scholarly journals The Role of Intergovernmental Finance in Achieving Diversity and Cohesion: The Case of Spain

10.1068/c0053 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Castells
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Present System ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Constitution

The democratic Constitution of 1978 established a decentralised state in Spain. Since that year, the Autonomous Communities (the intermediate level of government) have strongly increased their role and currently represent around 25% – 30% of total public expenditure. Therefore, financing autonomous government has become a crucial issue with important financial and political consequences. The present system is based mostly on grants from central government, while tax revenues and fiscal accountability are weak. The financing system can play an important, albeit complementary, role in ensuring cohesion within a decentralised state. On the one hand, it can achieve a certain level of equalisation in providing public services all over the territory. On the other hand, it can allow all regions to obtain an appropriate level of self-government. However, it is important to stress that territorial cohesion requires as a precondition, a political consensus and the acceptance of a common project among the different regions. Financial problems can certainly become political problems, but political problems can rarely be solved through financial measures alone. Therefore, we should not demand of intergovernmental finances what they cannot do.

scholarly journals Strengthening the founding values of the EU: The potential role of the Fundamental Rights Agency

European View ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Margaritis
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The rule of law is one of the founding values of the EU, as indicated in Article 2 TEU. This provision recognises that the rule of law is a core value, inherent to liberal democracy, and one which characterised the Union and its member states long before the formal establishment of the EU by the Maastricht Treaty. However, several member states, most notably Poland and Hungary, seem to have placed this value in jeopardy, leading EU institutions to disagree on how to combat this problem and its political consequences. The aim of this article is to propose a solution that involves a rather neglected, yet certainly competent actor, the Fundamental Rights Agency. The outcome would be twofold: on the one hand, the rule of law would be vitally strengthened; on the other, the role of the Agency would be fortified in line with its scope.

Territorial Politics and Devolution in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-172
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Territorial Politics ◽  
The One

This chapter addresses territorial politics and the introduction of devolution in Northern Ireland. The chapter focuses on the nature of the territorial strain provided by Northern Ireland, examining the resources feeding nationalist pressures for change in Northern Ireland on the one hand and sustaining UK rule on the other. The chapter explores how recognition of resource weaknesses and constraints influenced nationalist and unionist political elite leadership, and the codes, strategies and goals that they each developed. The chapter also focuses on the codes, strategies and goals pursued by UK central government. In examining the role of UK central government, the chapter acknowledges that the political violence had meant that a long-standing approach of indirect control via collaborative local elites in the Northern Ireland Parliament had had to be abandoned in 1972, to be followed by direct UK rule. Nevertheless, the discussion explores how we should analyse UK centre approaches in terms of various phases of efforts ultimately to restore indirect control via collaborative elites and thus the centre's own relative autonomy from Northern Ireland affairs. Finally, the chapter focuses on the constitutional process which led to the Good Friday Agreement, by which devolution proposals were created, and the extent to which it contributed to their effectiveness and legitimacy. The chapter evaluates to what extent we should see this as a successful territorial constitutional reform.

scholarly journals Administrative Law in the Time of Corona(virus): Resiliency of the Hungarian Administrative Law?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
István Hoffman ◽  
István Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The One ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
And Task

<p class="Default">The Hungarian administrative law has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several rules – which were introduced during the state of danger based on the epidemic situation – have been incorporated into the Hungarian legal system. The administrative procedural law has been influenced by the epidemic transformation. However, the rules on e-administration have not been reformed significantly (due to the digitalisation reforms of the last years), but the rules on administrative licenses and permissions have been amended. The priority of the general code on administrative procedure has been weakened: new, simplified procedure and regime have been introduced. The local self-governance has been impacted by the reforms. The transformation has had two opposite trends. On the one hand, the Hungarian administrative system became more centralised during the last year: municipal revenues and task performance has been partly centralised. The Hungarian municipal system has been concentrated, as well. The role of the second-tier government, the counties (<em>megye</em>), has been strengthened by the establishment of the special economic (investment) zones. On the other hand, the municipalities could be interpreted as a “trash can” of the Hungarian public administration: they received new, mainly unpopular competences on the restrictions related to the pandemic. Although these changes have been related to the current epidemic situation, it seems, that the “legislative background” of the pandemic offered an opportunity to the central government to pass significant reforms.</p>

scholarly journals Co-constructing identities in speeches

Pragmatics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien Van De Mieroop
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Potential Buyer ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This paper investigates the way speakers construct their identities as representatives of their companies (institutional identity construction) in relation to the way they “project” an identity onto their audiences. The audience is “altercasted” (Weinstein and Deutschberger 1963) in the role of potential buyer of a product, thus evoking the standardized relational pair (Sacks 1972) of seller/buyer. The speaker then presents his company in the complementary role of seller of a product and as such a link is established between the identities of the speaker’s company and the audience. This discursive co-construction of identities is crucial for the way both identities receive meaning. The two cases that are discussed here on the one hand show similarities in the general pattern of the two identity constructions and the way they are interwoven with one another, but on the other hand also demonstrate that there are many unique and diverging ways of constructing and linking these identities.

scholarly journals Peranan Pangreh Praja di Tanah Partikelir Batavia 1900-1942

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Siswantari Siswantari
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
The Revolution

Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas tentang peranan pangreh pradja di tanah partikelir di Batavia. Pendapat para ahli selama ini lebih banyak mengungkapkan bahwa Pangreh Pradja menjalani peranan dualisme, disatu pihak kedudukannya merupakan bagian dari pemerintah Kolonial Belanda, namun dipihak lain kedudukannya merupakan bagian dari struktur kekuasaan tuan tanah. Karena itu Pangreh Pradja lebih condong untuk memperhatikan kepentingan tuan tanah. Ketika terjadi pemberontakan di tanah partekelir, Pangreh Pradja menjadi sasaran kemarahan petani, seperti kasus pemberontakan di Condet dan Tanggerang. Wilayah Batavia hampir keseluruhannya merupakan tanah partikelir, yang menarik di tanah ini bahwa tidak semuanya di tanah partikelir Batavia terjadi pemberontakan petani. Dari penelitian penulis dapat diketahui bahwa tidak semua pada tanah partikelir Batavia terjadi pemberontakan,  disebabkan lokasi tanah partikelir di Batavia dekat dengan pemerintah pusat. Karena itu masalah keamanan dan kesejahteraan penduduk didalamnya menjadi sorotan pemerintah, yang membuat  Pangreh Pradja kinerjanya sangat disorot pemerintah. Hal lainnya yang menyebabkan tidak terjadinya pemberontakan di tanah partikelir adalah: Untuk kasus tanah partikelir Kebayoran, yang diangkat menjadi kepala desa adalah ulama yang dihormati---Abstract This article discusses about the role of pangreh pradja in tanah partikelir Batavia. Most of the experts tend to exposed that Pangreh Pradja had dualism role, on the one hand his role as part of Dutch colonial, on the other hand he also had role as the landlord. That is why he tent to show his attention for the landlord.  When the revolt broke out in tanah partikelir, Pangreh Pradja became the victim of the farmer hatred, such as the revolt in Condet and Tangerang. Most of the Batavia were nearly became Tanah Partikelir, where not all the land in Batavia had occured revolution done by farmers. From this article, the writer found that not all tanah partikelir in Batavia had occured revolution. It is becaused the location of tanah partikelir Batavia was near from central government. Therefore, the security and prosperity of people became the main focus of the government, which attract government for Pangreh Pradja role. The other things which avoid revolution in tanah partikelir Batavia: for this case Tanah Partikelir Kebayoran, which was appointed as the head of village was the respected ulama. So that the revolution can be avoided.DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.556798

scholarly journals Poet-translators as double link in the global literary system

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-415
Author(s):  
Ana Mata Buil
Keyword(s):  
Hilda Doolittle ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
International Study ◽  
Langston Hughes ◽  
Marianne Moore ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The One ◽  
Literary System

Based on the diachronic and international study of American Modernism and its translation into Spanish, this article aims to analyze the complementary role of poet-translators as a double link in the global literary system. On the one hand, when translating other authors, poet-translators introduce them to a new audience. On the other hand, their translations complement their own poetic creations. While translating poetry, poet-translators assimilate the original poet’s style and images, which will later filter in their own poetic works. But, at the same time, these literary agents — consciously or unconsciously — introduce their own style marks into their translations. In order to illustrate the analysis, those people whose role as poet-translators stands out have been chosen among all the translators of Modernist poets into Spanish. Added to this discussion is commentary on some examples of Modernist poets who were also translators, including Yvor Winters, Marianne Moore, Langston Hughes, Hilda Doolittle, and Ezra Pound.

scholarly journals Education policy and governance in England under the Coalition Government (2010–15): Academies, the pupil premium, and free early education

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne West
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Early Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
School Based ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The One

This paper explores the governance of school-based and early education in England under the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition Government (2010–15). It draws on three prominent Coalition policy areas – the academies programme, the pupil premium, and free part-time early education – and focuses on changes to the role played by central government in governance; in so doing, it also makes contrasts with Wales and Scotland. An analysis of the funding and regulatory framework reveals that the role of central government in England increased under the Coalition Government and that of local government declined. These changes to governance have served to centralize power on the one hand, and to facilitate and sustain markets in school-based and free early education on the other; the same cannot be said of governance in either Scotland or Wales, where democratically elected local government continues to play a highly significant role.

scholarly journals Social images of youth as a challenge for mentoring work

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Katja Jeznik
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Present System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Images ◽  
The One

The article examines the image of youth participating in vocational education and training in Slovenia, and discusses the importance of that image in understanding the role of mentors in practical training. We begin by examining the image of youth as a group and then proceed to the image of vocational school students. The image of youth both as a group and as the subgroup of students in vocational education seems to split in several directions. On the one hand, young people are seen as the rescuers of problems of the so-called Western society, while on the other hand they are understood as the problem and viewed as disinterested, narcissistic and egoistic, an image further extended, in the case of students enrolled in vocational education, to describe them as incompetent, undisciplined, lacking manners, having low motivation and lacking responsibility. Students in vocational schools are significantly different from their peers when it comes to academic success and this difference can be interpreted as a consequence of the students’ environment. The present system of vocational education does not minimize the discussed difference, but instead actually reproduces and deepens it.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

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