scholarly journals Real-World Face Recognition: The Importance of Surface Reflectance Properties

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5779 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Russell ◽  
Pawan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real World ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Facial Attributes

The face recognition task we perform most often in everyday experience is the identification of people with whom we are familiar. However, because of logistical challenges, most studies focus on unfamiliar-face recognition, wherein subjects are asked to match or remember images of unfamiliar people's faces. Here we explore the importance of two facial attributes—shape and surface reflectance—in the context of a familiar-face recognition task. In our experiment, subjects were asked to recognise color images of the faces of their friends. The images were manipulated such that only reflectance or only shape information was useful for recognizing any particular face. Subjects were actually better at recognizing their friends' faces from reflectance information than from shape information. This provides evidence that reflectance information is important for face recognition in ecologically relevant contexts.

The effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation on the self-face recognition in adults with autistic syndrome disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S367-S368
Author(s):  
N. Deltort ◽  
J.R. Cazalets ◽  
A. Amestoy ◽  
M. Bouvard
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multimodal Integration ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Multimodal Process

Studies on individuals without developmental disorder show that mental representation of self-face is subject to a multimodal process in the same way that the representation of the self-body is. People with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have a particular pattern of face processing and a multimodal integration deficit.The objectives of our study were to evaluate the self-face recognition and the effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) in individuals with ASD. We aimed to show a self-face recognition deficit and a lack of multimodal integration among this population.IMS consisted of the presentation of a movie displaying an unfamiliar face being touched intermittently, while the examiner applied the same stimulation synchronously or asynchronously on the participant. The effect resulting from IMS was measured on two groups with or without ASD by a self-face recognition task on morphing movies made from self-face and unfamiliar-face pictures.There was a significant difference between groups on self-recognition before stimulation. This result shows a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD. Results for the control group showed a significant effect of IMS on self-face recognition in synchronous condition. This suggests the existence of an update of self-face mental representation by multimodal process. In contrast, there was no significant effect of IMS demonstrated in ASD group, suggesting a multimodal integration deficit for the constitution of self-representation in this population.Our results show the existence of a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD, which may be linked to a lack of multimodal integration in the development of the self-face representation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Local vs. Global

2014 ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Daniel Riccio ◽  
Andrea Casanova ◽  
Gianni Fenu
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real World ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Face Representation ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local And Global Features ◽  
Local Operators

Face recognition in real world applications is a very difficult task because of image misalignments, pose and illumination variations, or occlusions. Many researchers in this field have investigated both face representation and classification techniques able to deal with these drawbacks. However, none of them is free from limitations. Early proposed algorithms were generally holistic, in the sense they consider the face object as a whole. Recently, challenging benchmarks demonstrated that they are not adequate to be applied in unconstrained environments, despite of their good performances in more controlled conditions. Therefore, the researchers' attention is now turning on local features that have been demonstrated to be more robust to a large set of non-monotonic distortions. Nevertheless, though local operators partially overcome some drawbacks, they are still opening new questions (e.g., Which criteria should be used to select the most representative features?). This is the reason why, among all the others, hybrid approaches are showing a high potential in terms of recognition accuracy when applied in uncontrolled settings, as they integrate complementary information from both local and global features. This chapter explores local, global, and hybrid approaches.

Face Recognition Using Completed Local Ternary Pattern (CLTP) Texture Descriptor

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha H. Rassem ◽  
Nasrin M. Makbol ◽  
Sam Yin Yee
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Local Ternary Pattern ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
The Face ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
High Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Event Image

Nowadays, face recognition becomes one of the important topics in the computer vision and image processing area. This is due to its importance where can be used in many applications. The main key in the face recognition is how to extract distinguishable features from the image to perform high recognition accuracy.  Local binary pattern (LBP) and many of its variants used as texture features in many of face recognition systems. Although LBP performed well in many fields, it is sensitive to noise, and different patterns of LBP may classify into the same class that reduces its discriminating property. Completed Local Ternary Pattern (CLTP) is one of the new proposed texture features to overcome the drawbacks of the LBP. The CLTP outperformed LBP and some of its variants in many fields such as texture, scene, and event image classification.  In this study, we study and investigate the performance of CLTP operator for face recognition task. The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE), and FEI face databases are used in the experiments. In the experimental results, CLTP outperformed some previous texture descriptors and achieves higher classification rate for face recognition task which has reached up 99.38% and 85.22% in JAFFE and FEI, respectively.

