scholarly journals Individual Differences on the McGurk Effect: An Examination with the Autism Trait and Schizotypal Personality

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic780 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 780-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ujiie ◽  
Tomohisa Asai ◽  
Akihiro Tanaka ◽  
Kaori Asakawa ◽  
Akio Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Autism Trait

Neurobiological Contributions

2012 ◽  
pp. 298-324
Author(s):  
Panos Roussos ◽  
Larry J. Siever
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Emotional Information Processing

Recent advances in neurobiology have increased our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters, genetics, and brain networks in the regulation of normal behavior, individual differences in personality, and psychopathology of personality disorders. Individual differences in the regulation and organization of cognitive processes, including the experience of psychotic-like perceptual distortions and deficit symptoms, are typical in Cluster A personality disorders or schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders, such as schizotypal. Personality dimensions such as affective instability, emotional information processing, aggression, and impulsivity are typical for borderline personality disorder and other Cluster B personality disorders. A low threshold for anxiety and presence of compulsivity may contribute to the avoidant, dependent, and compulsive behaviors observed in Cluster C personality disorders. It is widely accepted that an endophenotypic approach will provide a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and clarify the underlying candidate genes contributing to these behavioral dimensions, as well as susceptibility to major psychiatric illnesses.

scholarly journals Speech and non-speech measures of audiovisual integration are not correlated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wilbiks ◽  
Julia Feld Strand ◽  
Violet Aurora Brown
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Auditory Signals ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli

Many natural events generate both visual and auditory signals, and humans are remarkably adept at integrating information from those sources. However, individuals appear to differ markedly in their ability or propensity to combine what they hear with what they see. Individual differences in audiovisual integration have been established using a range of materials including speech stimuli (seeing and hearing a talker) and simpler audiovisual stimuli (seeing flashes of light combined with tones). Although there are multiple tasks in the literature that are referred to as “measures of audiovisual integration,” the tasks themselves differ widely with respect to both the type of stimuli used (speech versus non-speech) and the nature of the tasks themselves (e.g., some tasks use conflicting auditory and visual stimuli whereas others use congruent stimuli). It is not clear whether these varied tasks are actually measuring the same underlying construct: audiovisual integration. This study tested the convergent validity of four commonly-used measures of audiovisual integration, two of which use speech stimuli (susceptibility to the McGurk effect and a measure of audiovisual benefit), and two of which use non-speech stimuli (the sound-induced flash illusion and audiovisual integration capacity). We replicated previous work showing large individual differences in each measure, but found no significant correlations between any of the measures. These results suggest that tasks that are commonly referred to as measures of audiovisual integration may not be tapping into the same underlying construct.

scholarly journals The Effects of Individual Differences on Cued Antisaccade Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisdair J.G. Taylor ◽  
Samuel B. Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Directing Attention

In the antisaccade task, pre-cueing the location of a correct response has the paradoxical effect of increasing errors. It has been suggested that this effect occurs because participants adopt an "antisaccade task set" and treat the cue as if was a target - directing attention away from the precue and towards the location of the impending target. This hypothesis was tested using a mixed pro / antisaccade task. In addition the effects of individual differences in working memory capacity and schizotypal personality traits on performance were examined. Whilst we observed some modest relationships between these individual differences and antisaccade performance, the strongest predictor of antisaccade error rate was uncued prosaccade latency.

scholarly journals What accounts for individual differences in susceptibility to the McGurk effect?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet A. Brown ◽  
Maryam Hedayati ◽  
Annie Zanger ◽  
Sasha Mayn ◽  
Lucia Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mcgurk Effect

scholarly journals Schizotypal Personality Traits and Multisensory Integration: An Investigation Using the McGurk Effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Muller ◽  
Tyler C. Dalal ◽  
Ryan A Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Lip Reading ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

Multisensory integration, the process by which sensory information from different sensory modalities are bound together, is hypothesized to contribute to perceptual symptomatology in schizophrenia, in whom multisensory integration differences have been consistently found. Evidence is emerging that these differences extend across the schizophrenia spectrum, including individuals in the general population with higher levels of schizotypal traits. In the current study, we used the McGurk task as a measure of multisensory integration. We measured schizotypal traits using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), hypothesizing that higher levels of schizotypal traits, specifically Unusual Perceptual Experiences and Odd Speech subscales, would be associated with decreased multisensory integration of speech. Surprisingly, Unusual Perceptual Experiences were not associated with multisensory integration. However, Odd Speech was associated with multisensory integration, and this association extended more broadly across the Disorganized factor of the SPQ, including Odd or Eccentric Behaviour. Individuals with higher levels of Odd or Eccentric Behaviour scores also demonstrated poorer lip-reading abilities, which partially explained performance in the McGurk task. This suggests that aberrant perceptual processes affecting individuals across the schizophrenia spectrum may relate to disorganized symptomatology.

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