Reviews: Ireland, the Great War and the Geography of Remembrance, Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia, the Scandal of the State: Women, Law, and Citizenship in Postcolonial India

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
Yvonne Whelan ◽  
Nicholas Blomley ◽  
Sara H Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
Native Space ◽  
The Great War

scholarly journals ‘The Menace of Effeminacy’: Medical and Popular Discussions of Masculinity in Interwar New Zealand, c.1918-1939

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ailish Wallace-Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Sexuality ◽  
Great War ◽  
Male Body ◽  
World War One ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
The Great War

<p>In January 1932, the Sydney-based lifestyle magazine Health and Physical Culture published an article titled ‘The Menace of Effeminacy’. This article, written by Carl Hertzig, and read by magazine-subscribers across the Tasman, documented anxieties around the state of men and masculinity following the upheaval of the Great War. Touching on topics such as gender, psychology, eugenics, and sexuality this article and its concerns represent those that this thesis explores in order to understand what the ‘fear of effeminacy’ actually meant for New Zealanders during the interwar years (c.1918-1939). This thesis documents and analyses contemporary discussions of male sexuality and masculinity through a series of sources in order to establish the ways in which these concepts were understood in interwar New Zealand. Firstly, it examines some of the key pieces of legislation and reports that demonstrated official approaches, and ways of thinking, towards mental defectives, sexual offenders, and those with war neuroses. It then explores medical journals, and the dissertations of medical students; and finally, it analyses parts of popular print culture in Aotearoa/New Zealand, such as magazines and newspapers, in order to investigate and piece together the landscape in which said anxieties around effeminacy, masculinity, mental stability, and other deviations from the societally prescribed norm met. This thesis approaches these primary sources in such a way that acknowledges the evolutionary framework of understanding that was pervasive in medical circles during this era.  By thus examining the connections between constructions of the male body, homosexuality and effeminacy, late nineteenth to early twentieth century ideas around eugenics, and psychology and psychiatry, this work further uncovers the state of masculinity and male sexuality in New Zealand during the interwar period. This thesis argues that the ‘threat’ to masculinity perceived in a variety of venues was a mixture of anxieties around physical and mental wounds inflicted by the Great War; population concerns exacerbated by the exposure of the health-standards of troops, and worries of how to recover and reconstruct a virile society following four years of strife; concerns at the apparent loosening of sexual mores, and the changing manifestations of both masculinity and femininity; and ever increasing interest in the psychology of self, sexuality, and society. It adds to existing work on post-World War One masculinity by centring New Zealand discussions and understandings in a way that contributes to the broader literature on New Zealand twentieth-century masculinity, psychology and psychiatry, eugenics, and male sexuality.</p>

End of the War and Aftermath

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bettez
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The University ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Gold Star

This chapter covers the Spanish flu epidemic’s effects on the state; the Kentucky Council of Defense’s conference on state problems in March 1919; efforts to commemorate war participants in various ways (such as the University of Kentucky’s Memorial Hall and local memorials); and the experience of one Kentucky Gold Star Mother, Nola Miller Kinne Fogg, on her US government–sponsored pilgrimage to her son’s grave in France in the early 1930s. The chapter also draws some conclusions about Kentucky and the Great War, including how the state coalesced in support of the war despite political, economic, and social differences.

The Institution of Conscription

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Levi
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Great War

Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Hear them calling you and me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line.George P. Cohan, “Over There” The chronicle of mass conscription in modern democracies is the story of the changing relationship between the state and its citizens, and the Great War is one of the major turning points, especially in the Anglo-Saxon democracies.The institution of conscription significantly extends the obligations of male citizens and the reach of the state.

scholarly journals Hadifoglyok és a Nagy Háború

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Oszkár Gorcsa
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
International Laws ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Multilateral Treaties

The study presents the evolution of the international laws of war, focusing especially on the Geneva and Hague Conventions, which were the first multilateral treaties that addressed the conduct of warfare. Furthermore, I attempt to answer the question of why men kept fighting, why they didn’t choose surrender instead. I also deal with the moment of capture, and the legislations regarding prisoners of war in Austria–Hungary. I also expound on introducing the situations in the austro–hungarian POW camps. Furthermore, the study depicts in detail the economic capability of the state after the outbreak of the Great War.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Philipp Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
German State ◽  
German Jews ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Agricultural Settlement

The conclusion retraces the major developments within the German Right since the 1871 and the space of German Jews within it. In particular, it describes the fate of the three projects of the Right in which German Jewish conservatives were involved: Germandom in the East, agricultural settlement, and the commemoration of the community of the trenches as a possible basis for a future German state. Though the Great War and the revolution also gave a basis, not least, for the community of the trenches, all of these projects came under strain following the establishment of the republic. The people rather than the state, race rather than soil or language, came markers of German identity on the Right and increasingly excluded Jews. The conclusion also traces developments after 1935, the analytical endpoint of the book.

Pensions, Posts, and Petitions

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-208
Author(s):  
Dónal Hassett
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Great War ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Colonial Order ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Order Set

This chapters shifts focus away from the collective toward the individual, considering how indigenous veterans, war widows, and orphans evoked participation in the war to ensure access to state provision. It examines how actors often considered marginal in the colonial order set about claiming their legal entitlements from the state. Using the correspondence between individual claimants and the colonial administration, this chapter explores the complexity of the daily negotiation between the colonized, their intermediaries, and the apparatus of the colonial state. It considers the extent to which the colonial state’s conception of its duties to indigenous rights-holders and its attempts to meet these duties overlapped and/or contrasted with claimants’ understanding of their own rights. In doing so, it exposes the variety of forms of contact between the colonial state and its subjects that emerged as a result of the Great War and that heretofore have largely gone unstudied.

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