scholarly journals Objective Patterns of Face Recognition Deficits in 165 Adults with Self-Reported Developmental Prosopagnosia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bate ◽  
Rachel J. Bennetts ◽  
Nicola Gregory ◽  
Jeremy J. Tree ◽  
Ebony Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Prevalent Form

In the last 15 years, increasing numbers of individuals have self-referred to research laboratories in the belief that they experience severe everyday difficulties with face recognition. The condition “developmental prosopagnosia” (DP) is typically diagnosed when impairment is identified on at least two objective face-processing tests, usually involving assessments of face perception, unfamiliar face memory, and famous face recognition. While existing evidence suggests that some individuals may have a mnemonic form of prosopagnosia, it is also possible that other subtypes exist. The current study assessed 165 adults who believe they experience DP, and 38% of the sample were impaired on at least two of the tests outlined above. While statistical dissociations between face perception and face memory were only observed in four cases, a further 25% of the sample displayed dissociations between impaired famous face recognition and intact short-term unfamiliar face memory and face perception. We discuss whether this pattern of findings reflects (a) limitations within dominant diagnostic tests and protocols, (b) a less severe form of DP, or (c) a currently unrecognized but prevalent form of the condition that affects long-term face memory, familiar face recognition or semantic processing.

Self- or familiar-face recognition advantage? New insight using ambient images

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bortolon ◽  
Siméon Lorieux ◽  
Stéphane Raffard
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Self-face recognition has been widely explored in the past few years. Nevertheless, the current literature relies on the use of standardized photographs which do not represent daily-life face recognition. Therefore, we aim for the first time to evaluate self-face processing in healthy individuals using natural/ambient images which contain variations in the environment and in the face itself. In total, 40 undergraduate and graduate students performed a forced delayed-matching task, including images of one’s own face, friend, famous and unknown individuals. For both reaction time and accuracy, results showed that participants were faster and more accurate when matching different images of their own face compared to both famous and unfamiliar faces. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found between self-face and friend-face and between friend-face and famous-face. They were also faster and more accurate when matching friend and famous faces compared to unfamiliar faces. Our results suggest that faster and more accurate responses to self-face might be better explained by a familiarity effect – that is, (1) the result of frequent exposition to one’s own image through mirror and photos, (2) a more robust mental representation of one’s own face and (3) strong face recognition units as for other familiar faces.

Face Counting and Mask Detection using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
Janani Prabu ◽  
Sai Saranesh ◽  
Dr.S. Ajitha
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Strong Solution ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
The Face

Face is one among the foremost important human's biometrics which is used frequently in every day human communication and due to some of its unique characteristics plays a major role in conveying identity and emotion. So far numerous methods have been proposed for face recognition, but it's still remained very challenging in real world applications and up to date; there is no technique which equals human ability to recognize faces despite many variations in appearance that the face can have in a scene and provides a strong solution to all situations.

scholarly journals Looking at my own Face: Visual Processing Strategies in Physical Self-representation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Chakraborty ◽  
Bhismadev Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Specific Association

AbstractWe live in an age of ‘selfies’. Yet, how we look at our own faces has seldom been systematically investigated. In this study we test if visual processing of self-faces is different from other faces, using psychophysics and eye-tracking. Specifically, the association between the psychophysical properties of self-face representation and visual processing strategies involved in self-face recognition was tested. Thirty-three adults performed a self-face recognition task from a series of self-other face morphs with simultaneous eye-tracking. Participants were found to look at lower part of the face for longer duration for self-face compared to other-face. Participants with a reduced overlap between self and other face representations, as indexed by a steeper slope of the psychometric response curve for self-face recognition, spent a greater proportion of time looking at the upper regions of faces identified as self. Additionally, the association of autism-related traits with self-face processing metrics was tested, since autism has previously been associated with atypical self-processing, particularly in the psychological domain. Autistic traits were associated with reduced looking time to both self and other faces. However, no self-face specific association was noted with autistic traits, suggesting that autism-related features may be related to self-processing in a domain specific manner.

