scholarly journals P2-16: Dual-Bound Model and the Role of Time Bound in Perceptual Decision Making

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/if676 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-676
Author(s):  
Daeseob Lim ◽  
Hansem Sohn ◽  
Sang-Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Dual Bound

scholarly journals Trial-by-trial fluctuations in amygdala activity track motivational enhancement of desirable sensory evidence during perceptual decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Paterson ◽  
Yizhou Lyu ◽  
Yuan Chang Leong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Human Participants

AbstractPeople are biased towards seeing outcomes that they are motivated to see. For example, sports fans of opposing teams often perceive the same ambiguous foul in favor of the team they support. Here, we test the hypothesis that amygdala-dependent allocation of visual attention facilitates motivational biases in perceptual decision-making. Human participants were rewarded for correctly categorizing an ambiguous image into one of two categories while undergoing fMRI. On each trial, we used a financial bonus to motivate participants to see one category over another. The reward maximizing strategy was to perform the categorization task accurately, but participants were biased towards categorizing the images as the category we motivated them to see. Heightened amygdala activity preceded motivation consistent categorizations, and participants with higher amygdala activation exhibited stronger motivational biases in their perceptual reports. Trial-by-trial amygdala activity was associated with stronger enhancement of neural activity encoding desirable percepts in sensory cortices, suggesting that amygdala-dependent effects on perceptual decisions arose from biased sensory processing. Analyses using a drift diffusion model provide converging evidence that trial-by-trial amygdala activity was associated with stronger motivational biases in the accumulation of sensory evidence. Prior work examining biases in perceptual decision-making have focused on the role of frontoparietal regions. Our work highlights an important contribution of the amygdala. When people are motivated to see one outcome over another, the amygdala biases perceptual decisions towards those outcomes.Significance StatementForming accurate perceptions of the environment is essential for adaptive behavior. People however are biased towards seeing what they want to see, giving rise to inaccurate perceptions and erroneous decisions. Here, we combined behavior, modeling, and fMRI to show that the bias towards seeing desirable percepts is related to trial-by-trial fluctuations in amygdala activity. In particular, during moments with higher amygdala activity, sensory processing is biased in favor of desirable percepts, such that participants are more likely to see what they want to see. These findings highlight the role of the amygdala in biasing visual perception, and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of motivation and reward on how people decide what they see.

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Influence the Speed–Accuracy Tradeoff in Perceptual Decision-making: Evidence from Three Independent Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles de Hollander ◽  
Ludovica Labruna ◽  
Roberta Sellaro ◽  
Anne Trutti ◽  
Lorenza S. Colzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

In perceptual decision-making tasks, people balance the speed and accuracy with which they make their decisions by modulating a response threshold. Neuroimaging studies suggest that this speed–accuracy tradeoff is implemented in a corticobasal ganglia network that includes an important contribution from the pre-SMA. To test this hypothesis, we used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate neural activity in pre-SMA while participants performed a simple perceptual decision-making task. Participants viewed a pattern of moving dots and judged the direction of the global motion. In separate trials, they were cued to either respond quickly or accurately. We used the diffusion decision model to estimate the response threshold parameter, comparing conditions in which participants received sham or anodal tDCS. In three independent experiments, we failed to observe an influence of tDCS on the response threshold. Additional, exploratory analyses showed no influence of tDCS on the duration of nondecision processes or on the efficiency of information processing. Taken together, these findings provide a cautionary note, either concerning the causal role of pre-SMA in decision-making or on the utility of tDCS for modifying response caution in decision-making tasks.

scholarly journals Confusions regarding stochastic fluctuations and accumulators in spontaneous movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Bogler ◽  
Bojana Grujičić ◽  
John-Dylan Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Spontaneous Movements

