A Psychophysical and Computational Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Mechanisms Underlying the Flash-Lag Effect

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6053 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
André M Cravo ◽  
Marcus V C Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Spatial Facilitation ◽  
Moving Stimulus ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

Several accounts put forth to explain the flash-lag effect (FLE) rely mainly on either spatial or temporal mechanisms. Here we investigated the relationship between these mechanisms by psychophysical and theoretical approaches. In a first experiment we assessed the magnitudes of the FLE and temporal-order judgments performed under identical visual stimulation. The results were interpreted by means of simulations of an artificial neural network, that was also employed to make predictions concerning the FLE. The model predicted that a spatio-temporal mislocalisation would emerge from two, continuous and abrupt-onset, moving stimuli. Additionally, a straightforward prediction of the model revealed that the magnitude of this mislocalisation should be task-dependent, increasing when the use of the abrupt-onset moving stimulus switches from a temporal marker only to both temporal and spatial markers. Our findings confirmed the model's predictions and point to an indissoluble interplay between spatial facilitation and processing delays in the FLE.

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECT FOR THE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTION FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504
Author(s):  
Andriy V. Kolomoyets ◽  
Zoriana V. Hbur ◽  
Svitlana P. Koshova ◽  
Vasyl M. Mykhalchuk ◽  
Natalia O. Savychuk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Logistics Management ◽  
Healthcare Institution ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

The aim: This study is to substantiate the theoretical approaches to determine the financial and economic effect for the Healthcare Institution from the introduction of logistics management methods. Materials and methods: The work utilises a number of methods: Content Analysis, Bibliosemantic, Systematic approach and the analysis of products. Conclusions: The use of logistics management methods is substantiated: synchronization of flow processes, interactive feedback and spatio-temporal timing, as well as the need to take into account in assessing the effectiveness of health facilities not only medical and demographic indicators, but also financial and economic effect. Prospects for further research are related to the development of theoretical and methodological support for the transformation of health care management system, substantiation of methods for determining the relationship between the level of autonomy of institutions and quality of care, taking into account the risks of indirect impact due to reduced access to medical services in rural areas, reduction of the network of specialized institutions and the number of specialized specialists.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of leptospirosis in Thailand: is flooding a risk factor?

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2106-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SUWANPAKDEE ◽  
J. KAEWKUNGWAL ◽  
L. J. WHITE ◽  
N. ASENSIO ◽  
P. RATANAKORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

SUMMARYWe studied the temporal and spatial patterns of leptospirosis, its association with flooding and animal census data in Thailand. Flood data from 2010 to 2012 were extracted from spatial information taken from satellite images. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to determine the relationship between spatio-temporal flooding patterns and the number of human leptospirosis cases. In addition, the area of flood coverage, duration of waterlogging, time lags between flood events, and a number of potential animal reservoirs were considered in a sub-analysis. There was no significant temporal trend of leptospirosis over the study period. Statistical analysis showed an inconsistent relationship between IRR and flooding across years and regions. Spatially, leptospirosis occurred repeatedly and predominantly in northeastern Thailand. Our findings suggest that flooding is less influential in leptospirosis transmission than previously assumed. High incidence of the disease in the northeastern region is explained by the fact that agriculture and animal farming are important economic activities in this area. The periodic rise and fall of reported leptospirosis cases over time might be explained by seasonal exposure from rice farming activities performed during the rainy season when flood events often occur. We conclude that leptospirosis remains an occupational disease in Thailand.

scholarly journals Sequential Time Construal is Primary in Temporal Uses of Mandarin Chinese 前qian ‘front’ and 后hou ‘back’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfei Yang ◽  
Chris Sinha ◽  
Luna Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Mandarin Speakers ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Language ◽  
The Relationship

We address two unresolved puzzles regarding the relationship between temporal and spatial conceptualizations in Mandarin Chinese. First, apparently conflicting data have led to disagreement over whether temporal usages of the terms qian ‘front’ and hou ‘back’ are based on a schema of Ego facing towards past or towards future. Second, which of the sagittal, vertical and lateral orientational axes is more fundamental in Mandarin spatio-temporal language and cognition has been much debated. We review these controversies, propose new analyses and report four experiments. Our findings are consistent with the primacy in Mandarin Chinese of the invariant Sequential Time construal of the terms qian ‘front’ (EARLIER) and hou ‘back’ (LATER) over their contextually governed Deictic Time reference to pastness and futurity. We find also that the preferred lexicalization of temporal relations between events by Mandarin speakers involves the sagittal axis terms qian and hou, but this preference does not hold for non-linguistic representations of event sequences. Finally, our data suggest that the temporal meanings of qian and hou (‘earlier’ and ‘later’) are more salient for Mandarin speakers than their spatial meanings (‘front’ and ‘back’) in motion event conceptualizations.

