Regional Government: The Italian Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L King
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Service Organisation ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Governments

This paper is a review of Italy's stuttering progress towards regional autonomy. At the unification of Italy in 1860, a centralised administrative structure was adopted, as prescribed by the Piedmontese Constitution of 1848. Centralisation of political power reached its apogee during the Fascist period. Regionalist sentiment resurfaced strongly after the last war and gained formal expression in the 1948 Republican Constitution, which provided for the creation of five ‘special’ and fourteen (later fifteen) ‘ordinary’ regions. The special regions—regions of special linguistic or political sensitivity (Valle d'Aosta, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sicily and Sardinia)—were established between 1948 and 1963, but delays orchestrated by the Christian Democrat-dominated central government, reluctant to relinquish its power, postponed the establishment of the ordinary regions until the 1970s, when pressure from the Socialist Party prevailed. The legislative powers of the regions are of three forms: Exclusive (available only to the special regions), complementary, and integrative, the order representing progressively diminishing elements of decisionmaking autonomy. Several regions in central Italy have elected Communist regional governments. However, hopes that the regional governments would be instrumental in ending corrupt and inept government and eradicating regional disequilibria, have mostly been misplaced, although some progress has been made, especially in the northern regions, in the fields of administrative reform, social service organisation, and regional economic planning. The principal reason for lack of progress is the continuing central government control over regional government funds. In many regions considerable amounts of unspent funds have accumulated owing to a combination of political stalemate at the regional level and central government veto. Special attention is given in this paper to the relationship between regional autonomy and (1) local government, and (2) regional planning. To conclude, the present state of play represents an uneasy compromise between the two contradictory historical forces of centralism and regionalism, present since unification. Although there has been a significant departure from the rigid centralisation of the past, the retention of most of the important powers by the central government frustrates the ambitions of the regions to really organise their own affairs.

scholarly journals Legal Redesignation of Central and Regional Authorities to Strengthen Sinergity in Public Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Malicia Evendia ◽  
Ade Arif Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Governments

This study aims to analyze and find the ideal legal design of the relationship of authority between the central and regional governments in order to strengthen synergy in public services. In essence, the granting of autonomy to the regions is directed at accelerating the realization of public welfare, through the implementation of government affairs. Concurrent government affairs as stipulated in Law no. 23/2014, is a governmental affair that is divided between the central government, provincial government and district/city governments. In practice, when problems occur in the implementation of concurrent affairs which fall under the central authority, the regional government is in a powerless position. This research uses normative legal research methods with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate that: the absence of a legal instrument that accommodates and bridges central and regional authorities causes problems that occur in the community to continue and do not immediately find solutions. It is necessary to have legal instruments in the form of government regula-tions in bridging the authority of the central and regional governments to build synergy in public services, especially to resolve conflicts that occur in society so that government administration can run effectively.

scholarly journals Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Mhd Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations ◽  
Regional Governments

Supervision is a part of the overall authority of the government, because at the last level the Central Government must be responsible for the whole administration, justifying the holding of supervision of all regional actions, because the integrity of the Unitary State must be maintained. Regional autonomy as autonomy for regional people and not "regional" autonomy in the sense of a particular region / territorial at the local level, if the implementation of regional autonomy is carried out by the Regional Government, that authority must be managed fairly, honestly and democratically. In administering the government, the central government uses the principles of decentralization, co-administration and deconcentration in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, while the regional governments in administering the government use the principles of decentralization and co-administration. The purpose of this paper is to find out, analyze the supervision of regional autonomy. The type of research used is normative juridical research, using a conceptual approach, a legislative approach and a historical approach.

scholarly journals Konstitusionalitas Pemerintah Daerah dalam Menetapkan Kebijakan Lockdown pada Penananganan Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raines Wadi
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Legal Uncertainty ◽  
Regional Governments

