Geometric Transformations of Pictured Space

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Farber ◽  
Richard R Rosinski
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Unique Point ◽  
Geometric Transformations ◽  
Pictorial Space ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Correct Point

In general, a picture can represent a specific environment or scene only when the picture is seen from a unique viewing point. The determination of this unique point and of the distortions that occur when the picture is viewed from other points is crucial to all aspects of pictorial perception. To clarify the effects of the point of observation on pictorial space, the present paper discusses how the correct point may be calculated, provides a geometric analysis of the effects of altering the viewing point, and briefly reviews the effects of such alterations on space perception.

Pictorial space perception, body sway and eye movements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ganczarek ◽  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Marta Olivetti Belardinelli ◽  
Daniele Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Pictorial Space

Real space and represented space: Cross-cultural perspectives

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Deregowski
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Picture Perception ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Pictorial Space ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Representational Space ◽  
Perceptual Illusions

AbstractThis paper examines the contribution of cross-cultural studies to our understanding of the perception and representation of space. A cross-cultural survey of the basic difficulties in understanding pictures—ranging from the failure to recognise a picture as a representation to the inability to recognise the object represented in the picture— indicates that similar difficulties occur in pictorial and nonpictorial cultrues. The experimental work on pictorial space derives from two distinct traditions: the study of picture perception in “remote” populations and the study of the perceptual illusions. A comprison of the findings on pictorial space perception with those on real space perceptual illusions. A comparison of findings on pictorial space perception with those on real space perception and perceptual constancy suggersts that cross-cultural differences in the perception of both real and representational space involve two different types of skills: those related exclusively to either real space or representational space, and those related to both. Different cultural groups use different skills to perform the same perceptual tasks.

Movements of the Mental Eye in Pictorial Space

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Koenderink
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Pictorial Space ◽  
Psychophysical Data ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Mental Object

When an observer is faced with a straight photograph, the observer can either look at the image or look into the photograph. This manner of observing photographs presents a difference that is crucial. In the former case, the observer is aware of the photograph as a physical object in a physical space while in the latter, the observer is aware of the pictorial object in a pictorial space. This chapter focuses on the current understanding of pictorial perception and the structure of pictorial space. Pictorial space is different from physical space in that it does not exist outside of the observer's awareness. It is a thread of consciousness and a purely mental object. In contrast, the photograph as a physical object is a mere planar sheet composed of pigments in a certain simultaneous order. The concepts of pictorial object and scene is not limited to the earlier existence of a physical space that figured casually in the present existence of the photograph. The theory of pictorial space is largely derived from psychophysical data. The measurement of it depends on the idiosyncratic movements of the mental eye. It is purely an ‘intentional entity’ that makes its elusive to physiological methods and susceptible to misconception.

Relationship Between Pictorial Interpretation and Comprehension of Three Spatial Relations in School-Age Children

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine R. Silliman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
Pictorial Space ◽  
Perceptual Object ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Depth Cue ◽  
Spatial Terms

Effects on spatial term comprehension as the result of transformations in the stimulus dimensions of six pictures containing the same three figures were explored using Piaget’s concept of spatial perspective. A Modified Test of Pictorial Space (MTPS), adapted from Hudson’s (1960) studies on non-Western pictorial perception strategies, was administered to 200 children, aged 6 yrs 5 mos to 11 yrs 3 mos. The purpose of the investigation was to gather data on (1) pictorial interpretation as a function of variations in perceptual depth cue complexity and transformations in conceptual perspective and (2) order of acquisition in the comprehension of two sets of spatial terms referring to perceptual object knowledge and more advanced conceptual knowledge of object relations. Significant age and IQ, but not sex, interactions were found for MTPS performance. Data analyses also supported predicted orders of acquisition and indicated that transformation of conceptual perspective better differentiated among the age span than did either perceptual depth cue complexity or comprehension of spatial terms. Findings are discussed in terms of their methodological and substantive implications for constructing and interpreting pictorially-based language comprehension tasks.

