A Continuous Smooth Map of Space in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Common Marmoset

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5198 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McLoughlin ◽  
Philippa Cotton ◽  
Ingo Schiessl
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Smooth Map ◽  
Cortical Representations ◽  
Fine Scale Mapping

We examined the fine-scale mapping of the visual world within the primary visual cortex of the marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) using differential optical imaging. We stimulated two sets of complementary stripe-like locations in turn, subtracting them to generate the cortical representations of continuous bands of visual space. Rotating this stimulus configuration makes it possible to map different spatial axes within the primary visual cortex. In a similar manner, shifting the stimulated locations between trials makes it possible to map retinotopy at an even finer scale. Using these methods we found no evidence of any local anisotropies or distortions in the cortical representation of visual space. This is despite the fact that orientation preference is mapped in a discontinuous manner across the surface of marmoset V1. Overall, our results indicate that space is mapped in a continuous and smooth manner in the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset.

scholarly journals Activity-dependent regulation of MHC class I expression in the developing primary visual cortex of the common marmoset monkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adema Ribic ◽  
Gabriele Flügge ◽  
Christina Schlumbohm ◽  
Kerstin Mätz-Rensing ◽  
Lutz Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Class I ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Activity Dependent

Pre- and postnatal development of the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. I. A changing space for synaptogenesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 333 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Missler ◽  
Siegfried Eins ◽  
Hans-Joachim Merker ◽  
Hartmut Rothe ◽  
Joachim R. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
The Common

Colonization of collagen scaffolds by adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells of the common marmoset monkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 411 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Bernemann ◽  
Thomas Mueller ◽  
Rainer Blasczyk ◽  
Birgit Glasmacher ◽  
Nicola Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals The hormonal induction of cervical remodeling in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simon ◽  
Almuth Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
The Common

Controversy still exists regarding the involvement of relaxin (RLX) in cervical reorganization throughout parturition in the human, despite its well-known role in facilitating extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in diverse organs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of RLX and estrogen (E2) on the cervical tissue of the common marmoset monkey. Two experimental designs were used: 1)in vivoanalysis of the intracervical diameter under locally applied RLX and 2) ovariectomized (ov) marmosets were treated systemically with either recombinant human (rh) RLX, E2 or rhRLX+E2 to examine their action on the cervix.In vivo-locally applied rhRLX induced a distinct and significant widening of the cervix (before: 4.8±1.1 mm versus after: 5.7±0.9 mm in diameter;P<0.030, MV±s.e.m.). This widening effect was most pronounced in animals without previous pregnancies.In vitroinvestigation of cervical tissue showed significantly increased wet weights after all three hormone treatments (E2: 0.27±0.07 g, RLX: 0.25±0.04 g, E2+RLX: 0.30±0.11 g; allP<0.05; MV±s.e.m.) versus controls (0.10±0.04 g). Furthermore, morphological changes such as loosening of the connective tissue structure and decline in collagen content, an increase in the number of eosinophils, increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1) and MMP2, as well as gene and protein expression of the RLX receptor RXFP1 could be detected in the cervical tissue after all hormone treatments, compared with controls. In summary, RLX has a potent widening effect on the cervix of the common marmoset monkey. Although E2 is not required for this RLX effect, a combined application of E2 and RLX induced the most prominent cervical ripening.

Adult Cortical Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES D. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range

Gilbert, Charles D. Adult Cortical Dynamics. Physiol. Rev. 78: 467–485, 1998. — There are many influences on our perception of local features. What we see is not strictly a reflection of the physical characteristics of a scene but instead is highly dependent on the processes by which our brain attempts to interpret the scene. As a result, our percepts are shaped by the context within which local features are presented, by our previous visual experiences, operating over a wide range of time scales, and by our expectation of what is before us. The substrate for these influences is likely to be found in the lateral interactions operating within individual areas of the cerebral cortex and in the feedback from higher to lower order cortical areas. Even at early stages in the visual pathway, cells are far more flexible in their functional properties than previously thought. It had long been assumed that cells in primary visual cortex had fixed properties, passing along the product of a stereotyped operation to the next stage in the visual pathway. Any plasticity dependent on visual experience was thought to be restricted to a period early in the life of the animal, the critical period. Furthermore, the assembly of contours and surfaces into unified percepts was assumed to take place at high levels in the visual pathway, whereas the receptive fields of cells in primary visual cortex represented very small windows on the visual scene. These concepts of spatial integration and plasticity have been radically modified in the past few years. The emerging view is that even at the earliest stages in the cortical processing of visual information, cells are highly mutable in their functional properties and are capable of integrating information over a much larger part of visual space than originally believed.

scholarly journals Cross-species comparison of behavioral neurodevelopmental milestones in the common marmoset monkey and human child

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla K. Ausderau ◽  
Caitlin Dammann ◽  
Kathy McManus ◽  
Mary Schneider ◽  
Marina E. Emborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Species Comparison ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Human Child ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cross Species Comparison

Receptive field expansion in adult visual cortex is linked to dynamic changes in strength of cortical connections

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Das ◽  
C. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On Line ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Visual Cortex Neurons ◽  
Cortical Connection

1. Receptive field (RF) sizes of neurons in adult primary visual cortex are dynamic, expanding and contracting in response to alternate stimulation outside and within the RF over periods ranging from seconds to minutes. The substrate for this dynamic expansion was shown to lie in cortex, as opposed to subcortical parts of the visual pathway. The present study was designed to examine changes in cortical connection strengths that could underlie this observed plasticity by measuring the changes in cross-correlation histograms between pairs of primary visual cortex neurons that are induced to dynamically change their RF sizes. 2. Visually driven neural activity was recorded from single units in the superficial layers of primary visual cortex in adult cats, with two independent electrodes separated by 0.1–5 mm at their tips, and cross-correlated on-line. The neurons were then conditioned by stimulation with an “artificial scotoma,” a field of flashing random dots filling the region of visual space around a blank rectangle enclosing the RFs of the recorded neurons. The neuronal RFs were tested for expansion and their visually driven output again cross-correlated. After this, the neurons were stimulated vigorously through their RF centers to induce the field to collapse, and the visually driven output from the collapsed RFs was again cross-correlated. Cross-correlograms obtained before and after conditioning, and after RF collapse, were normalized by their flanks to control for changes in peak size due solely to fluctuations in spike rate. 3. A total of 37 pairs of neurons that showed distinct cross-correlogram peaks, and whose RF borders were clearly discernible both before and after conditioning, were used in the final analysis. Of these neuron pairs, conditioning led to a clear expansion of RF boundaries in 28 pairs, whereas in 9 pairs the RFs did not expand. RFs that did expand showed no significant shifts in their orientation preference, orientation selectivity, or ocularity. 4. When the RFs of a pair of neurons expanded with conditioning, the area of the associated flank-normalized cross-correlogram peaks also increased (by a factor ranging from 0.84 up to 3.5). Correlograms returned to their preconditioning values when RFs collapsed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Co-expression of calretinin and γ-aminobutyric acid in neurons of the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset monkey

Hippocampus ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H.J. Pothuizen ◽  
Joram Feldon ◽  
Ana L. Jongen-Rêlo
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
The Common
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