Perceptual Memory for Highly Familiar People's Body Shape: Manipulation of Images of the Self and Friend

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6024 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Noémy Daury ◽  
Kevin Brooks ◽  
Serge Brédart
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
The Self ◽  
Perceptual Memory ◽  
Shape Manipulation

Actual and Possible Body-Image Self-Schemas in Young Women with Bulimic Tendencies

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Girodo
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Trait Words

To examine whether information about body image is processed and cognitively organized around a self-concept, two experiments analyzed reaction time and memory for 48 young women with bulimic tendencies. Information was self-referencing to body shape vs trait words and information processing of adjectives referenced to “I dream of” and “I am afraid of” facets of self. Bulimic subjects encoded “fat” adjectives faster when these words were referenced to the present self. Reaction times were also faster to both “thin” and “fat” adjectives when these words were self-referenced to an “I dream of” and to an “I am afraid of” self, respectively. Processing of body-image information depended on which facet of self was activated rather than on the denotative meaning of the stimulus words. Memory for thin and fat adjectives was not related to preoccupation with body image or to which facet of the self was invoked. Findings suggest that an actual body-image schema and a possible body-image schema could coexist for bulimic persons. Such coexistence is necessary for a theory which posits knowledge structures might be dynamically related.

scholarly journals Can Self-Esteem Protect Against the Deleterious Consequences of Self-Objectification for Mood and Body Satisfaction in Physically Active Female University Students?

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis ◽  
Jennifer Cumming ◽  
Kimberley J. Bartholomew ◽  
Gemma Pearce
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Objectification Theory ◽  
Mood States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
Shape And Size

Using objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), this study tested the interaction between self-objectification, appearance evaluation, and self-esteem in predicting body satisfaction and mood states. Participants (N = 93) were physically active female university students. State self-objectification was manipulated by participants wearing tight revealing exercise attire (experimental condition) or baggy exercise clothes (control condition). Significant interactions emerged predicting depression, anger, fatness, and satisfaction with body shape and size. For participants in the self-objectification condition who had low (as opposed to high) appearance evaluation, low self-esteem was associated with high depression, anger, and fatness and low satisfaction with body shape and size. In contrast, for participants with high self-esteem, these mood and body satisfaction states were more favorable irrespective of their levels of appearance evaluation. For female exercisers, self-esteem-enhancing strategies may protect against some of the negative outcomes of self-objectification.

scholarly journals A Novel Self-Intersection Penalty Term for Statistical Body Shape Models and Its Applications in 3D Pose Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiqiang Wu ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Lin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
3D Pose Estimation ◽  
Penalty Term ◽  
Partial Derivatives ◽  
Shape Models ◽  
Low Dimensional

Statistical body shape models are widely used in 3D pose estimation due to their low-dimensional parameters representation. However, it is difficult to avoid self-intersection between body parts accurately. Motivated by this fact, we proposed a novel self-intersection penalty term for statistical body shape models applied in 3D pose estimation. To avoid the trouble of computing self-intersection for complex surfaces like the body meshes, the gradient of our proposed self-intersection penalty term is manually derived from the perspective of geometry. First, the self-intersection penalty term is defined as the volume of the self-intersection region. To calculate the partial derivatives with respect to the coordinates of the vertices, we employed detection rays to divide vertices of statistical body shape models into different groups depending on whether the vertex is in the region of self-intersection. Second, the partial derivatives could be easily derived by the normal vectors of neighboring triangles of the vertices. Finally, this penalty term could be applied in gradient-based optimization algorithms to remove the self-intersection of triangular meshes without using any approximation. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of our proposed method compared with previous approaches. The experimental results show that our proposed penalty term can avoid self-intersection to exclude unreasonable predictions and improves the accuracy of 3D pose estimation indirectly. Further more, the proposed method could be employed universally in triangular mesh based 3D reconstruction.

scholarly journals The Self in the Mind’s Eye: Reverse-correlating one’s self reveals how psychological beliefs and attitudes shape our body-image

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Maister ◽  
Sophie De Beukelaer ◽  
Matthew Longo ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Mind's Eye ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

How do we ‘see’ ourselves in our mind’s eye? The question of how we represent our self has been at the centre of cultural practices across centuries, as the long tradition of self-portraits attests, and at the centre of our understanding of mental health issues such as body-image disorders. By implementing a reverse-correlation technique to measure self-representations, we were able to visualise participants’ mental images of both their faces and their body-shapes in a data-driven, unconstrained way, allowing us to visually depict how the self is ‘seen’ in our minds. Our technique was successful, revealing ‘self-portraits’ which were strikingly accurate. However, importantly, we discovered that the facial features of the self-portraits also contained ‘clues’ to each person’s self-reported personality traits, which were reliably detected by external observers. Finally, the higher the participants’ self-esteem with regards to social interactions, the more accurate and true-to-life their self-portraits were. Unlike the facial self-portraits, the body-shape portraits had negligible direct relationships with individuals’ actual body shape, but as with faces, they were significantly influenced by people’s beliefs and emotions; individuals with lower body self-esteem visually represented their bodies as wider. Together, our findings show how psychological beliefs and attitudes about one’s self bias the perceptual representation of one’s appearance, and provide a unique revealing window to into the internal mental representation of one’s self, with important implications for mental health and visual culture.

