How Good a Bet is Good Form?

Perception ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Perkins
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Projective Geometry ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Alternative Good ◽  
The Given

‘Good form’ theories of perception leave some latitude concerning how casually or cautiously order is imposed on the stimulus. Exploring this issue, the present experiment introduced a series of figures admitting up to three alternative ‘good’ readings. Eight college students estimated two angles in each of fifty-six pictured spatial forms. Theory predicted that geometrical regularities of rectangularity and symmetry would dominate their estimates. But a regularity would rarely appear when inconsistent with projective geometry and the given figure. The accuracy of subjects' estimates was also assessed. The results confirmed the hypotheses at high significance levels, arguing that such figures are interpreted through an order-imposing process restrained by projective geometry, and that subjects could make roughly accurate estimates based on the imposed order. Parallels with computer scene analysis are discussed. It is concluded that perceptual presumption of certain ‘good forms’ runs little risk of misinterpreting the stimulus.

scholarly journals Using Awareness Raising in Syntactic and Semantic Errors to Foster Translation Performance among Majmaah University EFL Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Abdel-Reheem Amin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
Efl College Students ◽  
The Given

The present study aimed at developing English as a foreign language (EFL) college students’ translation performance through raising their awareness of related syntactic and semantic errors. During the pilot study, the researcher analyzed fifty translated passages from students' assignments. The aim of this systematic analysis was necessary to build a list of their most frequent errors. Besides, a checklist was used to determine students’ level of awareness of these errors. As a result, a program based on some metacognitive strategies was developed to raise students’ awareness of syntactic and semantic errors to improve their translation performance. Metacognition awareness went through five stages of preparation, presentation, practice, evaluation, and expansion. Students worked together in the process of translation to translate the given passages. They worked in pairs to proofread their translation by identifying their errors, correcting them, and finally editing their final copy. A pre-post translation test was developed to assess students’ translation performance. Data obtained from the test was dealt statistically with SPSS software. The results indicated improvement in students' translation performance.

scholarly journals DLPFC Transcriptome Defines Two Molecular Subtypes of Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Harker Rhodes ◽  
Elijah F. W. Bowen ◽  
Jack L. Burgess ◽  
Richard Granger
Keyword(s):  
Independent Set ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Expression Array ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

AbstractLittle is known about the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia, possibly because of unrecognized heterogeneity in diagnosed patient populations. We analyzed gene expression data collected from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of post-mortem frozen brains of 189 adult diagnosed schizophrenics and 206 matched controls. Transcripts from 633 genes are differentially expressed in the DLPFC of schizophrenics as compared to controls at Bonferroni-corrected significance levels. Seventeen of those genes are differentially expressed at very high significance levels (< 10−8 after Bonferroni correction).Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) of the schizophrenic subjects, based on the transcripts differentially expressed in the schizophrenics as compared to controls, divides them into two groups: "Type 1" schizophrenics, have a DLPFC transcriptome similar to that of controls with no expressed genes identified in this subcohort while the "type 2" schizophrenics have a DLPFC transcriptome dramatically different from that of controls, with 3,652 expression array probes to 3,200 genes detecting transcripts that are differentially expressed at very high significance levels. These findings were re-tested and replicated in a separate independent cohort, using the RNAseq data from the DLPFC of an independent set of schizophrenics and control subjects.We suggest the hypothesis that these striking differences in DLPFC transcriptomes, identified and replicated in two populations, imply a fundamental biologic difference between these two groups of patients who have been diagnosed as schizophrenic.

scholarly journals The Three Reflections Theorem Revisited

KoG ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Gunter Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Projective Geometry ◽  
Euclidean Plane ◽  
Projective Planes ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Euclidean Case ◽  
Minkowski Metric ◽  
Point Reflection ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Given

It is well-known that, in a Euclidean plane, the product of three reflections is again a reflection, iff their axes pass through a common point. For this ``Three reflections Theorem'' (3RT) also non-Euclidean versions exist, see e.g. [4]. This article presents affine versions of it, considering a triplet of skew reflections with axes through a common point. It turns out that the essence of all those cases of 3RT is that the three pairs (axis, reflection direction) of the given (skew) reflections can be observed as an involutoric projectivity. For the Euclidean case and its non-Euclidean counterparts this property is automatically fulfilled. From the projective geometry point of view a (skew) reflection is nothing but a harmonic homology. In the affine situation a reflection is an indirect involutoric transformation, while ``direct'' or ``indirect'' makes no sense in projective planes. A harmonic homology allows an interpretation both, as an axial reflection and as a point reflection. Nevertheless, one might study products of three harmonic homologies, which result in a harmonic homology again. Some special mutual positions of axes and centres of the given homologies lead to elations or even to the identity, too. A consequence of the presented results are further generalisations of the 3RT, e.g. in planes with Minkowski metric, affine or projective 3-space, or in circle geometries.

scholarly journals Distance learning in the COVID-19 period

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
Indiana I. Kazieva ◽  
Elena G. Dolgova ◽  
Vadim Anatolyevich Zhukov ◽  
Marina Alexandrovna Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Economics Department ◽  
The Given

In the given article an attempt to consider new possibilities and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for university and college students is made. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data obtained is carried out. To collect data, 226 respondents studying in the RUDN economics department were interviewed. The research showed that most students and teachers perceive online learning and teaching negatively. Most students experience difficulties when perceiving online learning, they don't acquire the most part of information, lose soft skills. At the same time, remote technologies have become the tool to minimize losses in education which has been under the threat of failure for the uncertain period of time, and application of these technologies gave many students the chance to successfully graduate from universities and colleges despite the pandemic and get good jobs.

