Nongovernmental Organizations as Intermediaries for Decentralization in Bolivia

10.1068/c26m ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Writing Expertise ◽  
Ngo Effectiveness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technical Capacity

During the implementation of the 1994 Law of Popular Participation (LPP) nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) assumed a new role as intermediaries between the government and the Bolivian population. The law, at the heart of a decentralization program, transferred 20% of the national budget to municipalities, established participatory planning, and mandated oversight by grass-roots territorial organizations. In some cases, NGOs with long-term commitments to an area have served as effective planning agents, successfully assisting a relatively democratic process of decentralization, and using their project-writing expertise to find matching grants to leverage revenue-sharing funds. Perhaps most important, some NGOs have educated residents of small municipalities about their rights to participate in local planning and budgeting. At the same time, rivalries between NGOs, NGO control of planning, and the failure to establish a permanent presence in a municipality have limited NGO effectiveness. Despite these shortcomings, NGOs have the potential to help prevent local elite cooption of the LPP and the corruption found throughout the country as small municipalities develop the technical capacity to direct local development. Examination of the Bolivian experience offers lessons both on the opportunities and on the limitations of NGOs as partners with governments that seek efficient and more equitable solutions to problems of local development. This assessment is particularly important as multilateral donors and institutions have consistently used Bolivia over the past fifteen years to experiment with new policy models which they later apply elsewhere in the developing world.

scholarly journals On Ballance: a Biography of John Ballance, Journalist and Politician, 1839-1893

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy J McIvor
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Legislative Council ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The North ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

<p>This thesis is a biography of John Ballance, New Zealand's first Liberal Premier. It examines his career as journalist and politician, from his arrival in New Zealand and Wanganui in 1866 until his death in 1893. Ballance is viewed from a number of different perspectives: as editor and owner of a 'frontier' town's newspaper, as a prominent Wanganui personality closely involved in promoting local development, as Member of the House of Representatives and, finally, as a national political leader. The first chapter looks briefly at Ballance's early life in the north of Ireland and Birmingham. Chapter two then discusses his arrival in Wanganui, the establishment of the Evening Herald, and his participation in the war against Titokowaru. The following chapter begins with an examination of Ballance's attitude to political and economic issues of the 1870s, in particular his opposition to the provincial system, and ends with his entering Parliament for the first time in 1875. A little over two years later he became Colonial Treasurer in the Grey Government (chapter four). Chapter five covers the period 1879 to 1884, and Ballance's only electoral defeat, in 1881. Chapter six examines the broad base of his liberal philosophy, and shows how its different strands are inter-related, all pointing to a democratic, secular society, with considerable emphasis on individual and national self-reliance. In 1884 Ballance re-entered Parliament, and became Minister of Lands and Native Minister in the Stout-Vogel Government. His activities and initiatives when holding these two portfolios are the subject of chapter seven. Chapters eight and nine lead up to the crucial election of 1890. Ballance, after some initial hesitation, accepted the leadership of the Opposition in 1889. Land reform predominated his campaign at the election. Chapters ten to twelve discuss Ballance in power (1891-93). His major problem was to secure and consolidate the new Liberal regime, in the face of opposition to government measures from the Legislative Council and an alleged withdrawal of capital from the country. Ballance's reaction was to pursue a non-borrowing, self-reliant policy, and to establish a Liberal Federation to organise support for the Government at grass roots level. The conclusion discusses the 'Ballance tradition'.</p>

scholarly journals On Ballance: a Biography of John Ballance, Journalist and Politician, 1839-1893

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy J McIvor
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Legislative Council ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The North ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

<p>This thesis is a biography of John Ballance, New Zealand's first Liberal Premier. It examines his career as journalist and politician, from his arrival in New Zealand and Wanganui in 1866 until his death in 1893. Ballance is viewed from a number of different perspectives: as editor and owner of a 'frontier' town's newspaper, as a prominent Wanganui personality closely involved in promoting local development, as Member of the House of Representatives and, finally, as a national political leader. The first chapter looks briefly at Ballance's early life in the north of Ireland and Birmingham. Chapter two then discusses his arrival in Wanganui, the establishment of the Evening Herald, and his participation in the war against Titokowaru. The following chapter begins with an examination of Ballance's attitude to political and economic issues of the 1870s, in particular his opposition to the provincial system, and ends with his entering Parliament for the first time in 1875. A little over two years later he became Colonial Treasurer in the Grey Government (chapter four). Chapter five covers the period 1879 to 1884, and Ballance's only electoral defeat, in 1881. Chapter six examines the broad base of his liberal philosophy, and shows how its different strands are inter-related, all pointing to a democratic, secular society, with considerable emphasis on individual and national self-reliance. In 1884 Ballance re-entered Parliament, and became Minister of Lands and Native Minister in the Stout-Vogel Government. His activities and initiatives when holding these two portfolios are the subject of chapter seven. Chapters eight and nine lead up to the crucial election of 1890. Ballance, after some initial hesitation, accepted the leadership of the Opposition in 1889. Land reform predominated his campaign at the election. Chapters ten to twelve discuss Ballance in power (1891-93). His major problem was to secure and consolidate the new Liberal regime, in the face of opposition to government measures from the Legislative Council and an alleged withdrawal of capital from the country. Ballance's reaction was to pursue a non-borrowing, self-reliant policy, and to establish a Liberal Federation to organise support for the Government at grass roots level. The conclusion discusses the 'Ballance tradition'.</p>

