Visual Feature Binding in Early Infancy

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3167 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentaro Taga ◽  
Tomohiro Ikejiri ◽  
Tatsushi Tachibana ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo ◽  
Atsuhiro Soeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Feature Integration ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Binding Problem ◽  
Neural Basis

How does the developing brain of the human infant solve the feature-binding problem when visual stimuli consisting of multiple colored objects are presented? A habituation–dishabituation procedure revealed that 1-month-old infants have the ability to discriminate changes in the conjunction of a familiar shape and color in two objects. However, this good earlier performance was followed by poorer performance at 2 months of age. The performance improved again at 3 months of age. Detailed analysis of the oculomotor behaviors revealed that the age of 2 months was a period of drastic transition when the tendency to stay with the fixated objects disappeared and repetitive saccades between the two objects emerged. Our findings suggest that the ability to perceive conjunctions of features is available to infants very early, that the perceptual/neural basis at 1 and at 3 months of age may be fundamentally different, and that feature integration by vigorous eye movements or selective attention may be the key functional difference between the age groups.

VISUAL FEATURE BINDING WITHIN THE SELECTIVE TUNING ATTENTION FRAMEWORK

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 861-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT L. ROTHENSTEIN ◽  
ANTONIO J. RODRÍGUEZ-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
EVGUENI SIMINE ◽  
JOHN K. TSOTSOS
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Binding Problem ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Primate Vision

We present a biologically plausible computational model for solving the visual feature binding problem, based on recent results regarding the time course and processing sequence in the primate visual system. The feature binding problem appears due to the distributed nature of visual processing in the primate brain, and the gradual loss of spatial information along the processing hierarchy. This paper puts forward the proposal that by using multiple passes of the visual processing hierarchy, both bottom-up and top-down, and using task information to tune the processing prior to each pass, we can explain the different recognition behaviors that primate vision exhibits. To accomplish this, four different kinds of binding processes are introduced and are tied directly to specific recognition tasks and their time course. The model relies on the reentrant connections so ubiquitous in the primate brain to recover spatial information, and thus allow features represented in different parts of the brain to be integrated in a unitary conscious percept. We show how different tasks and stimuli have different binding requirements, and present a unified framework within the Selective Tuning model of visual attention.

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

Cognitive Processing of Film Cuts Among 4- to 8-Year-Old Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Munk ◽  
Günter Daniel Rey ◽  
Anna Katharina Diergarten ◽  
Gerhild Nieding ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Chronological Sequence

An eye tracker experiment investigated 4-, 6-, and 8-year old children’s cognitive processing of film cuts. Nine short film sequences with or without editing errors were presented to 79 children. Eye movements up to 400 ms after the targeted film cuts were measured and analyzed using a new calculation formula based on Manhattan Metrics. No age effects were found for jump cuts (i.e., small movement discontinuities in a film). However, disturbances resulting from reversed-angle shots (i.e., a switch of the left-right position of actors in successive shots) led to increased reaction times between 6- and 8-year old children, whereas children of all age groups had difficulties coping with narrative discontinuity (i.e., the canonical chronological sequence of film actions is disrupted). Furthermore, 4-year old children showed a greater number of overall eye movements than 6- and 8-year old children. This indicates that some viewing skills are developed between 4 and 6 years of age. The results of the study provide evidence of a crucial time span of knowledge acquisition for television-based media literacy between 4 and 8 years.

Visual feature integration is a function of the temporo-parietal-junction

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Huberle ◽  
K. Seymour ◽  
C.F. Altmann ◽  
H.O. Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Feature Integration ◽  
Visual Feature

scholarly journals Disruption of visual feature binding in working memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiji Ueno ◽  
Richard J. Allen ◽  
Alan D. Baddeley ◽  
Graham J. Hitch ◽  
Satoru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Visual Feature

scholarly journals Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2516-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Petit ◽  
Michael S. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction

We used event-related fMRI to measure brain activity while subjects performed saccadic eye, head, and gaze movements to visually presented targets. Two distinct patterns of response were observed. One set of areas was equally active during eye, head, and gaze movements and consisted of the superior and inferior subdivisions of the frontal eye fields, the supplementary eye field, the intraparietal sulcus, the precuneus, area MT in the lateral occipital sulcus and subcortically in basal ganglia, thalamus, and the superior colliculus. These areas have been previously observed in functional imaging studies of human eye movements, suggesting that a common set of brain areas subserves both oculomotor and head movement control in humans, consistent with data from single-unit recording and microstimulation studies in nonhuman primates that have described overlapping eye- and head-movement representations in oculomotor control areas. A second set of areas was active during head and gaze movements but not during eye movements. This set of areas included the posterior part of the planum temporale and the cortex at the temporoparietal junction, known as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Activity in PIVC has been observed during imaging studies of invasive vestibular stimulation, and we confirm its role in processing the vestibular cues accompanying natural head movements. Our findings demonstrate that fMRI can be used to study the neural basis of head movements and show that areas that control eye movements also control head movements. In addition, we provide the first evidence for brain activity associated with vestibular input produced by natural head movements as opposed to invasive caloric or galvanic vestibular stimulation.

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