Experiments on choice-predictive brain signals have played an important role in the debate on free will. In a seminal study, Benjamin Libet and colleagues found that a negative-going EEG signal, the readiness potential (RP), can be observed over motor-related brain regions already a few hundred ms before a participant makes a conscious decision to move. If the onset of the readiness potential is taken as an indicator of the "brain's decision to move" this could mean that this decision to move is made early, by unconscious brain activity, rather than later, at the time when the subject believes to be deciding. However, an alternative interpretation has recently been discussed, the stochastic decision model (SDM), that takes its inspiration from models of perceptual decision making. It suggests that the RP originates from an accumulation of stochastic internal fluctuations. In this view the decision happens only at a much later stage when an accumulated noise signal reaches a threshold. Here we address a number of confusions regarding both the evidence for the stochastic decision model as well as its interpretation. We will show: (a) that the evidence for the role of stochastic fluctuations is highly indirect; (b) that there is little direct support for the SDM from animal studies; (c) that deterministic (non-random) processes can explain the data in a similar way; (d) that the relative components of the model have been mischaracterized leading to an over-emphasis on the role of random fluctuations and an under-emphasis of deterministic aspects of the model; (e) that there is confusion regarding the role of "urgency" and "evidence" in the SDM and its link to perceptual decision making; (f) that the question whether the decision happens early or late depends on the nature of the noise fluctuations, specifically, whether they reflect "absolute" or "epistemic" randomness; (g) finally, that the model does not explain the temporal relationship between conscious decision and neural decision. Our aim is not to rehabilitate the role of RPs in the free will debate. Rather we aim to address some confusions and premature conclusions regarding the evidence for accumulators playing a role in these preparatory brain processes.

scholarly journals Behavioural and neural signatures of perceptual evidence accumulation are modulated by pupil-linked arousal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem van Kempen ◽  
Gerard M. Loughnane ◽  
Daniel P. Newman ◽  
Simon P. Kelly ◽  
Alexander Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Processing Steps

AbstractThe timing and accuracy of perceptual decision making is exquisitely sensitive to fluctuations in arousal. Although extensive research has highlighted the role of neural evidence accumulation in forming decisions, our understanding of how arousal impacts these processes remains limited. Here we isolated electrophysiological signatures of evidence accumulation alongside signals reflecting target selection, attentional engagement and motor output and examined their modulation as a function of both tonic and phasic arousal, indexed by baseline and task-evoked pupil diameter, respectively. For both pupillometric measures, the relationship with reaction time was best described by a second-order, U-shaped, polynomial. Additionally, the two pupil measures were predictive of a unique set of EEG signatures that together represent multiple information processing steps of perceptual decision-making, including evidence accumulation. Finally, we found that behavioural variability associated with fluctuations in both tonic and phasic arousal was largely mediated by variability in evidence accumulation.

scholarly journals ‘If you are good, I get better’: the role of social hierarchy in perceptual decision-making

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Santamaría-García ◽  
Mario Pannunzi ◽  
Alba Ayneto ◽  
Gustavo Deco ◽  
Nuria Sebastián-Gallés
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals The role of imagery in threat-related perceptual decision making.

Emotion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1495-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Imbriano ◽  
Tamara J. Sussman ◽  
Jingwen Jin ◽  
Aprajita Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Behavioural and neural signatures of perceptual decision-making are modulated by pupil-linked arousal

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem van Kempen ◽  
Gerard M Loughnane ◽  
Daniel P Newman ◽  
Simon P Kelly ◽  
Alexander Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Processing Steps

The timing and accuracy of perceptual decision-making is exquisitely sensitive to fluctuations in arousal. Although extensive research has highlighted the role of various neural processing stages in forming decisions, our understanding of how arousal impacts these processes remains limited. Here we isolated electrophysiological signatures of decision-making alongside signals reflecting target selection, attentional engagement and motor output and examined their modulation as a function of tonic and phasic arousal, indexed by baseline and task-evoked pupil diameter, respectively. Reaction times were shorter on trials with lower tonic, and higher phasic arousal. Additionally, these two pupil measures were predictive of a unique set of EEG signatures that together represent multiple information processing steps of decision-making. Finally, behavioural variability associated with fluctuations in tonic and phasic arousal, indicative of neuromodulators acting on multiple timescales, was mediated by its effects on the EEG markers of attentional engagement, sensory processing and the variability in decision processing.

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