scholarly journals Knowledge Network for Sustainable Local Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Freddy Marín-González ◽  
Alexa Senior-Naveda ◽  
Mercy Narváez Castro ◽  
Alicia Inciarte González ◽  
Ana Judith Paredes Chacín
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Deductive Inference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exchange Network ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to build a network for the exchange of knowledge between the government and production, community and university sectors for sustainable local development. To achieve this, the authors relied on the concepts of sustainable local development, social capital, the relationship between sectors or intersectorality, networks and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. Regarding the methodology, the abductive method was used. Under a documentary design, the research techniques were a content analysis of theoretical documents and the deductive inference technique. The construction of a knowledge exchange network for sustainable local development stands out as the result. It is concluded that knowledge networks for sustainable local development have positive implications in the establishment of alliances and links between the sectors that make up society.

scholarly journals Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic: An Adaptive Disaster Governance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron ◽  
Dina Ruslanjari ◽  
Djati Mardiatno
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Information Conflict

Since Indonesia reported its first case of COVID-19 in the capital, Jakarta, in early March of 2020, the pandemic has affected 102,051,000 lives. In the second week of the month, the government mandated all sectors to take necessary actions to curb the spread. The research set out to evaluate how the disaster emergency response was carried out amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY). The research employs qualitative observation of adaptive governance variables, i.e., infrastructure availability, information, conflict mechanism, regulation, and adaptation. The research analyzed primary data collected from focus group discussions with key persons at the Local Disaster Management Agency, Local Development Planning Agency, and Disaster Risk Reduction Platform responsible for the crisis and included an online survey to validate data. The research revealed that the SRY had exhibited adaptive governance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as apparent by, among others, open-access spatial and non-spatial data, extensive combined uses of both types of data, and prompt active engagement of communities in the enforcement of new rules and regulations mandated by national and provincial governments. Furthermore, during emergency responses to COVID-19, the stakeholders provided infrastructure and information, dealt with conflicts in multiple spatial units, encouraged adaptations, and formulated emergent rules and regulations. For further research, we encourage qualitative analysis to confront other types of natural disaster for the research area.

Implementation of Open Space: The Need for Uniform Policy?

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Melasutra Md Dali ◽  
Safiah Muhammad Yusoff ◽  
Puteri Haryati Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
The Government ◽  
Uniform Policy

The provision of open spaces within a residential development is often seen as unimportant. The Malaysian Government targeted to provide 2 hectares of open space per 1000 population to be achieved as a developed nation status by the year 2020. This vision can be seen as the Government attempt to ensure the sustainability of open spaces in Malaysia. The Federal Department of Town and Country Planning, Peninsular Malaysia (FDTCP) has produced a planning standard guideline to supervise the implementation of the open space policy in Malaysia. According to FDTCP; until December 2009, Malaysia has achieved a percentage of 1.19 hectares of open space per 1000 population. Achieving the standard requires commitment of local authorities to implement the open space policy. However, the adoption of open spaces policy differs among local authorities, from a simplistic general approach of land ratio techniques to an ergonomics method. The paper examines the local allocation practices using 5 different approaches and it argues that implementation of open space by local planning practices requires the knowledge of and understanding by planning profession towards a long term sustainable green objectives.

scholarly journals Un mecanismo de integración federal y ciudadana: las consultas «prenormativas» del ordenamiento constitucional suizo

2015 ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remedio Sánchez Ferriz
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Democratic Government ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Government ◽  
Territorial Integration

En las recientes reivindicaciones de mayores medios de participación democrática, como contestación a la simple participación mediante representantes elegidos, Suiza nos ofrece, una vez más, un ejemplo muy curioso. Este es un estudio sobre la regulación constitucional y legal del proceso de consultas a través del cual los ciudadanos dejan sentir su voz en todo proyecto normativo relevante. Puede ser considerado un derecho constitucional más pero, a la vez, es un mecanismo de integración territorial y ciudadana en un sistema presidido por la permanente manifestación de la voluntad popular.In the latest demands to enable an increase in popular participation in any democratic government, once more Switzerland offers a very curious example. In this study can be seen the constitutional and legal regulation for the consultation like the process in which, the citizens in Switzerland contribute in the elaboration of the law, expressing their views when the Government is preparing some important legislation. It can be considered another constitutional right; but at the same time it is a mechanism for territorial integration and citizenship in a system chaired by the permanent expression of the popular will.

