Effect of Peripheral Visual Field Size upon Visual Search in Children and Adults

Perception ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Age Related

Twenty observers in each of the age groups, three, four, five, and twenty-one years, were asked to identify pictures displayed through five different sizes of peephole. Recognition latency changed as a cube-root power function of aperture area. It was found that latency decreased as age and area increased. However, the exponent of the power function showed little age-related change. Effectiveness of the peripheral visual field size was discussed in terms of magnitude of the exponent.

Auditory Spatial Cueing in Visual Search Tasks: Effects of Amplitude, Contrast and Duration

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Z. Strybel ◽  
Jan M. Boucher ◽  
Greg E. Fujawa ◽  
Craig S. Volp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Spatial Cueing ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Auditory Spatial Cues

The effectiveness of auditory spatial cues in visual search performance was examined in three experiments. Auditory spatial cues are more effective than abrupt visual onsets when the target appears in the peripheral visual field or when the contrast of the target is degraded. The duration of the auditory spatial cue did not affect search performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Peripheral Visual Field Loss on Eye Movements During Visual Search

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wiecek ◽  
Louis R. Pasquale ◽  
Jozsef Fiser ◽  
Steven Dakin ◽  
Peter J. Bex
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field

Target Size and Luminance in Apparent Brightness of the Peripheral Visual Field

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Apparent Brightness ◽  
Magnitude Estimates

Four target sizes between 15 and 120 min. of arc with six luminance levels covering the range between 398.1 and 1.26 cd/m2 in steps of .5 log units were presented to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80° nasal retinal loci. In both peripheral and foveal viewing, magnitude estimates to apparent brightness judged by 12 Ss changed as a function of target size and luminance. The exponent of the power function was not dependent on retinal loci but on target size. However, when target size increased, the apparent brightness was slightly greater with peripheral viewing than with foveal viewing.

The Impact of Age on Visual Search Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manivannan ◽  
Sara Czaja ◽  
Colin Drury ◽  
Chi Ming Ip
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Visual search is an important component of many real world tasks such as industrial inspection and driving. Several studies have shown that age has an impact on visual search performance. In general older people demonstrate poorer performance on such tasks as compared to younger people. However, there is controversy regarding the source of the age-performance effect. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between component abilities and visual search performance, in order to identify the locus of age-related performance differences. Six abilities including reaction time, working memory, selective attention and spatial localization were identified as important components of visual search performance. Thirty-two subjects ranging in age from 18 - 84 years, categorized in three different age groups (young, middle, and older) participated in the study. Their component abilities were measured and they performed a visual search task. The visual search task varied in complexity in terms of type of targets detected. Significant relationships were found between some of the component skills and search performance. Significant age effects were also observed. A model was developed using hierarchical multiple linear regression to explain the variance in search performance. Results indicated that reaction time, selective attention, and age were important predictors of search performance with reaction time and selective attention accounting for most of the variance.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Eye-Movements After Central Vision Loss is Consistent with an Optimal Visual Search Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950026 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vasilyev ◽  
M. Hansard
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

The problem of gaze allocation has previously been studied in the framework of eye-movement control models, which require prior knowledge of visibility maps (VMs). These encode the signal-to-noise ratio, at each point in the visual field, which can be used to define an optimal policy of gaze allocation. However, it is not always possible to estimate the VM, in a given experimental setting, as it depends on many factors, including the visual system of the individual observer. Hence, few eye-movement datasets include the corresponding VM estimates. This can be problematic for the analysis of certain clinical conditions, such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), which are associated with reduced sensitivity in the affected locations of the visual field. The corresponding VMs are highly idiosyncratic, and cannot be modeled by estimates obtained from healthy observers. We propose an algorithm for maximum likelihood VM estimation, working directly from eye-movement sequences. We apply this algorithm to two eye-tracking datasets, based on visual search tasks, obtained from AMD patients. We show that the inferred VMs are spatially consistent with the measured visual field sensitivities. We also show that simulations with the estimated VMs can account for the asymmetric distribution of saccade vectors, which is typical of AMD patients.

Stimulus-Locked and Response-Locked ERP Correlates of Spatial Inhibition of Return (IOR) in Old Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Amenedo ◽  
Francisco-Javier Gutiérrez-Domínguez ◽  
Sara M. Mateos-Ruger ◽  
Paula Pazo-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Upper Visual Field

Behavioral research has shown that Inhibition of Return (IOR) is preserved in old age although at longer time intervals between cue and target, which has been interpreted as reflecting a later disengagement from the cue. A recent event-related potential (ERP) study attributed this age-related pattern to an enhanced processing of the cue. Previous ERP research in young samples indicates that target and response processing are also affected by IOR, which makes interesting to study the ERP correlates of IOR from cue presentation to response execution. In this regard, in the present study stimulus-locked (cue-locked and target-locked) and response-locked ERPs were explored in healthy young and older participants. The behavioral results indicated preserved IOR in the older participants. The cue-locked ERPs could suggest that the older participants processed the cue as a warning signal to prepare for the upcoming target stimulus. Under IOR, target-locked ERPs of both age groups showed lower N1 amplitudes suggesting a suppression/inhibition of cued targets. During the P3 rising period, in young subjects a negative shift (Nd effect) to cued targets was observed in the lower visual field (LVF), and a positive shift (Pd effect) in the upper visual field. However, in the older group the Nd effect was absent suggesting a reduction of attentional resolution in the LVF. The older group showed enhanced motor activation to prepare correct responses, although IOR effects on response-locked lateralized readiness potential LRP indicated reduced response preparation to cued targets in both age groups. In general, results suggest that the older adults inhibit or reduce the visual processing of targets appearing at cued locations, and the preparation to respond to them, but with the added cost of allocating more attentional resources onto the cue and of maintaining a more effortful processing during the sequence of stimuli within the trial.

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