Economic Development in Taiwan: Escaping the State—Market Dichotomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chan ◽  
C Clark
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development

The case of a very successful developing country—Taiwan—is examined in order to assess the importance of market phenomena and governmental policy leadership for promoting development. In their analysis of postwar Taiwan, therefore, the authors reject the temptation to dichotomize ‘state versus market’, and instead argue strongly in favor of a ‘state and market’ approach. The ability to accommodate and manipulate economic market forces was central to Taiwan's economic miracle because the island's businesses became highly competitive on world markets and carved out a niche of comparative advantage in the global economy. Much of the credit for this, furthermore, rests with the flexible production of small private firms. However, the state also played a significant role in boosting the island's competitiveness by promoting several structural transformations of the economy, creating a good business environment for entrepreneurs, channeling foreign capital into a few vital sectors, and financing infrastructure and human capital development. A key factor in the state's positive role, in turn, appears to be regime autonomy. That is, until quite recently, the government has been rather autonomous from social forces and unconstrained by electoral politics and popular accountability.

Development of higher education in the modern economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Наталья Новикова ◽  
Natalya Novikova ◽  
Ирина Мухоморова ◽  
Irina Mukhomorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Professional Fields

Modernization in Russia is objectively dictated by the tightening of global competition between countries and the need for structural optimization of the domestic economy. In today´s environment the results of the modernization of the Russian economy influence directly on the welfare of the country in the future, elimination of the technological gap, improving efficiency in all sectors of the economy and professional fields. The process of modernization is aimed at solving a minimum of three tasks: to ensure structural balance of the national economy; technological innovation; the formation of an innovative model of economic development. Formation of such a model of the economy implies an increase in the economy of knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries. With two possible and mutually exclusive approaches to the state economy modernization and technological development, autocratic and democratic, the latter is the most effective, since upgrading cannot be achieved without direct participation of business, civil society and individual citizens with a high level of competence of the government. Federal authorities at the same time play the role of a facilitator, providing legal, organizational and financial support, and as well as a system of processes. Economic modernization and technological development will require training of skilled human capital, which may be provided by the proper functioning of the system of education in Russia. Development of education should be coordinated with social and economic development, and activities of educational institutions should be integrated into innovation processes at the national and regional levels. High importance in solving these problems is given to the development of mechanisms of interaction of educational institutions with the business environment, general public and to changing the format of relations with the state education authorities.

scholarly journals Directions for improving logistics activities in Russia in the imperative of developing export potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Agamagomedova ◽  
Vladimir Kovarda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Logistics Performance Index

The expansion of international trade and the dynamism of the geography of foreign trade operations are pushing for the transformation of the transport and logistics system of foreign economic activity. The current stage of development of the world economy highlights the country's transport and logistics system as a key factor of competition in world markets, which entails a confrontation between national states for the formation/participation, for example, of transit routes for the movement of goods. In these conditions, the objects of transport and logistics infrastructure, the degree of their development, and the dynamics of investment are of exceptional importance. In this area, Russia lags behind the advanced economically developed and developing countries, and the volume of investment is significantly lower than many economies in the world. In this regard, there is an opinion in the scientific community that the logistics of foreign trade in Russia without forced growth can become a deterrent to the development of the country's export potential. As a result of the study, it was identified as relatively insufficient (in accordance with international standards) the cost of logistics infrastructure facilities, as well as a limited amount of investment, which is a key factor constraining the development of the industry. In addition to the above, there is a shortage of competent personnel in this area, and it is also necessary to improve the system of training of relevant employees. As a result, as of 2018, Russia ranked only 75th (out of 160 countries) in the world in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) rating, which, despite the dynamics, is extremely low for a state with wide export and transit opportunities. In the second part of the paper, the main ways of developing Russia's export potential through improving transport and logistics activities are formulated. Among all areas, special attention should be paid to the processes of investing in the creation or modernization of logistics infrastructure facilities through the formation of a financing system based on public-private partnership mechanisms. In this aspect, it is extremely important to develop both the state mechanism of digital traceability of the movement of goods in the transport chains, and private ones. At the same time, from the position of the state, efforts should be directed to the transformation of the business environment in the vector of barrier-free conditions.

scholarly journals State Reluctance towards Inclusive Policies in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mansoor Mohamed Fazil ◽  
Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar ◽  
Mohamed Bazeer Safna Sakki ◽  
Thaharadeen Fathima Sajeetha ◽  
Vimalasiri Kamalasiri
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
International Power ◽  
The Government

