The Dependence of Two-Dimensional Shape Perception on Orientation

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irvin Rock ◽  
Charles Schreiber ◽  
Tony Ro
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Shape Perception ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Apparent Orientation

While it is true that in daily life we generally recognize objects regardless of their orientation, previous experiments involving novel shapes indicate a decline in recognition when these are tested in altered orientation. Here the question is raised of whether there is a component of shape perception based purely on the geometry of an object, independent of orientation. By means of two tests designed to eliminate awareness of change of orientation, one more stringent than used heretofore, it was found that shape perception is dependent on orientation. The apparent contradiction between these findings and the apparent orientation-free character of recognition in daily life is discussed.

scholarly journals The relative efficacy of cues for two-dimensional shape perception

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nawrot ◽  
Elizabeth Shannon ◽  
Matthew Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Shape Perception ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Dimensional Shape

Perceptual Frames of Reference and Two-Dimensional Shape Recognition: Further Examination of Internal Axes

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T Quinlan ◽  
Glyn W Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Shape Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
Speeded Classification

Three experiments on the perception of simple four-sided two-dimensional shapes are reported. In the first experiment subjects were given a paper-and-pencil test in which they had to consider each of a set of shapes in turn. They were instructed to draw in what they considered to be the most salient axis of each of the shapes ie a line that they felt most naturally went with the shape. The results showed a significant tendency to draw an axis of symmetry if one was present. However, when presented with instances of a shape that was elongated but possessed no symmetries they failed to consistently draw any particular axis. A further, speeded classification, task revealed that for this shape explicit axis information appeared not to influence performance. In contrast, such information clearly affected performance with a shape that did possess a salient axis of symmetry and elongation. Indeed this axis was shown to be integral with the contour of the shape when a final classification experiment was carried out. The axis of elongation of the other shape acted as a characteristic which was separable from the contour. The results are discussed in relation to accounts of shape perception which assume that a necessary stage in the perception of shape is the derivation of an axis-based structural description.

scholarly journals Surface energies emerging in a microscopic, two-dimensional two-well problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgy Kitavtsev ◽  
Stephan Luckhaus ◽  
Angkana Rüland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
First Order ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Energy Scaling ◽  
Continuous Analogue ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Microscopic Modelling

In this paper we are interested in the microscopic modelling of a two-dimensional two-well problem that arises from the square-to-rectangular transformation in (two-dimensional) shape-memory materials. In this discrete set-up, we focus on the surface energy scaling regime and further analyse the Hamiltonian that was introduced by Kitavtsev et al. in 2015. It turns out that this class of Hamiltonians allows for a direct control of the discrete second-order gradients and for a one-sided comparison with a two-dimensional spin system. Using this and relying on the ideas of Conti and Schweizer, which were developed for a continuous analogue of the model under consideration, we derive a (first-order) continuum limit. This shows the emergence of surface energy in the form of a sharp-interface limiting model as well the explicit structure of the minimizers to the latter.

Dynamic Elements in the Lyrics of Fet

Slavic Review ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Šilbajoris
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Concept Of Beauty

Afanasii Fet was a poet profoundly interested in philosophy, and yet it seemed to some that his verse lacked depth of thought; a realistic and very practical man, he wrote poems remote from the concerns of daily life, immersed in the ephemeral world of nightingales and roses. The key to this apparent contradiction is the concept of beauty that is central to the work of Fet and that enables him to maintain a consistent outlook on life and on art. Fet himself described this outlook as follows: “As poetry itself is the re-creation not of the whole subject but only of its beauty, so poetic thought is only a reflection of philosophical thought, and again it is a reflection of its beauty; its other aspects are of no concern to poetry.” In other words, an artist may take into account the “whole subject” in his practical concerns and strive to comprehend all facets of philosophy in his intellectual endeavors, but his art fulfills itself only in speaking of the beautiful.

scholarly journals Development of Android-Based Appy Pie Learning Media on Mathematics in Elementary School

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Inas Sayyida Latifa ◽  
Aan Subhan Pamungkas ◽  
Trian Pamungkas Alamsyah ◽  
Indhira Asih Vivi Yandari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Expert Validation

This research aimed to develop Android-based Appy Pie learning media in mathematics subjects, especially two-dimensional shape material. Moreover, to determine the validity level of the android-based Appy Pie learning media developed and to determine the students' responses after using android-based Appy Pie learning media. This research uses the 3D model (define, design, and development) as the modification result of the 4D model by Thiagarajan. The subjects of this research were 45 fourth-grade students of SDN Rawu. The result of this research is the average score of media experts validation is 91.11% which included in the “very feasible” category, the average score of material expert validation is 98.33% which included in the “very feasible” category. The average score of the students response is 91.11% that included in the “very good” category, so it can be concluded that the Android-based Appy Pie learning media is feasible to use in the two-dimensional shape material of fourth-grade.

The effect of particle orientation and/or position on two-dimensional shape measurements

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Miyajima ◽  
Ken-Ichi Yamamoto ◽  
Masunori Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape

Design of a Two-Piece Brassiere Cup From its Data Points Toward its Automation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Yoshida ◽  
Hidefumi Wakamatsu ◽  
Eiji Morinaga ◽  
Takahiro Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developable Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Design Efficiency ◽  
Developable Surfaces ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Given ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Abstract A method to design the two-dimensional shapes of patterns of two piece brassiere cup is proposed when its target three-dimensional shape is given as a cloud of its data points. A brassiere cup consists of several patterns and their shapes are designed by repeatedly making a paper cup model and checking its three-dimensional shape. For improvement of design efficiency of brassieres, such trial and error must be reduced. As a cup model for check is made of paper not cloth, it is assumed that the surface of the model is composed of several developable surfaces. When two lines that consist in the developable surface are given, the surface can be determined. Then, the two-piece brassiere cup can be designed by minimizing the error between the surface and given data points. It was mathematically verified that the developable surface calculated by our propose method can reproduce the given data points which is developable surface.

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