Pollution, Political Agendas, and Policy Windows: Environmental Policy on the Eve of Silent Spring

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Solecki ◽  
F M Shelley
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
National Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this paper is to illustrate that concern over environmental pollution became a significant national issue in the United States during the late 1950s, many years earlier than is typically acknowledged by environmental historians and policy analysts. Kingdon's model of agenda development is used to document how air and water pollution was transformed from an issue of local concern and control to an issue of national significance during the 1950s. The analysis focuses on two case studies: the development of pollution as a political issue in the state of New Jersey; and the development of pollution as a significant policy issue in the national political arena. Political leaders both within New Jersey and nationwide linked pollution control to other contemporary concerns about urban decay and suburban growth in order to win the allegiance of undecided voters. Pollution control became part of the debate over the role of the federal government in addressing urban ills. Concern about pollution also became important in the general restructuring of the US political landscape in this period, helping to set the stage for Democratic Party activism on the environment and other issues after 1960.

Evolutionary Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the U.S. Air pollution Control Policy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

The purposes of this study are to examine the nature of air pollution control and available policy instruments in the United States. Focusing on command-and-control (CAC), emission tax, bubble policy and emission offset policy, this study analyzes their theoretical frameworks and limitations. The analysis of this study suggests that the U.S. air pollution control policies have been evolved to deal with economic inefficiencies from the CAC approach. Reforming the pollution policy to market incentive systems could achieve the efficiency of pollution control. Possible policy implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of domestic and foreign research status of agricultural pollution control based on VOSviewer

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Zhang Xin ◽  
Zhao Keyu ◽  
Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

Visual analysis of the field of agricultural pollution prevention and control will help researchers to fully understand the research status at home and abroad, and better fit the current situation for further research. Mothod: Web of Science database was used to retrieve 2,214 literatures related to agricultural pollution prevention and control from 2000 to 2018 as data sources, and VOSviewer software was used for visual analysis. The results showed that the research heat of agricultural pollution control showed a good upward trend; Since 2010, China’s rapid growth in the volume of publications has ranked first, while the United States has remained stable for a long time, ranking second; Chinese institutions hold eight of the top 10 spots, with the Chinese academy of sciences at the absolute center of the field; In the research hotspot, it is divided into three clusters.1# In the field of agricultural pollution prevention and control, we have the ability to effectively control nitrogen, quality and phosphorus; China has made in-depth research on sediments, heavy metals and agricultural soils.3# Indian researchers have paid considerable attention to the prevention and control of surface water, drainage basins and groundwater pollution, and carried out in-depth research work for this purpose.

Modification of NOAA's National Guidelines for Oiled Marine Mammal Response as a Consequence of the Macondo/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 986-997
Author(s):  
Michael Ziccardi ◽  
Sarah Wilkin ◽  
Teresa Rowles
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Response Network ◽  
National Significance ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The Macondo/Deepwater Horizon response was the United States' first Spill of National Significance and, as such, had significant challenges over a “normal” oil spill response effort. One complex issue in this response was the potential for a large numbers of cetaceans (dolphins and whales), manatees, and sea turtles to be impacted by the oil, as these animals were abundant in the area of oil and at great risk because of their life history, including large amounts of time spent at the surface. To address this risk and provide for response for these species, the Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle (MMST) Group within the Wildlife Branch officially became operational on April 30, 2010, enhancing the operations of the pre-existing marine mammal and sea turtle stranding response network in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Throughout the response, the Group used previously-developed National Guidelines for Oiled Marine Mammal Response, drafted in 2005, to help focus animal collection and care activities in the field as well as within established facilities and to direct collection of samples and data for assessment of the impacts of the spill, with potential use by resource trustees in criminal and civil litigation. While having pre-existing, reviewed and approved protocols to refer to greatly improved response efficiency, significant gaps became apparent in this protocol document due to the challenges associated with coordination across such a complex response and the lack of previous knowledge on how oil can affect the species impacted. Since the conclusion of the MMST effort, NOAA and associated experts have revised and updated this document to institute a more robust command-and-control system within the Wildlife Branch, to better delineate roles and responsibilities for personnel involved in future oiled marine mammal responses, and to provide more detailed information to allow local regions to better prepare for recovering and caring for pinnipeds and cetaceans should they be affected. This paper will detail these changes to this aspect of the Wildlife Branch, and provide attendees a better appreciation for what readiness and training marine mammal responders will be striving towards for future responses.

When Temporal Orbits Collide: Embodied Trans Temporalities in U.S. Prisons

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Prison Industrial Complex ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
And Control

This paper explores trans temporalities through the experiences of incarcerated trans feminine persons in the United States. The Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) has received increased attention for its disproportionate containment of trans feminine persons, notably trans women of colour. As a system of domination and control, the PIC uses disciplinary and heteronormative time to dominate the bodies and identities of transgender prisoners by limiting the ways in which they can express and experience their identified and embodied genders. By analyzing three case studies from my research with incarcerated trans feminine persons, this paper illustrates how temporality is complexly woven through trans feminine prisoners' experiences of transitioning in the PIC. For incarcerated trans feminine persons, the interruption, refusal, or permission of transitioning in the PIC invites several gendered pasts into a body's present and places these temporalities in conversation with varying futures as the body's potential. Analyzing trans temporalities reveals time as layered through gender, inviting multiple pasts and futures to circulate around and through the body's present in ways that can be both harmful to, and necessary for, the assertion and survival of trans feminine identities in the PIC.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

A STRATEGY FOR MONITORING THE IMPACTS OF COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS ON THE OHIO RIVER

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Alan H. Vicory ◽  
Peter A. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

With the attainment of secondary treatment by virtually all municipal discharges in the United States, control of water pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) has assumed a high priority. Accordingly, a national strategy was issued in 1989 which, in 1993, was expanded into a national policy on CSO control. The national policy establishes as an objective the attainment of receiving water quality standards, rather than a design storm/treatment technology based approach. A significant percentage of the CSOs in the U.S. are located along the Ohio River. The states along the Ohio have decided to coordinate their CSO control efforts through the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). With the Commission assigned the responsibility of developing a monitoring approach which would allow the definition of CSO impacts on the Ohio, research by the Commission found that very little information existed on the monitoring and assessment of large rivers for the determination of CSO impacts. It was therefore necessary to develop a strategy for coordinated efforts by the states, the CSO dischargers, and ORSANCO to identify and apply appropriate monitoring approaches. A workshop was held in June 1993 to receive input from a variety of experts. Taking into account this input, a strategy has been developed which sets forth certain approaches and concepts to be considered in assessing CSO impacts. In addition, the strategy calls for frequent sharing of findings in order that the data collection efforts by the several agencies can be mutually supportive and lead to technically sound answers regarding CSO impacts and control needs.

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