This study aims to identify the factors preventing the state from responding in a manner that will avoid future conflict in post-civil war Sri Lanka. After the government ended the separatist struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by bringing the civil war to an end in May 2009, the protracted and destructive 30-year war presented an opportunity for both state and society to learn many useful lessons from the long war. These lessons could have enabled the government to reconstitute the state as an inclusive institution, one in which minorities could also participate to ensure just and equitable development for all Sri Lankans. This study uses a qualitative research approach that involves analysis of critical categories. Findings of this study offer some crucial insights about Sri Lanka’s ethnic politics, particularly, the various factors have influenced the state to avoid inclusive policies. The key factor is the dilemma of post-independent political culture or traditions amongst ruling elites resulted in the avoidance of inclusive policies. This study also reveals some other factors that contestations between different social forces within society, within the state, and between the state and society still prevail in Sri Lanka, hampering the institution of inclusive policies. Further, the paper highlights the failure of India and the International Community to pressurize the state of Sri Lanka to introduce inclusive mechanisms due to international power balance (China factor).

scholarly journals A biopolítica e o governo da vida: o mercado econômico em Michel Foucault / The biopolitic and the government of life: the economic market in Michel Foucault

Profanações ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar y Soler
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Capacity

Em o Nascimento da Biopolítica, Foucault trata de analisar as emergências e proveniências do mercado econômico compreendido como modo de veridicção a partir na nossa sociedade ocidental desde seu aparecimento junto à pastoral da carne cristã, passando pela razão de Estado moderna, até o neoliberalismo. O presente ensaio procura rastrear os desdobramentos de tal conceito no sentido de pensá-lo como um modelo de governança segundo o qual se produz, no mundo contemporâneo uma governamentalização voltada para o cambiante fluxo dos indicadores econômicos responsáveis por estabelecer as regras do que se considera bom ou mau governo. Ocorre que, ao constituir-se como prática refletida de governo, o mercado econômico acaba por operar como um dispositivo de assujeitamento das condutas tornando refém de seus indicadores não somente o Estado e suas instituições, mas os próprios sujeitos que não reconhecem outro elemento ético senão aqueles provenientes da capacidade econômica do mercado gerenciar o que deve viver e do que deve morrer.AbstractIn Birth of Biopolitics, Foucault tries to analyze the emergencies and provenances of the economic market understood as a way of veridiction from our western society from its appearance with the pastoral of Christian meat, through the modern state reason, to neoliberalism doctrine. The present papper tries to trace the consequences of such a concept in the sense of thinking of it as a model of governance according to which, in the contemporary world, governmentalization is focused on the changing flow of economic indicators responsible for establishing the rules of what is considered good or bad government. It happens that, as a reflected practice of government, the economic market ends up operating as a device for assujeitamento conducting hostage of its indicators not only the State and its institutions, but the subjects themselves who do not recognize another ethical element otherwise those from the economic capacity of the market manage what must live and what must die.

scholarly journals A Strategy of Economic and Industrial Development of Russia in the Worldwide Instability Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
I. S. Tsypin ◽  
S. I. Tsypina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Government

The subject of the researchis the development of the Russian economy through enhancing its management efficiency.The relevanceof the problem is caused by the need to overcome the slow economic development before 2024–2030 as well as by fundamental changes in the global economy associated with the collapse of the globalization policy and the transition to the state protectionism, which requires changing the approach to the domestic economy management. Other important factors are a variety of economic development strategies available and the need to choose and justify an optimum strategy for the development of Russia.The purpose of the researchwas the development of a sound economic strategy and guidelines for its implementation with account for aggregate influencing factors. A comprehensive strategy for the development of the national economy is proposed based on the optimal combination of defense-industrial, resource, stabilization and innovation strategies while taking into account the specifics of Russia. To evaluate the condition and prospects of the Russian economic development, two groups of factors have been identified: external economic and internal economic. With account for their impact, the guidelines for the integrated economic strategy implementation are proposed. As a result of the research findings,it is concludedthat to achieve the goals set it is reasonable to ensure the balanced development of foreign economic relations based on joint large-scale international investment projects; increase the manufacturing and exports of hightech and deep processing products; ensure intensive growth of labor productivity and product quality based on industry modernization. The research was based on studying and analyzing information from domestic and foreign sources, Presidential decrees, resolutions and decisions of the State Duma and the Government, materials of the Russian Statistical Service (Rosstat) and relevant periodicals. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, selection of the main link and classification were used. The results of the research can be helpful in the implementation of the economic development strategy and for management of structural transformations.

scholarly journals The consequences of the Cuban embargo escalation driven by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
J. L. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Monetary Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The world economy is facing an unprecedented crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the real scale of the imminent crisis of neoliberal model, accelerating its development and aggravating its consequences. The situation in the global economy had a negative impact on the Cuban economy, especially since it coincided with tightening of economic embargo by Donald Trump Administration against Cuba launched more than 60 years ago. This article provides a preliminary assessment of the consequences of the crisis bearing in mind that the damage will depend upon duration and intensity of the pandemic around the world. Given the open nature of the Cuban economy, the estimates are based on the projected dynamics of the global economy. In the first part of the article the author, relying on extensive statistics, analyzes international context in which the economic situation in Cuba is developing, as well as the key obstacles to the country’s economic development. Further on, the author examines in detail the course of COVID-19 pandemic development in the country, assessing key peculiarities of the government program to combat the virus. The author also makes a detailed analysis of the government program for economic recovery and development, paying specific attention to the peculiarities of the monetary regime in force in Cuba. In the final part of the article the author provides an analysis of the main priorities of the government at the present stage, namely, increasing foreign exchange earnings, food production and improving the efficiency of capital investments, especially foreign direct investments. The author concludes that the key factor for Cuba development will be the effectiveness of application of the economic policy approved by the government and promptness of the reforms that are required to overcome existing obstacles.

