Flexibility in the Choice of Distinctive Features in Visual Search with Blocked and Random Designs

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W J Corcoran ◽  
Alistair Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Stimulus Context ◽  
Distinctive Features

An experiment is reported which demonstrates that the features used to detect a character in arrays of similar forms are a function of the stimulus context in which the target is embedded. With the use of blocked and randomised design it was shown that prior knowledge of the background aided search when the feature which was relevant for one background was irrelevant for another, but no significant effect of prior knowledge was obtained when the same feature was useful for the backgrounds.

The Influence of Prior Knowledge on Visual Search Strategies During the Viewing of Chest Radioqraphs

Radiology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Kundel ◽  
D. John Wright
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Search Strategies

scholarly journals Effects of prior knowledge on visual search in depth

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Zou ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Jeremy Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge

Prior knowledge of category size impacts visual search

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. e13075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wu ◽  
Brianna McGee ◽  
Chelsea Echiverri ◽  
Benjamin D. Zinszer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Category Size

scholarly journals Prior knowledge of objects improves efficiency during hybrid visual search

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Aaron Johnson ◽  
John Brand ◽  
Yvette Esses ◽  
Bianca Grohmann ◽  
H. Onur Bodur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge

scholarly journals Investigating N2pc effects with the use of Prior Knowledge and Novel Information in Visual Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Austin Moon ◽  
Christine Dang ◽  
Genesis Hester ◽  
Leighanne Durrett ◽  
Alex Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge

The “item” as a window into how prior knowledge guides visual search

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wu ◽  
Jiaying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Individual Object

AbstractWe challenge the central idea proposed in Hulleman & Olivers (H&O) by arguing that the “item” is still useful for understanding visual search and for developing new theoretical frameworks. The “item” is a flexible unit that represents not only an individual object, but also a bundle of objects that are grouped based on prior knowledge. Uncovering how the “item” is represented based on prior knowledge is essential for advancing theories of visual search.

scholarly journals Greater discrimination difficulty during perceptual learning leads to stronger and more distinct representations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vencislav Popov ◽  
Lynne Reder
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Search Display ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Search Training

Despite the conventional wisdom that it is more difficult to find a target among similar distractors, this study demonstrates that the advantage of searching for a target among dissimilar distractors is short-lived, and that high target-to-distractor (TD) similarity during visual search training can have beneficial effects for learning. Participants with no prior knowledge of Chinese performed 12 hour-long sessions over 4 weeks, where they had to find a briefly presented target character among a set of distractors. At the beginning of the experiment, high TD similarity hurt performance, but the effect reversed during the first session and remained positive throughout the remaining sessions. This effect was due primarily to reducing false alarms on trials in which the target was absent from the search display. In addition, making an error on a trial with a specific character was associated with slower visual search RTs on the subsequent repetition of the character, suggesting that participants paid more attention in encoding the characters after false alarms. Finally, the benefit of high TD similarity during visual search training transferred to a subsequent n-back working memory task. These results suggest that greater discrimination difficulty likely induces stronger and more distinct representations of each character.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

The Influences of Goal and Laterality of a Prepared Hand Response on a Co-Occurring Visual Search

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Coutté ◽  
Gérard Olivier ◽  
Sylvane Faure
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Response Hand ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Manual Interaction

Computer use generally requires manual interaction with human-computer interfaces. In this experiment, we studied the influence of manual response preparation on co-occurring shifts of attention to information on a computer screen. The participants were to carry out a visual search task on a computer screen while simultaneously preparing to reach for either a proximal or distal switch on a horizontal device, with either their right or left hand. The response properties were not predictive of the target’s spatial position. The results mainly showed that the preparation of a manual response influenced visual search: (1) The visual target whose location was congruent with the goal of the prepared response was found faster; (2) the visual target whose location was congruent with the laterality of the response hand was found faster; (3) these effects have a cumulative influence on visual search performance; (4) the magnitude of the influence of the response goal on visual search is marginally negatively correlated with the rapidity of response execution. These results are discussed in the general framework of structural coupling between perception and motor planning.

Scientific Problem Solving in a Virtual Laboratory: A Comparison Between Individuals and Pairs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda A. Métrailler ◽  
Ester Reijnen ◽  
Cornelia Kneser ◽  
Klaus Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scientific Problem Solving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This study compared individuals with pairs in a scientific problem-solving task. Participants interacted with a virtual psychological laboratory called Virtue to reason about a visual search theory. To this end, they created hypotheses, designed experiments, and analyzed and interpreted the results of their experiments in order to discover which of five possible factors affected the visual search process. Before and after their interaction with Virtue, participants took a test measuring theoretical and methodological knowledge. In addition, process data reflecting participants’ experimental activities and verbal data were collected. The results showed a significant but equal increase in knowledge for both groups. We found differences between individuals and pairs in the evaluation of hypotheses in the process data, and in descriptive and explanatory statements in the verbal data. Interacting with Virtue helped all students improve their domain-specific and domain-general psychological knowledge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document