scholarly journals How robust is familiar face recognition? A repeat detection study of more than 1000 faces

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 170634
Author(s):  
Angus F. Chapman ◽  
Hannah Hawkins-Elder ◽  
Tirta Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Robust Representation ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces ◽  
Repeat Detection ◽  
Better Than

Recent theories suggest that familiar faces have a robust representation in memory because they have been encountered over a wide variety of contexts and image changes (e.g. lighting, viewpoint and expression). By contrast, unfamiliar faces are encountered only once, and so they do not benefit from such richness of experience and are represented based on image-specific details. In this registered report, we used a repeat detection task to test whether familiar faces are recognized better than unfamiliar faces across image changes. Participants viewed a stream of more than 1000 celebrity face images for 0.5 s each, any of which might be repeated at a later point and has to be detected. Some participants saw the same image at repeats, while others saw a different image of the same face. A post-experimental familiarity check allowed us to determine which celebrities were and were not familiar to each participant. We had three predictions: (i) detection would be better for familiar than unfamiliar faces, (ii) detection would be better across same rather than different images, and (iii) detection of familiar faces would be comparable across same and different images, but detection of unfamiliar faces would be poorer across different images. We obtained support for the first two predictions but not the last. Instead, we found that repeat detection of faces, regardless of familiarity, was poorer across different images. Our study suggests that the robustness of familiar face recognition may have limits, and that under some conditions, familiar face recognition can be just as influenced by image changes as unfamiliar face recognition.

Event-Related Potentials, Configural Encoding, and Feature-Based Encoding in Face Recognition

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. James ◽  
Stuart J. Johnstone ◽  
William G. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Configural Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Accuracy Measures

Abstract The effects of manipulating configural and feature information on the face recognition process were investigated by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from five electrode sites (Fz, Cz, Pz, T5, T6), while 17 European subjects performed an own-race and other-race face recognition task. A series of upright faces were presented in a study phase, followed by a test phase where subjects indicated whether inverted and upright faces were studied or novel via a button press response. An inversion effect, illustrating the disruption of upright configural information, was reflected in accuracy measures and in greater lateral N2 amplitude to inverted faces, suggesting that structural encoding is harder for inverted faces. An own-race advantage was found, which may reflect the use of configural encoding for the more frequently experienced own-race faces, and feature-based encoding for the less familiar other-race faces, and was reflected in accuracy measures and ERP effects. The midline N2 was larger to configurally encoded faces (i. e., own-race and upright), possibly suggesting configural encoding involves more complex processing than feature-based encoding. An N400-like component was sensitive to feature manipulations, with greater amplitude to other-race than own-race faces and to inverted than upright faces. This effect was interpreted as reflecting increased activation of incompatible representations activated by a feature-based strategy used in processing of other-race and inverted faces. The late positive complex was sensitive to configural manipulation with larger amplitude to other-race than own-race faces, and was interpreted as reflecting the updating of an own-race norm used in face recognition, to incorporate other-race information.

Familiar Face Priming: The Role of Second-Order Configuration and Individual Face Recognition Abilities

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena L. Itz ◽  
Stefan R. Schweinberger ◽  
Jürgen M. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Metric Distances

The role of second-order configuration—that is, metric distances between individual features—for familiar face recognition has been the subject of debate. Recent reports suggest that better face recognition abilities coincide with a weaker reliance on shape information for face recognition. We examined contributions of second-order configuration to familiar face repetition priming by manipulating metric distances between facial features. S1 comprised familiar face primes as either: unaltered, with increased or decreased interocular distance, with increased or decreased distance between nose and mouth; or a different familiar face (unprimed). Participants performed a familiarity decision task on familiar and unfamiliar S2 targets, and completed a test battery consisting of three face identity processing tests. Accuracies, reaction times, and inverse efficiency scores were assessed for the priming experiment, and potential priming costs in inverse efficiency scores were correlated with test battery scores. Overall, priming was found, and priming effects were reduced only by primes with interocular distance distortions. Correlational data showed that better face recognition skills coincided with a weaker reliance on second-order configurations. Our findings (a) suggest an importance of interocular, but not mouth-to-nose, distances for familiar face recognition and (b) show that good face recognizers are less sensitive to second-order configuration.

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