scholarly journals Reviews: Spatial Cognition: The Structure and Development of Mental Representations of Spatial Relations, Cambridge Texts in the Physiological Sciences 3. The Senses, Perception: From Sense to Object, Letter and Word Perception: Orthographic Structure and Visual Processing in Reading, Visual Form Detection in 3-Dimensional Space, Visual Information Processing

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-777
Author(s):  
N H Freeman ◽  
M A Georgeson ◽  
J R Lishman ◽  
J Harris ◽  
T Caelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Word Perception ◽  
3 Dimensional

Effects of Symbol Structure on Visual Information Processing

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Hamill ◽  
Robert A. Virzi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Array Size ◽  
Serial Search ◽  
Feature Structure

This investigation addresses the problem of attention in the processing of symbolic information from visual displays. Its scope includes the nature of attentive processes, the structural properties of stimuli that influence visual information processing mechanisms, and the manner in which these factors interact in perception. Our purpose is to determine the effects of configural feature structure on visual information processing. It is known that for stimuli comprising separable features, one can distinguish between conditions in which only one relevant feature differs among stimuli in the array being searched and conditions in which conjunctions of two (or more) features differ: Since the visual process of conjoining separable features is additive, this fact is reflected in search time as a function of array size, with feature conditions yielding flat curves associated with parallel search (no increase in search time across array sizes) and conjunction conditions yielding linearly increasing curves associated with serial search. We studied configural-feature stimuli within this framework to determine the nature of visual processing for such stimuli as a function of their feature structure. Response times of subjects searching for particular targets among structured arrays of distractors were measured in a speeded visual search task. Two different sets of stimulus materials were studied in array sizes of up to 32 stimuli, using both tachistoscope and microcomputer-based CRT presentation for each. Our results with configural stimuli indicate serial search in all of the conditions, with the slope of the response-time-by-array-size function being steeper for conjunction conditions than for feature conditions. However, for each of the two sets of stimuli we studied, there was one configuration that stood apart from the others in its set in that it yielded significantly faster response times, and in that conjunction conditions involving these particular stimuli tended to cluster with the feature conditions rather than with the other conjunction conditions. In addition to these major effects of particular targets, context effects also appeared in our results as effects of the various distractor sets used; certain of these context effects appear to be reversible. The effects of distractor sets on target search were studied in considerable detail. We have found interesting differences in visual processing between stimuli comprising separable features and those comprising configural features. We have also been able to characterize the effects we have found with configural-feature stimuli as being related to the specific feature structure of the target stimulus in the context of the specific feature structure of distractor stimuli. These findings have strong implications for the design of symbology that can enhance visual performance in the use of automated displays.

CVI Experience toolbox: Simulation of visual processing difficulties

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257
Author(s):  
Florine Pilon-Kamsteeg ◽  
Marjoke J Dekker-Pap ◽  
Gerard C de Wit ◽  
Maria M van Genderen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Slide Presentation ◽  
Cerebral Visual Impairment ◽  
Simulation Exercises

We designed a cerebral visual impairment (CVI)–experience toolbox containing simulation exercises to let professionals experience the complexity of visual information processing and to get an impression of what it means to have CVI. We measured the benefits of the CVI Experience toolbox by using questionnaires during three CVI seminars with professionals ( n = 69). These seminars started with a slide presentation on CVI followed by the CVI experience toolbox. We presented the professionals with the same survey on their knowledge of CVI at the start of the seminar, after the presentation, and after the toolbox. Professionals with more previous CVI experience started on average with a higher score. The final end score, however, did not seem to depend on previous experience. Furthermore, the added value of the experience toolset was quite independent of the added value of the presentation. The results indicate that both the presentationand the experience toolboxadd to the understanding of CVI.

Dysfunction of Magnocellular/dorsal Processing Stream in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Sergio Chieffi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Dorsal Pathway ◽  
Processing Stream ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Processing Of Visual Information

Background: Patients with schizophrenia show not only cognitive, but also perceptual deficits. Perceptual deficits may affect different sensory modalities. Among these, the impairment of visual information processing is of particular relevance as demonstrated by the high incidence of visual disturbances. In recent years, the study of neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie visuo-perceptual, -spatial and -motor disorders in schizophrenia has increasingly attracted the interest of researchers. Objective: The study aims to review the existent literature on magnocellular/dorsal (occipitoparietal) visual processing stream impairment in schizophrenia. The impairment of relatively early stages of visual information processing was examined using experimental paradigms such as backward masking, contrast sensitivity, contour detection, and perceptual closure. The deficits of late processing stages were detected by examining visuo-spatial and -motor abilities. Results: Neurophysiological and behavioral studies support the existence of deficits in the processing of visual information along the magnocellular/dorsal pathway. These deficits appear to affect both early and late stages of visual information processing. Conclusion: The existence of disturbances in the early processing of visual information along the magnocellular/dorsal pathway is strongly supported by neurophysiological and behavioral observations. Early magnocellular dysfunction may provide a substrate for late dorsal processing impairment as well as higher-level cognition deficits.

Anomalous visual experiences, negative symptoms, perceptual organization and the magnocellular pathway in schizophrenia: a shared construct?

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
SZABOLCS KÉRI ◽  
IMRE KISS ◽  
OGUZ KELEMEN ◽  
GYÖRGY BENEDEK ◽  
ZOLTÁN JANKA
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Rapid Visual Processing

Background. Schizophrenia is associated with impaired visual information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anomalous perceptual experiences, positive and negative symptoms, perceptual organization, rapid categorization of natural images and magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) visual pathway functioning.Method. Thirty-five unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy control volunteers participated. Anomalous perceptual experiences were assessed with the Bonn Scale for the Assessment Basic Symptoms (BSABS). General intellectual functions were evaluated with the revised version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The 1–9 version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to investigate sustained attention. The following psychophysical tests were used: detection of Gabor patches with collinear and orthogonal flankers (perceptual organization), categorization of briefly presented natural scenes (rapid visual processing), low-contrast and frequency-doubling vernier threshold (M pathway functioning), isoluminant colour vernier threshold and high spatial frequency discrimination (P pathway functioning).Results. The patients with schizophrenia were impaired on test of perceptual organization, rapid visual processing and M pathway functioning. There was a significant correlation between BSABS scores, negative symptoms, perceptual organization, rapid visual processing and M pathway functioning. Positive symptoms, IQ, CPT and P pathway measures did not correlate with these parameters. The best predictor of the BSABS score was the perceptual organization deficit.Conclusions. These results raise the possibility that multiple facets of visual information processing deficits can be explained by M pathway dysfunctions in schizophrenia, resulting in impaired attentional modulation of perceptual organization and of natural image categorization.

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