Perceptual Adaptation with Selective Reductions of Felt Sensation

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wallace ◽  
James B Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Prism Displacement ◽  
Different Parts

Hypnotic anesthesia was used to reduce sensation in the adapting arm during prism displacement. Magnitude of adaptation to displacement was assessed by negative aftereffects (NA), proprioceptive shifts (PS), and visual shifts (VS). Hypnotic anesthesia for the entire arm nearly eliminated adaptation as measured both by NA and PS. This was not the case when only portions of the arm (receptor joints) were selectively anesthetized. The sum of NA when different parts of the arm were left unanesthetized at different times equaled such adaptation produced when all those arm locations were left unanesthetized simultaneously. This was also the case for PS. VS, which involved no arm movements, was not affected by hypnotic anesthesia. Support for Wilkinson's component additive model (NA = PS + VS) was found only when the adapting arm was not anesthetized.

scholarly journals Fusion of Visuo-ocular and Vestibular Signals in Arm Motor Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 1134-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Guillaud ◽  
Gabriel Gauthier ◽  
Jean-Louis Vercher ◽  
Jean Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movement ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Hand Tracking ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Oculomotor Responses

Keeping the finger pointing at an Earth-fixed object during body displacements can be achieved if compensatory arm movements counteract the effect of the rotation on the hand's position in space. Here we investigated the fusion of signals that originated from systems having different neurophysiological properties (i.e., the visuo-oculomotor and vestibular systems) in the production of such compensatory arm movements. To this end, we analyzed the subjects' performance in three conditions that differed according to the information they provided about relative target-body motion. This information originated either from the vestibular or visuo-oculomotor system, or from a combination of the two. To highlight the integration of visuo-oculomotor and vestibular signals, we compared the arm response to motion frequencies presumed to allow or not to allow optimal vestibular and oculomotor responses. When they could be used in isolation, the ocular signals allowed long-latency but precise kinematics control of the arm movement, whereas vestibular signals allowed accurate motor response early in the rotation but their contribution declined as body rotation developed. Optimal performance was obtained throughout the whole movement and for all rotation frequencies when the visuo-oculomotor and vestibular signals could be used together. This increase in hand-tracking performance could not be explained by a unimodal model or an additive model of vestibular and ocular cues, even when using weighted signals. Rather, the results supported a functional model in which vestibular and visuo-oculomotor signals have different influences on the temporal and spatial aspects of hand movement compensating for body motion.

Prism Adaptation to Moving and Stationary Target Exposures

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movement ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Prism Displacement ◽  
Availability Model ◽  
Visual Aftereffect

The magnitude of proprioceptive adaptation and visual adaptation to prism displacement was assessed for various target conditions during either observed, active or passive arm movements. Active arm movement was found superior to passive arm movement in the production of proprioceptive aftereffects and visual aftereffects. In addition, observation of a stationary target or a moving target during prism exposure produced significant proprioceptive adaptation for a passive arm viewing condition while enhancing such adaptation magnitude for an active arm movement situation. With no target present during prism exposure, significant proprioceptive adaptation was only found with active movement. The greatest visual aftereffect was produced when a moving target was observed during prism exposure. The results are interpreted in terms of an information-availability model of perceptual adaptation.

Perceiving Affect From Point-Light Displays of Arm Movements

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Pollick ◽  
Helena Paterson ◽  
Andrew J. Calder ◽  
Armin Bruderlin ◽  
Anthony J. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movements ◽  
Point Light

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

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