scholarly journals Assessment of the State of Competition in Ukraine by the Results of a Survey of Domestic Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
M. POTAPOVA ◽  
V. TALAKH ◽  
L. OPANASENKO
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
The Government

Formation and implementation of the state competition policy requires a clear understanding of the current state of the competitive environment, and the effectiveness of previous measures taken by the government. The article studies the state of the competitive environment in Ukraine based on the results of a survey of business executives, conducted annually by the Centre of Complex Research in Antimonopoly Policy. Responses of the executives allow assessing the degree of competition in the business environment. The survey finds that in Ukraine domestic competition is more important than competition from foreign companies. Although significant and moderate competition from domestic and foreign firms was felt by 73.5% and 35.3% of respondents, respectively, only 25.6% and 15.1% noted that competition resulted in lower prices and costs. Therefore, nowadays the most acute problem is not so much the presence of competition in domestic markets, but the effectiveness of competition policy. The survey conducted a research of respondents' assessment of the level of dominance in the region using the method of the World Economic Forum. A quarter of respondents said in 2019 that competition policy in their region was partially effective and stimulated competition in individual market segments. The results of the study showed an improvement in the enterprises' evaluation of the effectiveness of the state competition policy, which includes, first of all, the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. The analysis can be used in the development of competition policy documents.

scholarly journals MEMBANGUN DAYA SAING TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA MELALUI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Latif Adam
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Government

This paper analyzes current status of the Indonesian labor competitiveness in its ASEAN labor competitiveness context. Labor competitiveness is a key factor that could facilitate and accelerate an economy’s competitiveness. This plays an important role as the main engine of economic growth. Data used is secondary data from the Asian Productivity Organization (APO), ILO, UNDP, and Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia. By using descriptive analysis and harnessing labor productivity as a proxy for labor competitiveness, it was found that the position and acceleration of the Indonesian labor competitiveness lag behind those in its several ASEAN neighbors. Main policy challenge that need to be addresed is to reform human resource development strategy with a long-term gradually and simultaneously with efforts to find solutions to the problems of labor competitiveness in the short-medium term. In addition to improving the educational system and resolve skills improvement programs, the government needs to strengthen the integration of its national economy into the global economy as the driving force of skilled labor mobility and channel for knowledge and skills transfers.

scholarly journals Reasons of Unethical Business Practices in Slovakia: The Perspective of Non‑Governmental Organizations’ Representatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Anna Remišová ◽  
Anna Lašáková ◽  
Alexandra Bohinská
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

After the fall of communism, the first non‑governmental organizations (NGOs) were established in Slovakia in the 1990’s. Since then, our NGOs have played an important role in promoting business ethics even though it was originally not part of their primary mission. Given that, we held semi‑structured interviews with the leaders of nine prominent Slovak NGOs to identify the perceived causes of unethical practices occurring in the Slovak business environment. The results of this qualitative research suggest that our respondents connect the causes of unethical actions in business mainly with the macro‑level of society, that is with the way the State with its institutions and authorities operate. Out of ten identified causes of unethical business practices, our respondents assigned five to the macro‑level, while they linked three reasons to the mezzo‑level with unethical conduct of companies and two to the micro‑level with unethical decisions of individuals. Since the government has taken measures to create a more ethical business environment recently, it is now up to companies to realize they hold the joint responsibility for the state of the Slovak society and to concentrate more on what they can do for their part in favor of the development of business ethics.

scholarly journals Securing Singapore/Managing Perceptions: From Shooting the Messenger to Dodging the Question

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Woodier
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hearts And Minds

The citizens of Singapore have been in thrall to the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and its senior figure Lee Kuan Yew for almost 45 years. Served by a pliant media brought to heel by a combination of legislative and ownership controls, the PAP has been effective in limiting the space for debate while successfully conveying its own internal messaging aimed at securing the state and its own political longevity. It has done this by creating the image of a Singapore as a fortress Chinese-led stability and prosperity, ever under threat from more restive neighbours. But, in the face of the emerging threats to this control posed by new information technology and the exigencies of the global economy, the government has been forced to become increasingly ophisticated at managing perceptions and minimizing controversy. This paper will examine how the government has successfully met these challenges in a public relations triumph, effectively winning the battle for the hearts and minds of its internal audience, as well as shoring up the image of 'Fortress Singapore' and appeasing external allies in the 'war against terror', thus keeping Singapore critics in check and neutralizing any external political support for domestic political movements.

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