scholarly journals ESPELHO MEU: ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AUTOIMAGEM CORPORALDE PRATICANTES DE MUSCULAÇÃO EM ACADEMIAS

polemica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 073-092
Author(s):  
Thalisson Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Lima Schneider ◽  
Rafaella Cristina Campos ◽  
Giuliano Roberto Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Image Construction ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar quais são os fatores que determinam a construção da autoimagem de praticantes de musculação. A construção teórica deste trabalho é respaldada em uma busca de artigos científicos na base de indexação SCIELO, objetivando a seleção de outros trabalhos que contribuam para um debate teórico vinculado à temática de imagem corporal. Mesmo sendo um tema crescente em veículos de comunicação de grande circulação, nota-se que o interesse acadêmico na área ainda é insipiente em produções brasileiras, com foco na área da psicologia com intercessão à educação física, mas ainda assim voltado à uma noção patológica e diagnóstica e não considerando a autoimagem como um movimento em construção. A natureza deste estudo é exploratória, contendo 30 respondentes da cidade de Nepomuceno-MG, dos seguintes instrumentos: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e Figure Rating Scale (FRS). A análise de dados é quanti-qualitativa e a discussão dos dados realizada a partir de análise de conteúdo por grade fixa. Conclui-se que a construção da autoimagem depende das influências socioculturais sob a racionalização individual e que mais importante do que ter o corpo desejado é exibir medidas, mesmo que manipuladas, cabíveis a estas cobranças e influências.Isso mostra como a autoimagem é construída por meio e para o outro, e não meramente para nós mesmos.Palavras-chave: Autoimagem. Representação. Corpo.Abstract: The main goal of this article it is to analyze which are the factors that determent the construction of the self-image in body building practitioners. The theoretical construction of this paper is based on the research of scientifically articles on the SCIELO data base with inclusion/exclusion criterias detailed on this paper later on, objectifying the selection of other papers that approach and contribute with the discussion about self-image. However, even though this is an up growing theme showed, the data base consulted shows that there are few researchers interested on this subject and that makes this kind of theme incipient. There are few articles in Portuguese that considers the Brazilian reality about self-image construction and the focus areas are psychology and physical education, but still considering diagnostic and pathology approaches instead of considering self-image as a constructive movement. The nature of this study is exploratory containing thirty respondents collected in the city of Nepomuceno in Minas Gerais, of two instruments: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Figure Rating Scale (FRS). The analysis of the collected data is both qualitative and quantitative approaches and was realized on bases of contained analysis by closed web. It´s conclude that the construction of the self-image depends on the social and culture influences under a subjective rationalization and that to show of the perfect measures for others is more important than to have the perfect body for yourself. This is the prof that self-imagem is constructed towards others more that to ourselves.Keywords: Self-Image. Representation. Body.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

The Nature of Rapidly Extracted Phycocyanin from the Blue-Green Alga Plectonema Boryanum

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Kessel ◽  
R. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The major protein of the blue-green algae is the biliprotein, C-phycocyanin (Amax = 620 nm), which is presumed to exist in the cell in the form of distinct aggregates called phycobilisomes. The self-assembly of C-phycocyanin from monomer to hexamer has been extensively studied, but the proposed next step in the assembly of a phycobilisome, the formation of 19s subunits, is completely unknown. We have used electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with a method for rapid and gentle extraction of phycocyanin to study its subunit structure and assembly.To establish the existence of phycobilisomes, cells of P. boryanum in the log phase of growth, growing at a light intensity of 200 foot candles, were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0, for 3 hours at 4°C. The cells were post-fixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer overnight. Material was stained for 1 hour in uranyl acetate (1%), dehydrated and embedded in araldite and examined in thin sections.

Interrelationship of the cellular distribution and secretion of regular structure (RS) protein in Bacillus licheniformis nm 105

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhu ◽  
Richard McVeigh ◽  
Bijan K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

A mutant of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, NM 105 exhibits some notable properties, e.g., arrest of alkaline phosphatase secretion and overexpression and hypersecretion of RS protein. Although RS is known to be widely distributed in many microbes, it is rarely found, with a few exceptions, in laboratory cultures of microorganisms. RS protein is a structural protein and has the unusual properties to form aggregate. This characteristic may have been responsible for the self assembly of RS into regular tetragonal structures. Another uncommon characteristic of RS is that enhanced synthesis and secretion which occurs when the cells cease to grow. Assembled RS protein with a tetragonal structure is not seen inside cells at any stage of cell growth including cells in the stationary phase of growth. Gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant shows a very large amount of RS protein in the stationary culture of the B. licheniformis. It seems, Therefore, that the RS protein is cotranslationally secreted and self assembled on the envelope surface.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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