Stroop Interference Based on the Synaesthetic Qualities of Auditory Pitch

Perception ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walker ◽  
Sylvia Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Test Word ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Identification Decision

The equivalence of perceptual experience across the sensory modalities, most vividly observed in synaesthetes, is rarely discussed in contemporary cognitive psychology. It is suggested, however, that the concepts and paradigms of human information processing are ideally suited to test, for example, the fundamental assumption that the synaesthetic qualities of a stimulus are rapidly and automatically encoded. In a preliminary experiment subjects were asked to rate each of four auditory tones on a series of 7-point scales defined by pairs of antonyms. The results confirmed that a pure auditory tone has a range of qualities, determined by its pitch, that are shared by stimuli in other modalities. The main experiment used a paradigm based on the Stroop interference effect. Here the 50 Hz and 5500 Hz tones served as incidental stimuli and the subjects were required to respond as quickly as possible by pressing one of two keys depending on which one of four possible words appeared in the centre of the screen. Subjects were found to respond more slowly when the qualities of the tone were incongruent with the synaesthetic qualities represented by the test word. The results confirm that synaesthetic qualities of pitch are rapidly and automatically encoded and that the products of this encoding automatically interact with the mechanisms responsible for identifying word meaning and/or with the post-identification decision processes.

scholarly journals Verbal Decision Analysis: Foundations and Trends

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Moshkovich ◽  
Alexander I. Mechitov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
Verbal Decision Analysis

The primary goal of research in multiple criteria decision analysis is to develop tools to help people make more reasonable decisions. In many cases, the development of such tools requires the combination of knowledge derived from such areas as applied mathematics, cognitive psychology, and organizational behavior. Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA) is an example of such a combination. It is based on valid mathematical principles, takes into account peculiarities of human information processing system, and fits the decision process into existing organizational environments. The basic underpinnings of Verbal Decision Analysis are demonstrated by early VDA methods, such as ZAPROS and ORCLASS. New trends in their later modifications are discussed. Published applications of VDA methods are presented to support the findings.

scholarly journals Subliminal audio-visual congruency enhances perceptual pleasure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Lin ◽  
Maggie Yeh ◽  
ladan shams
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Temporal Alignment ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Relationship

Human perception is inherently multisensory, with cross-modal integration playing a critical role in generating a coherent perceptual experience. To understand the causes of pleasurable experiences, we must understand whether and how the relationship between separate sensory modalities influences our experience of pleasure. We investigated the effect of congruency between vision and audition in the form of temporal alignment between the cuts in a video and the beats in an accompanying soundtrack. Despite the subliminal nature of the manipulation, a higher perceptual pleasure was found for temporal congruency compared with incongruency. These results suggest that the temporal aspect of the interaction between the visual and auditory modalities plays a critical role in shaping our perceptual pleasure, even when such interaction is not accessible to conscious awareness.

scholarly journals Cognitive Poetry: Theoretical Framework for the Application of Cognitive Psychology Techniques to Poetic Text

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Contemporary Poetry ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical framework for the author’s experimental work in contemporary poetry, which has received the term cognitive poetry. In contrast to cognitive poetics, which applies the principles of cognitive psychology to interpret poetic texts, cognitive poetry applies these principles to produce poetic texts. The theoretical considerations of cognitive poetry are based on the assumption that one of the major purposes of creative work is to elicit an aesthetical reaction in the beholder. The aesthetical reaction to poetic texts could be achieved via their satiation with multiple meanings presented through multiple sensory modalities. Cognitive poetry employs techniques developed in cognitive psychology to explicitly address cognitive processes underlying the construction of multiple conceptual planes. The following techniques are discussed: priming, the Stroop effect, multimodal and multilingual presentations. The applications of these techniques are illustrated with examples of poetic texts produced by the author.

