Fixation Patterns Made during Brief Examination of Two-Dimensional Images

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabira K Mannan ◽  
Keith H Ruddock ◽  
David S Wooding
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Local Contrast ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Measurements were carried out of saccadic eye movements made during brief (3 s) examination of images which the observer was asked to identify. Each image was identified in three forms: low-pass filtered, high-pass filtered, and unfiltered. The analysis of the eye-movement patterns was based on the locations of fixations made during examination of the images, for which purpose a least-squares measure of similarity between two sets of locations was introduced. It is shown that there is a high degree of similarity between fixations made by the same observer to the different versions of a given image and that for a given image there is a high degree of similarity between fixations made by the eighteen observers who participated in the experiments. The similarities are greater for the initial 1.5 s than for the full viewing period of 3 s. The similarity between the locations of fixations and those of selected image features such as local contrast, high-spatial-frequency content, and edge density was also examined. It is shown that there is only weak similarity between the locations of fixations and those of any given local image feature, and the tendency of observers to fixate centrally on the image is identified as the principal reason for the low similarity values. It is shown that if the nonuniform distribution of eye movements is taken into account, significant similarities are found between the locations of fixations and those of certain image features, such as edge density.

Top-Down versus Bottom-up Control of Saccades in Texture Perception

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 162-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Groner ◽  
A von Mühlenen ◽  
M Groner
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Low Pass

An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of luminance, contrast, and spatial frequency content on saccadic eye movements. 112 pictures of natural textures from Brodatz were low-pass filtered (0.04 – 0.76 cycles deg−1) and high-pass filtered (1.91 – 19.56 cycles deg−1) and varied in luminance (low and high) and contrast (low and high), resulting in eight images per texture. Circular clippings of the central parts of the images (approximately 15% of the whole image) were used as stimuli. In the condition of bottom - up processing, the eight stimuli derived from one texture were presented for 1500 ms in a circular arrangement around the fixation cross. They were followed by a briefly presented target stimulus in the centre, which in half the trials was identical to one of the eight test stimuli. Participants had to decide whether the target stimulus was identical to any of the preceding stimuli. During a trial, their eye movements were recorded by means of a Dual-Purkinje-Image eye tracker. In the top - down condition, the target stimulus was presented in each trial prior to the display of the test stimulus. It was assumed that the priming with a target produced a top - down processing of the test stimuli. The latency and landing site of the first saccade were computed and compared between the top - down and bottom - up conditions. It is hypothesised that stimulus characteristics (luminance, contrast, and spatial frequency) play a more prominent role in bottom - up processing, while top - down processing is adjusted to the particular characteristics of the prime.

High-resolution electron microscopy of the atomic structure of some grain boundaries in Au

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
W. Krakow ◽  
D. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Atom Position ◽  
Structure Configuration

The successful determination of the atomic structure of [110] tilt boundaries in Au stems from the investigation of microscope performance at intermediate accelerating voltages (200 and 400kV) as well as a detailed understanding of how grain boundary image features depend on dynamical diffraction processes variation with specimen and beam orientations. This success is also facilitated by improving image quality by digital image processing techniques to the point where a structure image is obtained and each atom position is represented by a resolved image feature. Figure 1 shows an example of a low angle (∼10°) Σ = 129/[110] tilt boundary in a ∼250Å Au film, taken under tilted beam brightfield imaging conditions, to illustrate the steps necessary to obtain the atomic structure configuration from the image. The original image of Fig. 1a shows the regular arrangement of strain-field images associated with the cores of ½ [10] primary dislocations which are separated by ∼15Å.

The effect of task set on fixational saccadic eye movements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Spotorno ◽  
Guillaume S. Masson ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Task Set

Structural displacement and strain monitoring based on the edge detection operator

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lu ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Jun Teng
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Morphological Operator ◽  
Filtering Effect ◽  
Circular Target ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
The Cost

To decrease the cost of instrumentation for the strain and displacement monitoring method that uses sensors as well as considers the structural health monitoring challenges in sensor installation, it is necessary to develop a machine vision-based monitoring method. For this method, the most important step is the accurate extraction of the image feature. In this article, the edge detection operator based on multi-scale structure elements and the compound mathematical morphological operator is proposed to provide improved image feature extraction. The proposed method can not only achieve an improved filtering effect and anti-noise ability but can also detect the edge more accurately. Furthermore, the required image features (vertex of a square calibration board and centroid of a circular target) can be accurately extracted using the extracted image edge information. For validation, the monitoring tests for the structural local mean strain and in-plane displacement were designed accordingly. Through analysis of the error between the measured and calculated values of the structural strain and displacement, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed edge detection operator are verified.

Extent of compensation for variations in monkey saccadic eye movements

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Quaia ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Robert H. Wurtz ◽  
Lance M. Optican
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements

scholarly journals A Lightweight Fusion Distillation Network for Image Deblurring and Deraining

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5312
Author(s):  
Yanni Zhang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jianzhong Wang ◽  
Miao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Deblurring ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Scale Spaces

Recently, deep learning-based image deblurring and deraining have been well developed. However, most of these methods fail to distill the useful features. What is more, exploiting the detailed image features in a deep learning framework always requires a mass of parameters, which inevitably makes the network suffer from a high computational burden. We propose a lightweight fusion distillation network (LFDN) for image deblurring and deraining to solve the above problems. The proposed LFDN is designed as an encoder–decoder architecture. In the encoding stage, the image feature is reduced to various small-scale spaces for multi-scale information extraction and fusion without much information loss. Then, a feature distillation normalization block is designed at the beginning of the decoding stage, which enables the network to distill and screen valuable channel information of feature maps continuously. Besides, an information fusion strategy between distillation modules and feature channels is also carried out by the attention mechanism. By fusing different information in the proposed approach, our network can achieve state-of-the-art image deblurring and deraining results with a smaller number of parameters and outperform the existing methods in model complexity.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

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