Implicit-Shape Constancy: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

Perception ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B Deregowski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Shape Constancy ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Pictorial Perception ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
African Sample

A group of Scottish schoolchildren were tested on a task intended to measure the effect of implicit-shape constancy, and the scores were compared with those obtained from African samples. It was found that both groups were influenced by the implicit-shape constancy although the influence was less in the African sample. The relationship of these findings to other published reports of cross-cultural research into pictorial perception and susceptibility to illusions is discussed.

Relation of Parental Strictness to Competitive and Cooperative Attitudes of Primary School Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 864-866
Author(s):  
Ezra K. Arap-Maritim
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study was undertaken to assess the nature of the relationship of parental strictness to competitive and cooperative attitudes of primary school children as measured by Minnesota School Affect Assessment. On the competitive items 109 boys did not score significantly higher than 119 girls but the girls scored higher than the boys on the cooperative items. Girls perceived their parents as being more strict than boys. For boys a significant correlation was found between parental strictness items and competitiveness, whereas for girls both competitiveness and cooperativeness showed significant correlation with parental strictness. The children apparently expressed attitudes about their parents that were strongly correlated to their sex differences in attitudes. More cross-cultural research on specific child-rearing variables is recommended using valid and reliable measures such as the Minnesota School Affect Assessment.

Assessing and Testing Cross-Cultural Measurement Equivalence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh V. Tran ◽  
Tam Nguyen ◽  
Keith Chan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

A cross-cultural comparison can be misleading for two reasons: (1) comparison is made using different attributes and (2) comparison is made using different scale units. This chapter illustrates multiple statistical approaches to evaluating the cross-cultural equivalence of the research instruments: data distribution of the items of the research instrument, the patterns of responses of each item, the corrected item–total correlation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability analysis using the parallel test and tau-equivalence test. Equivalence is the fundamental issue in cross-cultural research and evaluation.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

scholarly journals Cultural Homogeneity and Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Sharma ◽  
Tonmoy Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Sample Count ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The research was conducted on finding a relationship between cultural homogeneity and happiness through a cross-cultural comparison, existing literature on both culture and happiness was analyzed to understand the theoretical relationship existing between the two variables. A total of 801 samples were taken from more than 50 countries, out of which 510 identified as Female, 248 identified as Male, and about 40 identified as Non-binary. The samples were then further grouped into 4 categories on the basis of nationality and cultural homogeneity, the group which was cultural homogeneous on the basis of nationality was japan, this group had about 99 samples, there were two groups for cultural heterogeneity on the basis of nationality, they were Indian and American, the sample count for both was 270 and 99 respectively, the fourth group was an amalgamation of all the other countries in different numbers in one group to be used as a reference, the sample count of it was 223. The data was then further analyzed and interpreted to shed light on the relationship between the variables, the negative aspects of multiculturalism were found to be the reasons regarding high contrast in happiness in the inter-group analysis.

Research Methods in Cross-Cultural Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons J.R. Van de Vijver ◽  
Jia He
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Differential Item Functioning Analysis ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Bias and equivalence provide a framework for methodological aspects of cross-cultural studies. Bias is a generic term for any systematic errors in the measurement that endanger the comparability of cross-cultural data; bias results in invalid comparative conclusions. The demonstration of equivalence (i.e., absence of bias) is a prerequisite for any cross-cultural comparison. Based on the source of incomparability, three types of bias, namely construct, method, and item bias, can be distinguished. Correspondingly, three levels of equivalence, namely, construct, metric, and scalar equivalence, can be distinguished. One of the goals in cross-cultural research is to minimize bias and enhance comparability. The definitions and manifestations of these types of bias and equivalence are described and remedies to minimize bias and enhance equivalence at the design, implementation, and statistical analysis phases of a cross-cultural study are provided. These strategies involve different research features (e.g., decentering and convergence), extensive pilot and pretesting, and various statistical procedures to demonstration of different levels of equivalence and detections of bias (e.g., factor analysis based approaches and differential item functioning analysis). The implications of bias and equivalence also extend to instrument adaptation and combining etic and emic approaches to maximize the ecological validity. Instrument choices in cross-cultural research and the categorization of adaptations stemming from considerations of the concept, culture, language, and measurement are outlined. Examples from cross-cultural research of personality are highlighted to illustrate the importance of combining etic and emic approaches. The professionalization and broadening of the field is expected to increase the validity of conclusions regarding cross-cultural similarities and differences.

Yoruba toddlers’ engagement in errands and cognitive performance on the Yoruba Mental Subscale

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyomi A. Ogunnaike ◽  
Robert F. Houser
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Relationship

Responsibility training is an essential component of child-rearing practices in several African societies. To inculcate responsibility, caregivers allocate their children household duties and send them on errands; these include (but are not limited to) fetching objects and purchasing items. Such errands foster the acquisition of cognitive, social, and economic competencies. In this paper, the relationship between the types of errands engaged in by Yoruba toddlers of southwest Nigeria and cognitive performance using an adapted version of the Bayley Mental Scales of Development, referred to as the Yoruba Mental Subscale, is examined. Findings revealed that children who engaged in purchasing items and retrieving specific objects for the caregiver had a significantly higher performance on the Yoruba Mental Subscale compared to children who did not engage in such errands. With regard to performance on the Bayley Mental Scales, findings revealed no significant association with the errands examined. The implications of these findings for cross-cultural research and early childhood education are discussed.

Conceptualising and testing the relationship between actual and perceived motor performance: A cross-cultural comparison in children from Australia and Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 1984-1996
Author(s):  
Maike Tietjens ◽  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Dennis Dreiskämper ◽  
Benjamin Holfelder ◽  
Till Onno Utesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Relationship
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