Impact of Quality of the Image, Orientation, and Similarity of the Stimuli on Visual Search for Faces

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M Kuehn ◽  
Pierre Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Distractor Type ◽  
Face Representation ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Evidence from a series of visual-search experiments suggests that detecting an upright face amidst face-like distractors elicits a pattern of reaction times that is consistent with serial search. In four experiments the impact of orientation, number of stimuli in the display, and similarity of stimuli on search rates was examined. All displays were homogeneous. Trials were blocked by distractor type for three experiments. In the first experiment search rates for faces amidst identical faces rotated by 180° were examined. No advantage was evidenced in searching for an upright face. The impact of the quality of the face representation was examined in the second experiment. Search rates are reported for a line-drawn and a digitized image of a face amidst identical faces rotated by 180°. Search was faster for digitized than for line-drawn faces. The findings of the first experiment for orientation were replicated. In the third and fourth experiments the impact of disrupting the facial configuration in distractors was examined and performance was contrasted for blocked and mixed trials, respectively, with the same stimulus set. Reaction times increased with the number of distractors in the display in all but the nonface condition, which produced a shallow slope suggestive of parallel search. Search amidst other distractors appeared to involve the conjoining of a specific set of features with specific spatial relations. The hierarchy of relevant configural dimensions was inconsistent across these two experiments, suggesting that the symmetry, top-down order of features, orientation of the face, and predictability of the distractor type may have an interactive effect on search strategies.

Return on Invesment (ROI) of Software Product: A Systematic Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rizqa Raaiqa Bintana ◽  
Putri Aisyiyah Rakhma Devi ◽  
Umi Laili Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Software Product ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rational Consideration ◽  
Actual Return ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investment Models ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the software can be measured by its return on investment. Factors which may affect the return on investment (ROI) is the tangible factors (such as the cost) dan intangible factors (such as the impact of software to the users or stakeholder). The factor of the software itself are assessed through reviewing, testing, process audit, and performance of software. This paper discusses the consideration of return on investment (ROI) assessment criteria derived from the software and its users. These criteria indicate that the approach may support a rational consideration of all relevant criteria when evaluating software, and shows examples of actual return on investment models. Conducted an analysis of the assessment criteria that affect the return on investment if these criteria have a disproportionate effort that resulted in a return on investment of a software decreased. Index Terms - Assessment criteria, Quality assurance, Return on Investment, Software product

Preserving Integrity in the Face of Performance Threat

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Legault ◽  
Timour Al-Khindi ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Threatening Information ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Self-affirmation produces large effects: Even a simple reminder of one’s core values reduces defensiveness against threatening information. But how, exactly, does self-affirmation work? We explored this question by examining the impact of self-affirmation on neurophysiological responses to threatening events. We hypothesized that because self-affirmation increases openness to threat and enhances approachability of unfavorable feedback, it should augment attention and emotional receptivity to performance errors. We further hypothesized that this augmentation could be assessed directly, at the level of the brain. We measured self-affirmed and nonaffirmed participants’ electrophysiological responses to making errors on a task. As we anticipated, self-affirmation elicited greater error responsiveness than did nonaffirmation, as indexed by the error-related negativity, a neural signal of error monitoring. Self-affirmed participants also performed better on the task than did nonaffirmed participants. We offer novel brain evidence that self-affirmation increases openness to threat and discuss the role of error detection in the link between self-affirmation and performance.

Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN GERRING ◽  
STROM C. THACKER ◽  
CAROLA MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Constitutional Level ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Why are some democratic governments more successful than others? What impact do various political institutions have on the quality of governance? This paper develops and tests a new theory of democratic governance. This theory, which we label centripetalism, stands in contrast to the dominant paradigm of decentralism. The centripetal theory of governance argues that democratic institutions work best when they are able to reconcile the twin goals of centralized authority and broad inclusion. At the constitutional level, our theory argues that unitary, parliamentary, and list-PR systems (as opposed to decentralized federal, presidential, and nonproportional ones) help promote both authority and inclusion, and therefore better governance outcomes. We test the theory by examining the impact of centripetalism on eight indicators of governance that range across the areas of state capacity, economic policy and performance, and human development. Results are consistent with the theory and robust to a variety of specifications.

