Authoritarian Governance, Power, and the Politics of Rescaling

10.1068/d9s ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Swyngedouw

In this paper I critically assess the alleged process of globalisation of the world economy. Five interrelated themes are addressed. First, I argue that the ‘real’ myth of the globalisation discourse is part of an intensifying ideological, political, socioeconomic, and cultural struggle over the organisation of society and the position of the citizen therein. Second, the ‘mythical’ resurrection of the ‘local’ or ‘regional’ scale—both in theory and in practice—is an integral part of the ‘myth’ of globalisation. Third, the preeminence of the ‘global’ in much of the literature and political rhetoric obfuscates, marginalises, and silences an intense and ongoing sociospatial struggle in which the reconfiguration of spatial scales of governance takes a central position. Fourth, the ‘rhetoric’ of globalisation is paralleled by and facilitates the emergence of more authoritarian or at least autocratic forms of governance. Fifth, the proliferation of new modes and forms of resistance to the restless process of deterritorialisation-reterritorialisation of capital requires greater attention to ‘spatial scale’ in order to assess how the emerging new ‘gestalt of scale’ could be turned into an emancipatory and empowering process.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lara ◽  
A. D. McGuire ◽  
E. S. Euskirchen ◽  
H. Genet ◽  
S. Yi ◽  
...  

Abstract In northern Alaska nearly 65% of the terrestrial surface is composed of polygonal ground, where geomorphic tundra landforms disproportionately influence carbon and nutrient cycling over fine spatial scales. Process-based biogeochemical models used for local to Pan-Arctic projections of ecological responses to climate change typically operate at coarse-scales (1km2–0.5°) at which fine-scale (<1km2) tundra heterogeneity is often aggregated to the dominant land cover unit. Here, we evaluate the importance of tundra heterogeneity for representing soil carbon dynamics at fine to coarse spatial scales. We leveraged the legacy of data collected near Utqiaġvik, Alaska between 1973 and 2016 for model initiation, parameterization, and validation. Simulation uncertainty increased with a reduced representation of tundra heterogeneity and coarsening of spatial scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis of an ensemble of 21st-century simulations reveals that a minimum of two tundra landforms (dry and wet) and a maximum of 4km2 spatial scale is necessary for minimizing uncertainties (<10%) in regional to Pan-Arctic modeling applications.


2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Roman Sobiecki

Repeated crises reveal the shortcomings not only of methods of business management and economic policy, but also the non-compliance of economic theory with the real processes that take place in the world economy, and the requirements of the growth of general pros-perity. The essay deals with reflections concerning the causes of the weaknesses of economic sciences and new directions of their development.


PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Kubiszewski ◽  
Nabeeh Zakariyya ◽  
Diane Jarvis

Indicators that attempt to gauge wellbeing have been created and used at multiple spatial scales around the world. The most commonly used indicators are at the national level to enable international comparisons. When analyzing subjective life satisfaction (LS), an aspect of wellbeing, at multiple spatial scales in Australia, variables (drawn from environmental, social, and economic domains) that are significantly correlated to LS at smaller scales become less significant at larger sub-national scales. The reverse is seen for other variables, which become more significant at larger scales. Regression analysis over multiple scales on three groups (1) all individuals within the sample, (2) individuals with self-reported LS as dissatisfied (LS ≤ 5), and (3) individuals self-reporting LS as satisfied (LS > 5), show that variables critical for LS differ between subgroups of the sample as well as by spatial scale. Wellbeing measures need to be created at multiple scales appropriate to the purpose of the indicator. Concurrently, policies need to address the factors that are important to wellbeing at those respective scales, segments, and values of the population.


Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cohen

Paleolimnologists have developed an impressive track record documenting the history of human influence on lakes and their surroundings, and using these historical inferences to help policy makers establish lake and ecosystem management goals. Our ability to do this depends on both a comparative analysis of multiple lake records, and a firmly established chronology. The comparative approach to paleolimnology allows us to differentiate local phenomena resulting from peculiarities of study watersheds from regional phenomena. Comparison of records also allows the timing of events to be placed in a regional context, where explanations of processes that affect large areas, like lake acidification, regional patterns of air pollution, or landscape disturbance may be more broadly interpretable. Comparative paleolimnology allows the researcher to study the multiple effects of local to regional-scale phenomena and differentiate them from global phenomena. Closely coupled with our requirement for a comparative approach to paleolimnology is the need to place events in a highly resolved chronology, especially over the past 200 years, the period of greatest interest to understanding major human alternations of the environment. In many parts of the world, including the highly industrialized and relatively well-‘‘monitored’’ environments of North America and Europe, instrumental records of water quality are either spotty or unavailable. Until the 1960s, the number of lakes with regular monitoring programs for even basic limnological parameters was extremely small. And in regions with numerous water bodies, selection criteria for the investigation of lakes often has had more to do with proximity to major research facilities or peculiarities of road access than with the needs of society. Paleolimnological records integrate ecological signals at scales that are relevant to the interests of lake managers, who need to understand the timing and magnitude of human activities. Even when limnological monitoring is available, paleolimnological approaches can answer questions at temporal and spatial scales that are unattainable by the monitoring regime in place. The difficulty of understanding the history of human impacts on ecosystems is particularly acute in underdeveloped regions of the world, where access to monitoring equipment is limited. For lakes in these regions, paleolimnology may provide the only practical and relatively inexpensive means of reconstructing impact histories.


Author(s):  
N. Ivanov

The article deals the problems of innovative development, primarily those of accumulation of human capital that occupies the central position of the world economy of XX century. Its priority is based on revolutionary character of scientific and technological development of recent decades. This not only triggers the major breakthroughs a number of leading branches of knowledge but makes the innovations permanent. At the same time under the conditions of globalization the issues of moral and ethical norms and universal solidarity come to forefront. This makes more and more urgent the change of the developmental priorities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Blundell-Wignall

These notes are based on parts of a keynote address to the Fourth Annual Conference on Money and Finance at Chapman University on 6–7 September 2019. Quantitative easing (QE) policies have been pushed to extremes and extended well beyond their use-by dates to little plausible effect in achieving the goal of raising inflation and growth. Instead, they are damaging the interbank market (as exemplified by the liquidity crisis in September 2019), adding to the risk of financial crises in the future and taking pressure off policy-makers to deal with the real causes of poor investment, growth and deflation pressure. The shift in where investment is occurring and the special problems of Europe and Brexit are focused upon.


2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Hackmann ◽  
Xiang Yi ◽  
Anna Valeva
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Márton Czirfusz

This article discusses in detail how the division of labor at different spatial scales has been an important line of argument in both economic geography and spatial planning in Hungary since 1945. First, I outline the intellectual heritage of interwar geography, and show how the role of different landscapes in the national division of labor was regarded as a distinctive feature. Second, I discuss different ways of thinking about spatial divisions of labor after 1945. I draw a distinction between neoclassical and Marxist ways of theorizing, and their differences in the Western and Eastern European (Hungarian) contexts, respectively. Third, to emphasize the national scale in the argument, I contrast spatial divisions of labor at supra- and sub-national scales with that of the national scale, and point to the inherent theoretical tensions within socialist scholarship in economic geography. I conclude by showing how scholars under socialism used the concept of the spatial divisions of labor in discussing the future of the nation, and how overcoming this kind of reasoning might be built upon in order to understand the current embeddedness of the Hungarian economy within the spatial order of the world economy.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Кубасова

In the article the authors examine the transforming role and the place of digital technologies in the world economy and its separate segments (the real estate market). The article states that the world economy is at the threshold of the revolution of decentralization and establishment of the joint consumption economy, which has initiated development of the blockchain technology built on the institute of trust. For the purpose of determining the digitalization impact on the business system, the article uses I. Ansoff’s classical model of turbulence (ESO model). The authors have carried out its critical analysis and determined the digitalization impact on the value-conscious paradigms of the business system participants, the strategic supporting point and possible trends of transformation (potential of actions and potential of impact). The authors specify the classical value-conscious paradigms of the business system participants as applied to the terms of digitalization. The article gives an extended interpretation of the value-conscious paradigms related to the digital technologies. It uses the classification of digital technologies existing in the professional community (in order of possible impact on transformation of business) as applied to the real estate market. The authors state that in terms of digitalization and globalization of the world economy the real estate market is an element of the open economy and presents an expanded cooperation between mutually dependent partners under terms of confident relations regardless of time and territorial borders. With the purpose of identifying the digitalization impact on the real estate market, the authors carried out their own investigation using the method of expert evaluation. As a result, they state that digitalization is a determining vector of developing the present-day real estate market. They generalize the practice of using digital technologies in the real estate market that have a strong transforming impact on the business system participants at the stage of development and introduction.


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