Influence of Individual Differences in Temporal Sensitivity on Timing Performance

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W Brown
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Time Judgment ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Signal Detection Task

This research was designed to examine the consistency of individual differences in timing. Subjects were tested initially on a temporal-signal-detection task. In a series of trials, subjects judged whether a stimulus figure was displayed for either 12 s or greater than 12 s. Task performance was used to classify the subjects into groups with high or low temporal sensitivity ( d'). Later, the subjects were tested on two classic time-judgment tasks. In a temporal-interference task, subjects reproduced intervals of 8 – 16 s during which they had rehearsed 0, 3, or 7 digits. Absolute error in time judgments increased linearly as a function of task demands. However, subjects with low temporal sensitivity made more error under all conditions compared with those with high sensitivity. In an isochronous-tapping task, subjects produced a series of 2-s and 5-s intervals. The low-temporal-sensitivity group produced more variable and inaccurate responses than the high-sensitivity group. The results demonstrate cross-situational consistency in timing performance across different tasks, time-judgment methods, and stimulus durations.

scholarly journals Vortioxetine Differentially Modulates MK-801-Induced Changes in Visual Signal Detection Task Performance and Locomotor Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Hillhouse ◽  
Christina R. Merritt ◽  
Douglas A. Smith ◽  
Manuel Cajina ◽  
Connie Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Induced Changes

Temporal-Signal Detection and Individual Differences in Timing

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W Brown ◽  
Damon C Newcomb ◽  
Kathleen G Kahrl
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Temporal Reproduction ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Judgment Data

Signal-detection procedures were used in three experiments to examine sensitivity and bias in time judgments and to evaluate individual differences in timing. The task required subjects to judge whether visual stimuli were presented for a certain target duration (the ‘signal’) or for a slightly longer duration. In experiment 1, subjects performed versions of the task involving both short (2 s) and long (12 s) target stimuli. Analyses of sensitivity and bias measures ( d' and β) provided evidence for consistency in timing performance within individuals. In experiment 2, subjects were tested on a detection task with 5, 10, or 15 s targets, followed by a temporal-reproduction task involving stimulus durations ranging from 3 to 17 s. Subjects with high temporal sensitivity showed less error in their reproductions than subjects with low temporal sensitivity. In experiment 3, subjects were pretested on a detection task with a 12 s target and then performed a temporal-production task where they attempted to generate a series of 12 s intervals under either control or informational feedback conditions. Feedback improved accuracy and reduced variability in temporal productions. However, the low-temporal-sensitivity subjects were more variable in their responses under both conditions than were the high-sensitivity subjects. The results point to the utility of a temporal-signal-detection task both as a means for studying individual differences in timing and as a pretesting technique for assigning subjects to high-sensitivity and low-sensitivity groups to reduce error in time-judgment data.

scholarly journals Collaborative Metacognition in Signal Detection Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1704-1708
Author(s):  
Jackson Duncan-Reid ◽  
Jason S. McCarley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Metacognitive Judgments ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Sensitive Individual

When individuals work together to make decisions in a signal detection task, they typically achieve greater sensitivity as a group than they could each achieve on their own. The present experiments investigate whether metacognitive, or Type 2, signal detection judgements would show a similar pattern of collaborative benefit. Thirty-two participants in Experiment 1 and sixty participants in Experiment 2 completed a signal detection task individually and in groups, and measures of Type 1 and Type 2 sensitivity were calculated from participants’ confidence judgments. Bayesian parameter estimates suggested that regardless of whether teams are given feedback on their performance (Experiment 1) or receive no feedback (Experiment 2), no credible differences were observed in metacognitive efficiency between the teams and the better members, nor between the teams and the worse members. These findings suggest that teams may self-assess their performance by deferring metacognitive judgments to the most metacognitively sensitive individual within the team, even without trial-by-trial feedback, rather than integrating their judgments and achieving increased metacognitive awareness of their own performance.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Stimuli Characteristics on Signal Detection Performance: Sex Influenced Targeting Bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619
Author(s):  
Jessica Williams ◽  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Jason Parker ◽  
Andrew Talone ◽  
Jordan Sasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Response Criterion ◽  
Male Character ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
Social Biases

Research has shown that the perceived sex (female versus male features) of a presented threat can influence participants’ responses. This exploratory analysis examined data from an experiment which utilized a virtual reality signal detection task. Six categorically different character models (three males and three females) transported one of five potential objects (one signal: pistol; five noise: gardening tools) across a virtual environment. The focus of our analysis was to explore the influence of participant sex and character gender on participants' perceptual sensitivity ( d’) and response criterion ( C). Results suggest that character gender had significant effects on d’ and C such that male character models resulted in greater perceptual sensitivity and a more liberal response criterion. Our findings align with previous research that characterize females as less likely to be targeted as a threat, possibly due to stereotypes or predisposed social biases, as opposed to males.

scholarly journals Sex-related Differences in Spatial Ability and Signal Detection Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1239-1243
Author(s):  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Continuous Signal ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Signal

Sex-related differences in spatial ability have regularly shown a slight performance advantage among males on standard tests; however, the impact of these differences in real-world tasks that may depend on spatial ability has rarely been investigated. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the relationship between sex-related differences in spatial ability as quantified by two measures (Thurstone’s Mental Rotation test and the Spatial Reasoning Instrument), and performance in a conventional signal detection task. Mixed results showed some support for slightly improved male spatial ability. We then conducted a follow-up experiment to investigate sex-related differences in spatial ability and with respect to performance in a continuous signal detection task. Slight male advantages in performance of the spatial ability measures emerged, and also in the continuous signal detection task, but not for the conventional signal detection task.

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