Application of the general mathematical model for CAD modelling of cylindrical and conical worm gear drives

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
I. Dudás ◽  
S. Bodzás
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Cad Modelling ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
General Mathematical Model ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
Conical Worm

Based on the general mathematical model of Dudás [3, 4] — which is appropriate for mathematical modelling of production technology methods and various toothed gear pairs — we have generated mathematical models which are appropriate for determination of tooth surface points of face gear and worm gear connection with conical and cylindrical worm by numerical way. After doing the necessary calculations, the CAD models of the worm gear drives could be generated. Based on these there is an opportunity for rapid prototyping (RP) technology for other connection and production geometric analysis. For the verification of our calculated results, we generate CAD models of one to one given geometric conical and cylindrical worm gear drives for other analysis.

scholarly journals МЕТОДИКА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОЛЯ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ НАЗЕМНЫМ НАБЛЮДАТЕЛЕМ

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Сергей Клавдиевич Абрамов ◽  
Виктория Валерьевна Абрамова ◽  
Клавдий Данилович Абрамов ◽  
Владимир Васильевич Лукин ◽  
Василий Владимирович Бондарь ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Detection Zone ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Geometric Transformations ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Reliable Detection

The widespread use of small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) makes it urgent to control their use in the airspace over strategic infrastructure facilities. The design features of UAVs provide them with low visibility in all existing observation ranges: radar, visual, thermal, and acoustic. In this regard, for the reliable detection of such aircraft, it is necessary to use complex systems that conduct simultaneous observations in all available ranges. To optimize the location of such systems, the problem arises of determining the fields of reliable detection of UAVs for each of the means included in the system. To solve this problem for the means of visual and thermal detection based on the previously developed technique for determining the indications of the detection range based on the determination of the visually visible area of the UAV, calculated from the existing three-dimensional model of the vehicle, a new method is proposed for analyzing the characteristics of the UAV visibility for the ground observer. The application of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the example of two UAV models: ECO – with an internal combustion engine, and ELECTRA – with an electric motor. The concept of the indicatrix of the detection field is introduced, as an indicatrix of the maximum detection range, transferred from the UAV coordinate system to the observer's coordinate system by simple geometric transformations. Based on the indications of the detection field, it is possible to carry out both a direct comparative analysis of the visual visibility of UAVs and to obtain additional information from them, useful for making recommendations on the parameters of the UAV flight, in particular, the flight altitude and the direction of approach to the location of a potential observer. If there is an indicatrix of the detection field for the analyzed UAV, the calculation of the detection zone boundary can be performed automatically for any given height. This allows you to visualize information about the limits within which the UAV detection range can change depending on the direction and altitude of its flight.

scholarly journals Analysis of geometric parameters and technical requirements for pin conical joints in pump nodes

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Ivan Dehtiarov ◽  
Anna Neshta ◽  
Mykola Samardak ◽  
Vitalii Kononovych ◽  
Yaroslav Klok
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Building Enterprises

The article analyzes the causes of the situation with the appearance of manufacturing errors and the lack of the necessary technical requirements to perform a pin conical joint his intended purpose. The analysis was performed based on geometric construction of the assembly dimensional chain of two parts to be connected and a conical pin with a taper 1:50 according to GOST 9465-79, which is used in the pin joints of pumping equipment. The geometric analysis included the separation of deviations into linear dimensions and angular deviations. The values of the angular deviations were reduced to the linear values of their projections along the axis of the pin, to determine the tolerance on the end height protrusion of the pin above the surface of the connecting parts. Also, the unfoundedness of assigning the roughness index of the hole under the pin at the level of Ra 1.6 μm and its inexpediency when it is impossible to ensure the required contact length is theoretically proved and the solution of this contradiction is proposed. A detailed analysis of the technical requirements for drawings of pumping equipment units containing pin conical joints and paragraphs of the relevant standards, which resulted in the inconsistencies, and offer recommendations that will ensure the quality of the joint following its official purpose. Analysis of the geometric parameters of pin conical joints for the first time allowed to determine the dependence of the height of the pin end protrusion above the surface of the connecting parts and the tolerance for this parameter, as well as to propose mathematical dependences for their determination. The presented dependencies can be used in practice for a reasonable calculation during the design of pin conical joints in pump nodes and in machine-building enterprises where such joints are used. For the first time, the determination of the tolerance for hole size for machining conical reamers is presented, and the formula for calculating this parameter is proposed, which is given in the recommendations for their use in machine building enterprises and products containing pin conical joints.

scholarly journals Pictorial space perception and viewing distance

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
A. R. Girshick ◽  
D. Vishwanath ◽  
M. S. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Pictorial Space
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