Effects of Posthypnotic Suggestion on Perceived Egocentric Distance

Perception ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J MacCracken ◽  
Walter C Gogel ◽  
Gerald S Blum
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Posthypnotic Suggestion

The effects of posthypnotic suggestion on the perception of egocentric distance were evaluated by two methods, one direct and the other indirect. The direct method was the verbal report of the perceived distance of the stimulus. The indirect method used a measure based on apparent concomitant motion of the stimulus with a lateral movement of the head. The indirect method, unlike the direct method, has been shown to be insensitive to cognitive biases. Two highly trained hypnotic observers received posthypnotic suggestions to see a point of light at approximately 2, 4, or 6 ft (61, 122, or 183 cm) from themselves. For each suggested distance the light was physically at 2, 4, or 6 ft. As a control, trials were completed using these same physical distances without the posthypnotic suggestions. Nine experimental trials, one for each combination of suggested distance and physical distance, constituted a trial set. One observer completed three sets, and the other completed two sets. It was found that the posthypnotic suggestions affected the direct but not the indirect measures of the perceived distances of the light.

Flow Measurement to a Kaplan Turbine Using a Direct Method and an Indirect One

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Budai ◽  
Adrian Cuzmos ◽  
Cristian Fanica ◽  
Damaschin Pepa ◽  
Cosmin Ursoniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Kaplan Turbine ◽  
A Direct Method

The paper present two different methods for measuring flow in hydropower, one direct and one indirect method. The study consists in comparing the results obtained by measurements made by both methods in a Romanian hydropower plant. The indirect method used is the Winter-Kennedy method. The other method involves direct measurement of the flow rate of water using a specialized outfit in this.

scholarly journals XIII. On the accurate measurement of ionic velocities, with applications to various ions

1906 ◽  
Vol 205 (387-401) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Transport Number ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Current ◽  
Electrolytic Dissociation ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Arrhenius Theory

According to Arrhenius’ theory of electrolytic dissociation, the conduction of the current in a salt solution is due to the presence of free ions, which, under the influence of an electromotive force, move towards the electrodes with a velocity depending, other conditions being equal, upon the magnitude of the driving force, or fall of potential. This ‘‘ionic velocity” can be determined by means of two quite distinct methods, of which one may be termed the indirect and the other the direct method. The former, or indirect method, was evolved by Kohlrausch on his recognition of the law of the independent migration of the ions, which he thus states : “ The molecular conductivity, μ, of a solution is proportional to the sum of the velocities of the anion and of the cation, μ = constant x ( u + v ).” The ratio of these velocities, u / v , had been determined many years previously by Hittorf, whose “ Uberftihrungszahl,” or transport number, p = u /( u + v ), for any salt represents the fraction of the total current that is carried by the anion.

scholarly journals Does Energy Expenditure Affect the Perception of Egocentric Distance? A Failure to Replicate Experiment 1 of Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Hutchison ◽  
Jack M. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Verbal Reports

In a series of recent studies, Proffitt and his colleagues have reported that the perceived distance to a target is influenced by the energy expenditure associated with any action, such as walking or throwing, for spanning the distance to the target. In particular, Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003) reported that wearing a heavy backpack caused verbal reports of distance to increase. We conducted a study to determine whether three responses dependent on perceived distance (verbal report of distance, blind walking, and estimates of object size) are influenced by the backpack manipulation. In two experiments, one involving a between-participants design and the other involving a within-participants design, we found that none of the three responses were influenced by the wearing of a heavy backpack.

PROTEIN “SOLUBILIZATION” AND CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM PRECIPITATION BY “CHLORINATED CLEANERS”1

1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Wright ◽  
W. S. LaGrange ◽  
Connie Dennis ◽  
E. W. Bird ◽  
D. H. Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Solubilization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Summary It has been stated that chlorinated cleansers increase the “protein solubilization” properties of cleanser solutions to which they are added (7). Chlorinated cleansers, however, are alkaline materials which increase the active alkalinity of the solutions to which they are added; this seems to have been overlooked. The study reported here was undertaken to determine whether the added available chlorine or the increase in active alkalinity was responsible for the increase in protein solubilization. Two chlorine sources were employed: Sodium hypochlorite (Chlorox) and chlorinated TSP. The approximate amounts by which these chlorine sources increased the active alkalinity (as % NaOH) at the 100 ppm and 200 ppm levels were: Chlorox, 0.0091% and 0.0199%, and chlorinated TSP, 0.0425% and 0.0800%. When the active alkalinity was the same in two solutions , there was no significant difference in the amounts of protein they would dissolve, even though one of the solutions contained available chlorine and the other did not. However, the pairs of solutions containing the same percentage of active alkalinity as the solution containing 200 ppm available chlorine solubilized significantly more protein (p <0.06) than did the pairs which contained the same active alkalinity as the solution containing 100 ppm; this is attributed to the higher active alkalinity of the former. These results were the same whether Chlorox or chlorinated TSP was the chlorine source, whether the direct or indirect method of determining protein solubilization was employed, and in the direct method, whether skim or homogenized milk was the soiling agent. On the basis of these data, the increase in active alkalinity, not the added available chlorine appears responsible for the increase in protein solubilization when a chlorine source is added to an alkaline cleanser. No calcium remained in any of the spent cleansers from the direct method of evaluating protein solubilization. In general, the amount of magnesium remaining decreased as the active alkalinity of the solution increased. There was no significant difference in magnesium content between the chlorine-containing and chlorine-free solutions having the same active alkalinity. Chlorine sources apparently minimize precipitation of hard water cations onto equipment surfaces.

scholarly journals The Preference of Direct or Indirect Methods in Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows in Decision Making: An Academic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Abdullah, S. Hardan ◽  
Majed, A. Qabajeh ◽  
Aymen, M. Alshanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Academic Sector