scholarly journals Impact of eating disorders on paid or unpaid work participation and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Safi ◽  
Anna M. Aniserowicz ◽  
Heather Colquhoun ◽  
Jill Stier ◽  
Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Eating disorders (ED) can reduce quality of life by limiting participation and performance in social and occupational roles, including paid or unpaid work. The association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance must be well understood to strengthen vocational rehabilitation programmes and prevent occupational disruptions in the ED population. The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the degree of association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance in 15-year-olds and older; (2) to highlight the specific ED symptoms that are most correlated with changes in work performance and participation; (3) to compile the most common metrics and assessments used to measure work participation and performance with ED. Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library will be searched for observational and experimental studies that meet the following criteria: (1) a clinical sample of typical or atypical ED; (2) paid or unpaid employment or training; (3) an association between ED pathologies and work participation or performance. Unpublished data will also be examined. Title and abstract, and full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments will be completed. A random-effect meta-analysis will be performed. Discussion This synthesis can clarify knowledge and gaps around the impact of ED on work functioning, thereby allowing better evaluation, improvements and development of current workplace assessments, interventions, and policies. Trial registration The registration number for this systematic review on PROSPERO is CRD42021255055.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance Role in Improving the Financial Information Quality within the Saudi Electricity Company: دور حوكمة الشركات في تحسين جودة المعلومات المحاسبة في الشركة السعودية للكهرباء

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Hassan Baabbad
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Governance System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to find out the role of corporate governance in improving the quality of information in the Saudi Electricity Company. The researcher used the descriptive survey methodology. As to achieve the study objectives، the researcher utilized the questionnaire tool، in which the study sample (50) members of SEC distributed into employees، managers and decision makers. The study concluded to many results، among of which are: there is a statistically significant relationship between the availability of corporate governance system and performance improvement of the Saudi Electricity Company، there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and appropriateness in improving the performance of the Saudi Electricity Company، it was also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and optimal disclosure in improving the performance of Saudi Electricity Company. The study also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and the right timing in improving the performance of the Saudi Electricity Company. The study suggested number of recommendations، among of which are: the importance of the shareholding companies to comply with the corporate governance regulations considering the interest of companies and their shareholders and all other parties benefiting from the financial statements، attempting to take advantage of the multiple benefits of corporate governance and expand its application in the various economic units in Saudi Arabia، conduct studies on companies that applies the requirement of the Corporate Governance Regulations، and the impact of the application of corporate governance on the shares of these units to find out the relationship between the quality of accounting information in light of the application of corporate governance and the stock market from another angle، imposing deterrent penalties concerning the Corporate Governance Regulations on companies that did not apply this regulation.

scholarly journals Social isolation and quarantine in the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on mental health and quality of population life

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e30510212535
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kiaro Leite Nunes ◽  
Karinne Alice Santos de Araújo ◽  
Thais Ranielle Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelina da Conceição Botelho Teixeira ◽  
Ieler Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about major changes in the lifestyle of the world population. Due to the lack of vaccines or a definitive treatment for disease, governments around the world have adopted social isolation and quarantine as methods to control the spread of the virus. Objective: Thus, the objective of this study was to discuss how social isolation and quarantine periods affected people's mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic between March and September 2020, establishing the following guiding question: How did social isolation and quarantine affect the mental health and quality of life of the population in the COVID-19 pandemic? Results: The final sample consisted of nineteen (19) articles, two (2) addressed depression during the pandemic period, three (3) presented the pandemic and the relationship with sociodemographic aspects, five (5) analyzed mental health in the pandemic, four (4) reported the impact of COVID-19 on the population's style and quality of life and the last five (5) demonstrated the quality of human relationships and emotional aspects in the face of the pandemic. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that isolation and the quarantine period had a negative impact on the population's quality of life and long-term mental health.

scholarly journals Psychometrics and Validity of the Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life in HIV Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L Sullivan ◽  
Paulina A Kulesz ◽  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Retrospective and prospective memory deficits are associated with lower quality of life (QoL); however, there are no validated measures that comprehensively and directly assess the impact of memory problems on QoL. The Survey of Memory-Related Quality of Life (SMRQoL) was developed as a 30-item questionnaire to measure memory-related QoL. Method Both HIV+ (n = 195) and HIV− (n = 146) participants completed the SMRQoL, a neurocognitive research battery, and validated self-report questionnaires of memory, QoL, and mood. Participants were recruited into younger (age ≤ 40 years) and older (age ≥ 50 years) groups per the parent study design. Results The SMRQoL had a unidimensional factor structure and demonstrated measurement invariance across the HIV+ and HIV− participants. Analyses of 111 clinically stable participants (e.g., persons with no incident or remitting central nervous system disorders) who returned for a 14-month follow-up visit indicated that the SMRQoL had adequate test–retest stability. There was a significant interaction of age and HIV status on the SMRQoL, such that older HIV+ participants reported the lowest memory-related QoL. SMRQoL scores were associated with validated measures of mental and physical QoL, self-reported memory and cognitive symptoms, and performance-based memory and executive functions. Conclusions The SMRQoL shows evidence of reliability and validity as a measure of memory-related QoL that can be used to assess the impact of memory problems on everyday life, but future work is needed to demonstrate the measure’s incremental value in the context of diagnosis and treatment.

