Grant Systems and Vulnerability to Fiscal Stress: A Comparative Study of Danish and North American Local Government

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
P E Mouritzen ◽  
B J Narver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
North American ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree

The properties of a country's system of intergovernmental grants may have important effects on the vulnerability of local government to socioeconomic changes and to changes in grants from the central government. A comparison between Denmark and the United States suggests that a combination of a low degree of equalization, high reliance on general grants, and a visible structure of taxation lead to a high degree of vulnerability to fiscal stress.

Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the nomenclature of two North American fishes

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
CHARLOTTE M PORTER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Shad ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fish Louse

A curious error affects the names of three North American clupeids—the Alewife, American Shad, and Menhaden. The Alewife was first described by the British-born American architect, Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1799, just two years after what is generally acknowledged as the earliest description of any ichthyological species published in the United States. Latrobe also described the ‘fish louse’, the common isopod parasite of the Alewife, with the new name, Oniscus praegustator. Expressing an enthusiasm for American independence typical of his generation, Latrobe humorously proposed the name Clupea tyrannus for the Alewife because the fish, like all tyrants, had parasites or hangers-on.

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