Two methods are used when reporting cash flows from operating activities: the direct method or the indirect method, both are acceptable from IAS with a preference of direct method. Thus, this paper examines which method of reporting the statement of cash flows provides useful information the decision makers rely on for decision making purposes. To achieve this aim, participants were selected from academic sector represented by universities professors. The study is based on the conceptual framework: qualitative characteristics of accounting information. To be useful, information must be relevant and represents faithfully what it claims to represent. In order to distinguish more useful financial information from those less useful, enhancing qualitative characteristics were examined. Results show that academic professors provide support for direct method of reporting cash flows over indirect method. The study sought to determine the effect of academic rank on these results. Evidence reveals that full and associate professors endorsed the preference of direct method more than assistant professors and lecturers. These results recommend the legislative bodies and entities to adopt the direct method in preparation the statement of cash flows.

Condition Monitoring of Combustion System on Industrial Gas Turbines Based on Trend and Noise Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Miguel Martínez-García ◽  
Mike Garlick ◽  
Anthony Latimer ◽  
Samuel Cruz-Manzo
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Experimental Trials

In this paper, a scheme of an ‘early warning’ system is developed for the combustion system of Industrial Gas Turbines (IGTs), which attains low computational workload and simple programming requirements, being therefore employable at an industrial level. The methodology includes trend analysis, which examines when the measurement shows different trends from the other measurements in the sensor group, and noise analysis, which examines when the measurement is displaying higher levels of noise compared to those of the other sensors. In this research, difficulties encountered by other data-driven methods due to temperature varying with load conditions of the IGT’s have also been overcome by the proposed approach. Furthermore, it brings other advantages, for instance, no historic training data is needed, and there is no requirement to set thresholds for each sensor in the system. The efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through experimental trials of previous pre-chamber burnout cases. And the resulting outcomes of the scheme will be of interest to IGT companies, especially in condition monitoring of the combustion system. Future work and possible improvements are also discussed at the end of the paper.

scholarly journals Теплоемкость и магнитокалорический эффект соединений LaFe-=SUB=-11.2-x-=/SUB=-Mn-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Co-=SUB=-0.7-=/SUB=-Si-=SUB=-1.1-=/SUB=- (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Н.З. Абдулкадирова ◽  
А.М. Алиев ◽  
А.Г. Гамзатов ◽  
P. Gebara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Magnetocaloric Effect ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Value Changes

The specific heat and magnetocaloric effect of the LaFe11.2-хMnxCo0.7Si1.1 intermetallic compounds (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were measured in the temperature range 80–300 K and in magnetic fields up to 8 T. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was estimated using two methods: direct method in cyclic magnetic fields, as well as an indirect method from heat capacity data. It was shown that an increase in the concentration of Mn atoms leads to a shift in the Curie temperature of the TC toward lower temperatures, while the FM value changes slightly.

Isoperimetric Problems in the Calculus of Variations

1952 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 257-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Karush
Keyword(s):  
Calculus Of Variations ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Isoperimetric Problems ◽  
End Points ◽  
Sufficiency Theorems ◽  
Theory Of Fields ◽  
A Direct Method ◽  
Problem Of Bolza

We are concerned with establishing sufficiency theorems for minima of simple integrals of the parametric type in a class of curves with variable end points and satisfying isoperimetric side conditions. The results which are obtained involve no explicit assumptions of normality. Such results can be derived by transforming our problem to a problem of Bolza and using the latest developments in the theory of that problem. More recently [6] an indirect method of proof has been published. Our object is to present a direct method of proof without transformation of the problem which is based upon a generalization of the classical theory of fields.

scholarly journals Swedish Weight Sounding: A prospective portable soil investigation tools for liquefaction assessment of residential houses in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Yusa Muhamad ◽  
Bowman Elisabeth T. ◽  
Nugroho S.A
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Torque Measurement ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
Liquefaction Assessment

National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) statistics show that the majority of earthquake affected buildings are residential houses, whereas in practice, soil investigation is rarely conducted for residential houses in Indonesia. This study is preliminary work on the prospective of Swedish Weight Sounding (SWST) for liquefaction assessment for residential houses. Material used is poorly graded sand. The number of half turns from SWST (NSW) per meter for very loose and loose clean fine sand ranges from 4 to 168 (equivalent to SPT 0-30). Liquefaction potential was assessed using an indirect method by converting NSW into equivalent NSPT and direct method. In general, the factor of safety obtained from the direct method is more conservative (thus giving lower liquefaction potential index) than the indirect method. Torque measured for material in this study ranged from 6-54 Nm, equivalent to a specific energy range from 7-70 N/mm2. Liquefaction assessment using SWST data with torque measurement also indicated the soil is liquefiable. SWST also may be able to detect sand ageing. In summary SWS has a good prospect as a highly portable and low cost investigation tool for liquefaction assessment of residential houses in Indonesia.

Measuring Firms' Financial Constraints

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-298
Author(s):  
Carlos Carreira ◽  
João Eira ◽  
Filipe Silva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Over Time

Measuring firms' financial constraints can prove to be a difficult task for researchers because it is not possible to directly observe whether a firm is financially constrained. This chapter surveys the existing methodologies to measure such constraints at firm level, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each one. In doing so, firstly, the authors review the direct and indirect measures of firms' financial constraints. Then they test the validity of the most commonly used indices using a large panel of (unlisted) Portuguese firms (2010-2017). The FCP index seems to outperform the other indices in capturing financial constraints of unlisted SMEs. This is not a surprising result, as most of the existing empirical literature on the field deals with listed (US) firms. It is not reasonable to expect that the coefficients of indices remain unchanged across countries and over time. Therefore, the authors propose their (re)estimation to apply them to different economies.

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