The Impact of Noise on Performance in the Work Environment

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Knirk ◽  
Patricia J. Knirk
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Force

The more technology we employ to enhance the quality of our personal and professional lives, the more noise we seem to produce. The effects of this on us, both mentally and physically, can be great. In addition to the aggravation and headaches we have all experienced due to noise while working, noise can be utilized as a positive force in increasing morale and performance, or ignored and become a potential source of physical and psychological harm.

scholarly journals Using the CTC tool in establishing Mid-Levels of Expanded Outcomes Framework - A CME Provider Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Vakani, MCPS-HPE, MSc, BDS ◽  
W. Daniel Cogan, EdD, FAODME
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Physician Competence ◽  
Provider Perspective ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Existing gaps in the quality of healthcare have led to calls for change by Continuing Medical Education (CME) providers around the world to plan and implement continuing medical education activities based on improving physician competence and performance. This article offers the use of the commitment to practice change (CTC) tool at mid-levels of the expanded outcomes framework using post-only design, for inquiring and promoting physicians’ commitment to practice change, and for assessing the impact of the educational activity.

scholarly journals Władze regionalne w zarządzaniu metropolitalnym. Polskie doświadczenia w odniesieniu do Kanady i regionu metropolitalnego Toronto = Regional authorities in metropolitan governance. Polish experience in the context of Canada and Toronto city-region

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Rafał Gajewski ◽  
Iwona Sagan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Metropolitan Governance ◽  
City Region ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to present dilemmas related to shaping metropolitan policy in Canada, and then relate them to problems occurring in Poland. It is a part of the debate on seeking the right governance configurations and discourses in response to the communities’ needs. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the scales of governance and socio-spatial relations in the Toronto metropolitan area. The article has been divided into four main parts. Part one outlines the theoretical framework and the context of the conducted analyses. Part two describes the structures and processes of regional and metropolitan governance in Southern Ontario, with the earlier reference to the institutional conditions and directions of reforms characteristic of the whole of Canada. Part three of the study concerns the governance arrangements that may constitute important reference points for the scientific and political discourse taking place in Poland. Part four is an attempt to capture the similarities and universal premises that have a decisive influence on the processes of forming metropolitan structures and policies, both in Canada and in Poland. The assumption was made that, despite different historical and socio-cultural conditions, comparing Canadian and Polish experiences is justified, necessary and possible. Firstly, due to the reason that socio-spatial relations in various territorial systems are subject to the same development processes and the accompanying processes of transformation and adaptation. Secondly, residents (members of local, metropolitan, regional, national and supranational communities) have similar needs and expect a high quality of life. Decision-makers and actors of political scenes in different geographical spaces have (or may have) the same technologies, ways of information processing, access to knowledge and knowledge of socio-economic processes. They also face challenges related to the inclusion of citizens in decision-making processes. The analysis of metropolitan processes in both countries emphasizes the differences resulting from various historical and economic contexts of development and also makes it possible to identify universal mechanisms and regularities independent of these contexts. The practice of metropolitan policy proves that the process of re-territorialization of power structures and governance is shaped as a resultant of the impact of forces and interests at all levels of territorial authorities: central, regional and local. Based on the analysis of the processes of the formation of metropolitan structures in Canada and Poland, it can be stated that the rank and position of regional authorities play a key role in it. In Canada, strong regional authorities initiate actions for the shaping of metropolitan structures and formulate the scope of their competence and organization. The importance of central authorities for the dynamics of metropolitan processes is secondary in this case. The weakness of regional authorities in Poland leads to the inability to give metropolitan processes the dynamics of development and the legislative rank adequate for the role played by urban regions in the socio-economic development of the country. As evidenced by the example of Toronto, the evolution of the governance system in practice initiates the process of self-learning the system which goes from one to another phase of development, improving the quality of its operation. In Poland, however, the process of creation of governance structures adequate for realistically existing functional metropolitan areas has been stopped, notably, due to the unfavourable political decisions at the central level.

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