The Emotional Dimension to Sensory Perception

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-255
Author(s):  
Lana Kühle
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The World

This chapter considers how we might understand the effect that emotions have on the justification of our perceptual beliefs about the world, beliefs that we acquire from a variety of sensory modalities—audition, gustation, olfaction, and so on. The chapter takes the problem to be associated with one of two forms of perceptual influence: penetration or multisensory integration. In any given perceptual moment there are multiple sensory modalities and mental states at play, each affecting the overall experience. Whether we understand the influence of emotion on perception as a form of non-perceptual penetration or a form of non-visual sensory perception of the inner body—interoception—the potential epistemological difficulties remain: How can we be said to acquire justified beliefs and knowledge on the basis of such influenced perceptual experience? As has been the norm, only the five exteroceptive senses of vision, audition, olfaction, taste, and touch are typically discussed in the context of sensory perception. However, as this chapter argues, there is strong reason to accept the claim that emotional experience is a form of interoception, and that interoception ought to be considered when discussing sensory perception. In this way, then, the chapter proposes that clarifying the role played by interoception in sense perception across modalities is necessary if we are to make progress on the epistemological problems at hand.

scholarly journals Reduced Stroop interference under stress: Decreased cue utilisation, not increased executive control

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Booth
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
As Stress

Since the 1960s, researchers have been reporting that stress reduces Stroop interference. This is puzzling, as stress and anxiety typically have deleterious effects on cognitive control and performance. The traditional explanation is that stress reduces “cue utilisation”: It withdraws attentional resources from less relevant stimuli (including the distracter word), meaning that the target colour is left with a stronger influence over response selection. However, it could also be that stress somehow boosts distracter inhibition, or some other aspect of executive control. To test these two accounts, 59 students completed a Stroop task featuring occasional startlingly loud sounds (high stress) or the same sounds at a lower, comfortable volume (low stress). Alongside standard Stroop interference, two measures of executive control—negative priming and conflict adaptation—were calculated from the Stroop data. Stress produced a clear reduction of Stroop interference, but it did not influence negative priming, and no conflict adaptation effects were detected at all. These findings support the cue utilisation account. Furthermore, for the first time, stress was shown to reduce Stroop interference in a task with no congruent trials, showing that the effect does not result from stress’s modulating any strategy changes participants might make in response to congruent trials.

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Widura Imam Mustopo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Engineering Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Developments ◽  
The Way

This book was written to address the gap between problems of system design and the results of theoretical research in the study of cognitive psychology, experimental psychology, and human performance. Many of the built human-machine systems do not work optimally due to forced demands or requirements on humans as users, which is not in accordancewith the way humans observe, pay attention, understand, think, remember, and decide, as well as act, or in other terms the way people perform or process information. Over the past six decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand and model human information processing and human performance. Another purpose of this book is to show how theoretical developments have taken place and been applied to improve productivity and safety of humanmachine interactions.

Shared or Distinct Attentional Resources? Confounds in Dual Task Designs, Countermeasures, and Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Wahn ◽  
Scott Sinnett
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Task Interference ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

Abstract Human information processing is limited by attentional resources. That is, via attentional mechanisms humans select information that is relevant for their goals, and discard other information. While limitations of attentional processing have been investigated extensively in each sensory modality, there is debate as to whether sensory modalities access shared resources, or if instead distinct resources are dedicated to individual sensory modalities. Research addressing this question has used dual task designs, with two tasks performed either in a single sensory modality or in two separate modalities. The rationale is that, if two tasks performed in separate sensory modalities interfere less or not at all compared to two tasks performed in the same sensory modality, then attentional resources are distinct across the sensory modalities. If task interference is equal regardless of whether tasks are performed in separate sensory modalities or the same sensory modality, then attentional resources are shared across the sensory modalities. Due to their complexity, dual task designs face many methodological difficulties. In the present review, we discuss potential confounds and countermeasures. In particular, we discuss 1) compound interference measures to circumvent problems with participants dividing attention unequally across tasks, 2) staircase procedures to match difficulty levels of tasks and counteracting problems with interpreting results, 3) choosing tasks that continuously engage participants to minimize issues arising from task switching, and 4) reducing motor demands to avoid sources of task interference, which are independent of the involved sensory modalities.

Automation vs. Human Intervention

2009 ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Meryem Sevinc ◽  
Lawrence Locker ◽  
John D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Information Processing System ◽  
Discovery System ◽  
Automated Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary Context

In the contemporary context of knowledge discovery, the amount of information and the process itself has increased in complexity. Relevant to the present chapter is the increased reliance on automaticity in knowledge discovery. Although, there are positive benefits of automation, there is reason to believe that a process that emphasizes greater human participation may produce more meaningful results. Through a description of the human information processing system and its attributes, this chapter discusses why an analyst-centered approach to a knowledge discovery system is a desirable goal. We argue that a perspective based on cognitive psychology can serve as a useful guide in achieving a desirable synergy between automated knowledge discovery tools and the human analyst.

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