AbstrakDisparitas kebijakan antara Pemerintah Pusat dengan Pemerintah Daerah dalam penanganan wabah penyakit Covid-19 mengalami diskursus dalam masyarakat. Diskursus tersebut dikarenakan kewenangan dalam penanganan wabah Covid-19 adalah kewenangan dari Pemerintah Pusat dan kedudukan Pemerintah Daerah hanya sebagai sub-ordinat. Namun, pada praktiknya kebijakan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Pusat, justru menciptakan suatu ketidakpastian hukum karena tidak mengikuti mekanisme penanganan wabah penyakit sebagaimana dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan dan menciptakan suatu ketidakpastian hukum dengan menetapkan Darurat Sipil sebagai tahap akhir dan tidak sesuai dengan mekanisme kekarantinaan kesehatan dalam UU a quo. Di sisi lain, Pemerintah Daerah justru konsisten dalam penanganan wabah Covid-19 dengan menetapkan kebijakan yang sesuai dengan UU a quo yaitu menetapkan suatu Karantina Wilayah (Lockdown). Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan mengurai konstitusionalitas dari kebijakan Lockdown yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam penanganan Covid-19 ditinjau dari perspektif konstitusi dan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini ialah normatif-yuridis dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).Kata kunci: Otonomi Daerah, Ketidakpastian Hukum, LockdownAbstractDifferent policies between the Central Government and Regional Governments in handling the Covid-19 disease outbreak have implications for the discourse in the community. The discourse is due to the authority in handling the Covid-19 outbreak is the authority of the Central Government and the position of the Regional Government only as sub-ordinate. However, in practice the policy taken by the Central Government, in fact creates a legal uncertainty because it does not follow the mechanism for handling disease outbreaks as outlined in act of Health Quarantine and stipulates Civil Emergency as the final stage and not in accordance with the mechanism of health quarantine in the act of Health Quarantine. Therefore, this paper aims to unravel the constitutionality of the Lockdown policy adopted by the Regional Government in handling Covid-19 in terms of the perspective of the constitution and the implementation of regional autonomy. The method that used in this paper is a normative-juridical with a  statutory approach and a conceptual approach.Keywords: Regional Autonomy, Legal Uncertainty, Lockdown.

Paradoks Desentralisasi dan Kesejahteraan: Kalimantan Timur Kaya Tapi Miskin

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Hapsah ◽  
Wawan Mas’udi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New System ◽  
Regional Governments

East Kalimantan is a province full of paradoxes. This region has considerable economic potential measured in terms of its abundant endowments of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, gold, coal and forestry. Yet, East Kalimantan still lacks infrastructure, has poor human resources and high levels of unemployment, factors that condemn much of the population to a life of poverty and hardship. The new system of regional autonomy, which has been implemented since 2001, was expected to give more benefit to the regions, as regional governments have held relatively more power and fiscal capacity. Law 22/1999, which has been revised twice, has provided more authority to regional governments to manage their respective regions. The introduction of fiscal decentralisation through Law 25/1999, further revised in Law 33/2004, has favoured regions rich in natural resources such as East Kalimantan. As it has abundant natural resources, this region has received greatly increased funds from the central government due to the implementation of sharing revenue formula generated from the exploitation of natural resources. These supposed to give more opportunities for the rich regions such East Kalimantan to accelerate regional development and bring their people to greater prosperity. Nevertheless, East Kalimantan has realized neither the objectives of regional autonomy nor the community aspirations for a more prosperous society. This paper aims to examine the extent to which regional autonomy laws have impacted people's welfare in East Kalimantan.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN KEUANGAN DAERAH DALAM MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN OTONOMI DAERAH PADA DINAS PENDAPATAN DAERAH KOTA TIDORE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umilhair Alting ◽  
Winston Pontoh ◽  
I Gede Suwetja
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Financial Capability ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
The People

Fiscal decentralization is one the major component of the decentralization implementation of regional autonomy. As the new beginning in regional development and the people in managing the resources or all of the potential to the prosperity and the progress of region. Financial aspect is one of the basic criteria to find out the real capability regional government in managing their autonomy system (household system) the capability of regional government in managing their financial can be seen in APBD which describes the capability of local government in financing the activities of development task and equity in each region. The purpose of this research is to determine the financial capability of Tidore in regional autonomy especially in 2013-2017 judging by ratio of independency, decentralization fiscal degree, growth ratio. This research used observation, interview and documentation to collect the data. The data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data with described analysis. The result showed that the independence ratio of Tidore has been able to improve its financial capability. The degree of decentralization is still highly dependent on the central government, although it has been increasing year by year. Growth rate fluctuated this indicates the local government of Tidore is not too concerned with regional development and community welfare.Keywords: regional autonomy, ratio of independency, The degree of decentralization ratio, Growth ratio.

scholarly journals RENCANA AKSI NASIONAL BELA NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Agus Subagyo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Government Level

This article aims to explain the 2018-2019 state defense action plan in Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2018 which mandates all ministries, non-ministerial government agencies, and local governments to take action to defend the country through three stages, namely the stages of socialization, internalization, and movement action. The dilution of the state defense action plan at the central government level has been very active, however, at the level of the reverent regional government it has not yet been felt, especially with the existence of regional autonomy where the central government is not necessarily able to "control" the regional government, so that all this needs attention parties, to see the perspective of the regional government in implementing the state defense action plan.