Preference for Immediate Events: Choices between Immediate and Delayed Drinks of Quinine Sulfate Solution or Tap Water

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
H. S. Bertilson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Quinine Sulfate ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Mild Electric Shock

When faced with inevitable mild electric shock to the wrist, most people prefer to “get it over with” immediately. The present experiment tested the generality of this preference by asking 60 college students to choose between immediate and delayed drinks of a bitter tasting quinine sulfate solution. The immediate bitter drink was chosen over an equally bitter, delayed drink on 88% of the trials. A control condition using tap water was also tested. Immediate tap water was chosen over delayed tap water on 84% of the trials. This is the first known study in which a nonaversive control has been used and suggests that the preference people have for immediate aversive events may be part of a larger preference for immediate events (positive, neutral, or aversive in hedonic tone).

scholarly journals Low voltage, low energy, and repetitive (4 Hz) operation of a conventional vircator for microwave emission in the range of 4–8 GHz

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Shukla ◽  
Anurag Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Voltage Pulse ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Microwave Emission ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
The Given

AbstractIn this paper, we are presenting the microwave emission results of a vircator that emits its radiation lying well-within the microwave range of electromagnetic spectrum viz 4–8 GHz and the energy needed per shot is as low as 25 Joules only. In this reported experiment, the pulse forming line is charged to a voltage of 160 kV and the measured diode voltage is 50 kV in the experiment. The primary energy is nearly 50 Joules only and hence the energy efficiency of the high voltage pulse transformer and pulse forming line combination for the given experiment is nearly 50%. The experiment is the first of its kind in establishing (experimentally) the low voltage operation of a conventional vircator, which has a planar cylindrical cathode and stainless steel mesh anode, for the microwave emission purpose. Moreover, because of the low voltage and low energy operation we could operate the whole system in repetitive mode and we could achieve as high as 4 Hz operation with this device. Interestingly, the current density of the velvet cathode used in the present experiment is nearly 300 A/cm2 in the present reported set of experiments. One interesting observation emerging out from the present experiment is that in the low voltage operation of the vircator the beam acceleration potential is relatively low and hence the axial velocities of reflexing electrons (trapped between cathode and virtual cathode) is also limited and far less than 1.8 × 108 m/s and hence with small anode cathode gaps like that of 3 mm, which is the case of present experiments, it becomes feasible to achieve radiation frequency of 4–8 GHz from the vircator.

Branching characteristics of coronary arteries in rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1453-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zamir ◽  
S. Phipps ◽  
B. L. Langille ◽  
T. H. Wonnacott
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
P Values ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study is to examine quantitatively the branching characteristics of the coronary arteries. Branching angles and vessel diameters were measured in a total of 175 arterial bifurcations in the coronary beds of rats, and the results are compared with those of 350 bifurcations in other parts of the cardiovascular system of the same species. Significant differences are found in the values of branch diameters and branching angles, both being found generally lower in the coronary bed than in other parts of the system. On statistical grounds these differences are found to have very high significance levels, with P values less than 0.02 in the case of branching angles and much less than 0.001 in the ease of branch diameters. On physiological grounds, the differences are such as to place the coronary arteries further away from the "theoretical optimum" than are vessels in other parts of the cardiovascular system. The theoretical optimum represents branching angles and branch diameters which make arterial bifurcations more efficient physiologically.

scholarly journals Don’t drink and drive, it’s a prime: Cognitive effects of priming alcohol-congruent and incongruent goals among heavy versus light drinkers

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532093416
Author(s):  
Zachary W Petzel ◽  
Jeffrey G Noel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
College Drinking ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

The present experiment assessed implicit alcohol motivations and explicit alcohol expectancies following the interaction between alcohol-congruent (i.e. social drinking) versus incongruent (i.e. driving safety) goal primes and recent drinking habits among college students ( n = 176). Heavy drinkers exhibited greater implicit alcohol approach and explicit tension reduction expectancies following social goal primes, while displaying greater implicit alcohol avoidance and explicit cognitive and behavioural impairment expectancies after driving safety goal primes. These findings indicate recent drinking habits interact with goal salience to influence explicit and implicit responses to alcohol, which has implications for the development of interventions to reduce college drinking.

scholarly journals USE OF GAME TECHNOLOGY “SUBJECT RELAY RACE” TO INCREASE THE KNOWLEDGE ACTIVITY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Olga V. Solnyshkova ◽  
Ekaterina N. Loseva
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Specialized Education ◽  
The Given ◽  
Relay Race

The article explores the possibility of using pedagogical technology “Subject Relay Race” in the process of studying the professional module “Cartographic and Geodetic Support of Land and Property Relations” among students receiving secondary specialized education. The work highlights the results of a student survey to increase the capabilities of the given pedagogical technology in increasing cognitive activity.

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