  
Renjie Chai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Inner Ear Development ◽  
Ototoxic Drugs ◽  
And Function

Sensorineural deafness is mainly caused by damage to the tissues of the inner ear, and hearing impairment has become an increasingly serious global health problem. When the inner ear is abnormally developed or is damaged by inflammation, ototoxic drugs, or blood supply disorders, auditory signal transmission is inhibited resulting in hearing loss. Forkhead box G1 (FoxG1) is an important nuclear transcriptional regulator, which is related to the differentiation, proliferation, development, and survival of cells in the brain, telencephalon, inner ear, and other tissues. Previous studies have shown that when FoxG1 is abnormally expressed, the development and function of inner ear hair cells is impaired. This review discusses the role and regulatory mechanism of FoxG1 in inner ear tissue from various aspects – such as the effect on inner ear development, the maintenance of inner ear structure and function, and its role in the inner ear when subjected to various stimulations or injuries – in order to explain the potential significance of FoxG1 as a new target for the treatment of hearing loss.

The Possible Role of Eye-Muscle Potentiation in Several Forms of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Ebenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Muscle Potentiation

It is possible to explain a number of observations of visual adaptation to optical rearrangement and other visual effects as examples of the ‘Kohnstamm phenomenon’. This is the tendency for a stressed muscle to remain innervated for a period of time after cessation of the voluntary signal to relax. When this phenomenon operates with respect to eye muscles, it may be referred to as ‘eye-muscle potentiation’. Several studies and their results are presented that demonstrate eye-muscle potentiation effects on apparent visual distance. The implications of these studies for prism adaptation are discussed.

Privileged Access by Irrelevant Speech to Short-term Memory: The Role of Changing State

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Jones ◽  
Clare Madden ◽  
Chris Miles
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Irrelevant Speech ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Store ◽  
Effect Experiment

Memory for visually presented items is impaired by speech that is played as an irrelevant background. The paper presents the view that changing state of the auditory material is an important prerequisite for this disruption. Four experiments studied the effects of sounds varying in complexity in an attempt to establish which features of changing state in the auditory signal lead to diminished recall. Simple unvarying or repetitive speech sounds were not sufficient to induce the irrelevant speech effect (Experiment 1): in addition, simple analogues of speech, possessing regular or irregular envelopes and using a range of carriers, failed to imitate the action of speech (Experiment 2). Variability of between-utterance phonology in the irrelevant stream (Experiment 3) emerged as a crucial factor. Moreover, predictability of the syllable sequence did not reduce the degree of disruption (Experiment 4) suggesting that supra-syllabic characteristics of the speech are of little importance. The results broadly support the idea that disruption of short-term memory only occurs when the speech stream changes in state. It is argued that disruption occurs in memory when cues to serial order based on phonological representations of heard material interfere with the phonological codes of visual origin. It is suggested that cues to changing state of the speech input contaminate those associated with items of visual origin, which are already in a phonological store.

scholarly journals Anatomical predictors of successful prism adaptation in chronic visual neglect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Lunven ◽  
Gilles Rode ◽  
Clémence Bourlon ◽  
Christophe Duret ◽  
Raffaella Migliaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Neglect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractVisual neglect is a frequent and disabling consequence of right hemisphere damage. Previous work demonstrated a probable role of posterior callosal dysfunction in the chronic persistence of neglect signs. Prism adaptation is a non-invasive and convenient technique to rehabilitate chronic visual neglect, but it is not effective in all patients. Here we aimed to assess the hypothesis that prism adaptation improves left neglect by facilitating compensation through the contribution of the left, undamaged hemisphere. We assessed the relationship between prism adaptation effects, cortical thickness and white matter integrity in a group of 14 patients with unilateral right-hemisphere strokes and chronic visual neglect. Results showed that patients who benefitted from prism adaptation had thicker cortex in temporo-parietal, prefrontal and cingulate areas of the left, undamaged hemisphere. Additionally, these patients had a higher fractional anisotropy value in the body and genu of the corpus callosum. Results from normal controls show that these callosal regions connect temporo-parietal, sensorimotor and prefrontal areas. Finally, shorter time intervals from the stroke tended to improve patients’ response to prism adaptation. We concluded that prism adaptation may improve left visual neglect by promoting the contribution of the left hemisphere to neglect compensation. These results support current hypotheses on the role of the healthy hemisphere in the compensation for stroke-induced, chronic neuropsychological deficits, and suggest that prism adaptation can foster this role by exploiting sensorimotor/prefrontal circuits, especially when applied at early stages post-stroke.

Adaptation of the Two Arms to opposite Prism Displacements

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Prablanc ◽  
A. Tzavaras ◽  
M. Jeannerod
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Adaptive Shifts

In normal subjects, the two arms were exposed separately to prismatic displacements of opposite sign, using the eye ipsilateral to the exposed arm. Opposite adaptive shifts were induced on each arm whether the eye ipsilateral to the arm (i.e. exposed to a displacement of the same sign as the arm) or the eye controlateral to the arm (i.e. exposed to a displacement of opposite sign) was used during testing. This result precludes the possible role of oculomotor signals in this type of prism adaptation.

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