scholarly journals FISCAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE SIZE AND INTER-REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC REDISTRIBUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A Ponce-Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Medina-Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Redistribute Income

Abstract Fiscal institutions, which are responsible for the delegation of tax and spending powers among different tiers of governments, are important determinants of the size and efficiency of public redistribution. In this paper we develop a comparative analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization vis-à-vis tax revenue sharing on the government’s effort to redistribute income. The main findings are: first, the size of the national budget for public redistribution is the same under fiscal decentralization and tax revenue sharing. Second, different fiscal institutions lead to different regional distributions of public transfers. Third, when choosing between decentralization and tax revenue sharing, there is a tradeoff between the efficiency and the regional effort of the government to redistribute income. Resumen Las instituciones fiscales, que determinan la responsabilidad del diseño de impuestos y gasto entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno, son importantes determinantes del tamaño y eficiencia de la redistribución pública. En este artículo, se desarrolla un análisis comparativo del impacto en el esfuerzo del gobierno en redistribuir el ingreso, entre la descentralización fiscal en y una política de compartir el ingreso fiscal. Los principales resultados son: primero, el tamaño del presupuesto en redistribución es el mismo para una economía con descentralización o en la que se comparte el ingreso fiscal. Segundo, las instituciones fiscales implican una asignación diferente en la distribución regional de transferencias públicas. Tercero, al escoger entre descentralización y el compartir el ingreso fiscal, existe un intercambio entre la eficiencia y la distribución regional de las transferencias públicas.

scholarly journals Looking Through the Mirror: the pratice of techinical assistance to social movements in Brazil seen by uruguayan experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo O. Huguenin
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Scene

The Uruguayan model of housing cooperatives emerged in the 1960s from movements in civil society. This experience was adapted to Latin American realities and arrived in Brazil in the 1980s, along with the redemocaratizac?a?o process, which made the emergence of new actors on the political scene and recon gured the action of housing movements, which besides claiming passed propose projects with popular participation. The success of the self-managed housing production depends on three factors: the government, responsible for housing policy for self-management, the organized population, which will manage the project, and tech- nical advice, support of the whole process. In this article we seek to re ect on this third factor, that is, the possibilities and limits of performance of technical advisory services in the Brazilian context. To achieve this objective, the Uruguayan experience as a case con- trol. The choice of this approach proves to be useful both to under- stand our reality, and to visualize other possibilities. The contexts of each country led to di erent forms of assimilation of housing self-management. While in Uruguay pilot experiences have result- ed in a national law regulating the housing cooperatives in Brazil had experiences in several municipalities that until 2004 did not succeed in becoming a national policy. The exponent of these ex- periences is the FUNAPS-Comunita?rio, launched in 1992 by the City of Sa?o Paulo. However, using this case as an example reduces the issue and mutes other successful experiences. Therefore, we will use the Rio experience, which although small, has peculiarities, such as the adoption of collective ownership in some cooperatives. 

Medical Diplomacy and the Battle for Hearts and Minds

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-226
Author(s):  
Michael L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
Provincial Reconstruction Teams

Medical diplomacy leverages health care to win hearts and minds, pacify war-torn communities, and gather intelligence. Charging that medical diplomacy exploits vulnerable patients, critics chastise military medicine for repudiating the neutrality it requires to deliver good care. Military medicine, however, is not neutral. But it must be effective and looking at the wars in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, medical diplomacy does not usually offer good care. MEDCAPs (Medical Civic Action Programs) and PRTs (Provincial Reconstruction Teams) fail to provide civilians with quality treatment. Suggestions for improvements abound and if medical diplomacy proves effective, then humanitarian force may utilize medicine for military advantage, pacification, and stabilization during armed conflict. At the same time, humanitarian war requires close cooperation between military forces and civilian-relief NGOs (nongovernmental organizations). Ideally, the former provides security and funding, while the latter work with local officials and stakeholders to build health care infrastructures and restore confidence in the government.

Deaf Education in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-284
Author(s):  
Kalyani Mandke ◽  
Prerna Chandekar
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Deaf Education ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Of Education ◽  
Growing Population

Given that India is a multicultural and multilingual country, there have always been challenges in educating the deaf. After independence, many legislative policies were put forth for the rights of the disabled, but the country’s fast-growing population made it difficult to cope with the demand. In the current scenario, the government of India and many nongovernmental organizations have partnered to overcome this challenge. There is more research being done in the field, and many methods of communication and educational approaches that were previously suppressed, like sign language and bilingualism, have been brought forth. Further developments in this arena are being made. This chapter throws light on the past, present, and future of education of the deaf and hard of hearing in India, the challenges that remain, and the prospects that we envisage.

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