No taxation, no representation: An investigation of the relationship between natural resources and fiscal decentralization

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1255
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arzaghi ◽  
Andrew Balthrop
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
Natural Resource Rents ◽  
The Relationship

Rents from natural resources can alter the relationship between central and local governments by providing a new source of government financing. We develop a model to explore the relationship between fiscal decentralization and resource abundance. Our model indicates that natural resource rents can detach central government expenditures from the tax base so that the central government can spend more to persuade a fractious periphery to remain under central government control. Thus, other things being equal, higher natural resource rents can result in less decentralized government expenditures. We empirically explore the relationship between fiscal decentralization and natural resource rents using a panel of 60 countries over the past 40 years. Empirical results support our economic model: A 1% increase in natural resource rents as a fraction of gross domestic product results in government expenditures that are 0.53% less decentralized.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara/Daerah

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Era Nandya Febriana ◽  
Jayus Jayus ◽  
Rosita Indrayati
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Indonesia is the Unitary State. It is understood that within a unitary state, the central government operates a high state sovereignty. In order not to be arbitrary, the activities of the central government are supervised and limited by the constitution. The government which is divided from the Central Government to the Regional Government included Regional Autonomy therein, as well as the authority of the Regional Government, is on duty to manage the Regional Property. In carrying out its authority as an administrator of local property, there are still many abuses or omissions committed by the local government in operating its authority in managing regional property, such as the negligence of the Regional Assets, the misuse of authority in the revocation of rights already granted by the regional government on the right to use of local property, using local property for personal interest. In the management of regional property required planning, implementation, and supervision by the local government in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in the constitution. Keywords: Authority, Local Government, Management of Regional Property

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE AUTHORITY OF THE REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILS IN THE STATE GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ACCORDING TO THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dadang Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Central Government ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
High State ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic

The existence of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) which is regulated in Article 22D of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUDNRI of 1945) with the authority of the DPD as regulated in Law Number 2 of 2018 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 17 of 2014 Regarding the People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional Representative Council and the Regional People's Representative Council (MD3), in particular Article 249 Paragraph (1) letter e. Article 22D of the 1945 Constitution places the position of the DPD as an institution that has the authority to submit a Bill relating to regional autonomy, central and regional relations, the formation and expansion of regions and the merger of regions, management of natural resources and other economic resources as well as related also by placing the DPD position to monitor and evaluate the Draft District / City Regional Regulations and Regency / City Regional Regulations according to Law Number 2 of 2018 concerning the People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional Representative Council, and the Regional People's Representative Council (DPR) ( MD3). This authority will cause problems especially those regulated in Law Number 2 of 2018 concerning MD3, because the Regency / City Regional People's Representative Council and the Governor as representatives of the central government do the same thing as is done by the DPD as regulated in Law Number 23 2014 concerning Regional Government, particularly in the provisions of Article 149 Paragraph (1) and Article 153 Paragraph (1). While the form of coordination that will be carried out by the DPD and the Regional Government has yet to exist, in addition to the DPD's position as a high state institution will cause problems when coordinating with the Regency / City DPRD as an element of the regional government.Keywords: The telescope, Position, DPD, State Administration, Republic of Indonesia

scholarly journals Pembangunan Pertanian pada Era Otonomi Daerah: Kebijakan dan Implementasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Henny Mayrowani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Cost Center ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Regional Governments

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Regional autonomy gives more authority to the regional governments, namely those regencies and municipalities, to take the initiative in designing and developing a locally specific policy. It includes in conducting agricultural development in each region. The regional authorities in policy implementation have both positive and the negative impacts on agricultural development. Most of the regional governments’ regulations are designed to improve regional government revenues. Most regional government officials think that agricultural development is costly, but it takes a long time to return the investment. This is why issues of importance of agriculture are less attractive to the regional policymakers, especially in supporting agricultural business and extension. The positive impacts of regional autonomy can be observed in some regional governments successfully develop regional agricultural policy but not supported through the regional regulations.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kebijakan otonomi daerah memberi kebebasan kepada daerah untuk mengambil inisiatif dalam mendesain dan mengembangkan kebijakan lokal secara spesifik. Kewenangan di bidang pertanian merupakan kewenangan yang dilimpahkan pada kabupaten/kota. Besarnya kewenangan dalam pelaksana kebijakan daerah memberikan dampak positif dan negatif terhadap pengembangan pertanian. Sebagian besar Perda dibuat dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan Pemerintah Daerah. Pembangunan pertanian dianggap oleh sebagian birokrasi dan legislator lokal sebagai bidang yang cost-center yang membutuhkan investasi besar namun return-nya cukup lama. Hal ini yang menyebabkan mengapa isu pentingnya pembangunan pertanian kurang menarik perhatian bagi sebagian besar pembuat kebijakan daerah. Kecenderungan umum menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah daerah kurang berpihak pada kegiatan yang terkait dengan pembangunan pertanian terutama dalam perbaikan iklim usaha dan penyuluhan. Hal ini  merupakan dampak negatif kebijakan otonomi daerah terhadap sektor pertanian. Namun dampak positif dari kebijakan otda terlihat dari beberapa Pemerintah Daerah yang telah berhasil mengembangkan pertanian daerah dan mengimplementasikan beberapa kebijakan daerah yang tidak diterbitkan dalam Peraturan Daerah.</p>

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