Theoretical Approaches to the Functions of Indefinite Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This chapter focuses on various theoretical approaches to the semantic and syntactic functions of indefinite pronouns. It begins with a discussion of structuralist semantics, which suggests that language is a system whose parts must be defined and described on the basis of their place in the system and their relation to each other, rather than on the basis of their own intrinsic properties. It then considers some of the problems associated with structuralist semantics, including the unclear status of the semantic features; significant overlap of the functions of grammatical items in many areas, including indefinite pronouns; and structuralist semantics makes wrong predictions about semantic change. The chapter proceeds by analysing logical semantics and the issues raised by this approach, along with syntactic approaches, the theory of mental spaces, pragmatic scales and scale reversal. Finally, it explains the relationship between focusing and sentence accent.

Humans and the Environment

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The environment has always been a central concept for archaeologists and, although it has been conceived in many ways, its role in archaeological explanation has fluctuated from a mere backdrop to human action, to a primary factor in the understanding of society and social change. Archaeology also has a unique position as its base of interest places it temporally between geological and ethnographic timescales, spatially between global and local dimensions, and epistemologically between empirical studies of environmental change and more heuristic studies of cultural practice. Drawing on data from across the globe at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, this volume resituates the way in which archaeologists use and apply the concept of the environment. Each chapter critically explores the potential for archaeological data and practice to contribute to modern environmental issues, including problems of climate change and environmental degradation. Overall the volume covers four basic themes: archaeological approaches to the way in which both scientists and locals conceive of the relationship between humans and their environment, applied environmental archaeology, the archaeology of disaster, and new interdisciplinary directions.The volume will be of interest to students and established archaeologists, as well as practitioners from a range of applied disciplines.

scholarly journals Measuring Legacies of Collective Racial Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Sarah Gaby
Keyword(s):  
Racial Violence ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Housing Segregation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Racialized Violence ◽  
The Relationship

The “legacy effect” of lynchings and other forms of racialized violence has shaped patterns of inequality in America. While past studies have been relatively similar in their design—relating basic counts of lynchings to various contemporary outcomes—I argue for and demonstrate a more nuanced approach. I show that if we think of racialized violence as more than just the act of lynching, and consider both the temporal and spatial proximity between historic events of racial violence and contemporary inequality, we can establish this relationship in a more fulsome way. In the case of this study, the relationship is drawn to housing segregation. I argue that expanding the conceptualization of racial violence is critical for both empirical inquiry and shaping community efforts around redress.

VIDEO-SHOT TRANSITION DETECTION: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL SALIENCY APPROACH

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAN WU ◽  
JIANHUANG LAI ◽  
PONG C. YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Error Probability ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Detection Error ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Video Shot ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Shot Transitions

This paper proposes a novel approach for video-shot transition detection using spatio-temporal saliency. Both temporal and spatial information are combined to generate a saliency map, and features are available based on the change of saliency. Considering the context of shot changes, a statistical detector is constructed to determine all types of shot transitions by the minimization of the detection-error probability simultaneously under the same framework. The evaluation performed on videos of various content types demonstrates that the proposed approach outperforms a more recent method and two publicly available systems, namely VideoAnnex and VCM.

A collective ethnographer: fieldwork experience in the Brazilian Northeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Sigaud
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Fieldwork Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines a 30-year experience of collective ethnography in the sugarcane plantations of Brazil's Northeast. Over this period, the research group has worked in different temporal and spatial contexts, continually exchanging its findings. The author draws on her experience as part of the research group in order to focus on the conditions of entering the field, the seasonal variations and geographic displacements, the research group's morphology and the overall implications for anthropological knowledge. Debates over ethnography have neglected the relationship between the social conditions in which anthropologists carry out their work and what they are able to write about the social world. This article sets out to fill this gap.

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