Will Natural Disasters Accelerate Neighborhood Decline? A Discrete-Time Hazard Analysis of Residential Property Vacancy and Abandonment before and after Hurricane Andrew in Miami-Dade County (1991–2000)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Hurricane Andrew ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Algorithmic prediction of failure modes in healthcare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Kobo-Greenhut ◽  
Ortal Sharlin ◽  
Yael Adler ◽  
Nitza Peer ◽  
Vered H Eisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Complete Identification ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fmea Method

Abstract Background Preventing medical errors is crucial, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is the most widely used prospective hazard analysis in healthcare. FMEA relies on brainstorming by multi-disciplinary teams to identify hazards. This approach has two major weaknesses: significant time and human resource investments, and lack of complete and error-free results. Objectives To introduce the algorithmic prediction of failure modes in healthcare (APFMH) and to examine whether APFMH is leaner in resource allocation in comparison to the traditional FMEA and whether it ensures the complete identification of hazards. Methods The patient identification during imaging process at the emergency department of Sheba Medical Center was analyzed by FMEA and APFMH, independently and separately. We compared between the hazards predicted by APFMH method and the hazards predicted by FMEA method; the total participants’ working hours invested in each process and the adverse events, categorized as ‘patient identification’, before and after the recommendations resulted from the above processes were implemented. Results APFMH is more effective in identifying hazards (P < 0.0001) and is leaner in resources than the traditional FMEA: the former used 21 h whereas the latter required 63 h. Following the implementation of the recommendations, the adverse events decreased by 44% annually (P = 0.0026). Most adverse events were preventable, had all recommendations been fully implemented. Conclusion In light of our initial and limited-size study, APFMH is more effective in identifying hazards (P < 0.0001) and is leaner in resources than the traditional FMEA. APFMH is suggested as an alternative to FMEA since it is leaner in time and human resources, ensures more complete hazard identification and is especially valuable during crisis time, when new protocols are often adopted, such as in the current days of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A Chatbot System to Support Mine Safety Procedures during Natural Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Meng-Han Tsai ◽  
Hao-Yung Chan ◽  
Yi-Lin Chan ◽  
Heng-Kuang Shen ◽  
Pei-Yi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Safety Procedures

This study developed a chatbot to improve the efficiency of government activation of mine safety procedures during natural disasters. Taiwan has a comprehensive governmental system dedicated to responding to frequent natural disasters, and the Bureau of Mines has instituted clear procedures to ensure the delivery of disaster alarms and damage reports. However, the labor- and time-consumption procedures are inefficient. In this study, we propose a system framework for disaster-related information retrieval and immediate notifications to support the execution of mine safety procedures. The framework utilizes instant messaging (IM) applications as the user interface to look up information and send messages to announce the occurrence of disaster events. We evaluated the efficiency of the procedures before and after adopting the system and achieved a time-cost reduction of 55.8 min among three types of disaster events. The study has proven the feasibility of adopting novel techniques for decision-making and assures the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the procedure activation.

scholarly journals Rupture Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm and Prediction of Hemorrhagic Stroke after Liver Transplant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Hye-Mee Kwon ◽  
In-Gu Jun ◽  
Kyoung-Sun Kim ◽  
Young-Jin Moon ◽  
In Young Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Postoperative hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a rare yet devastating complication after liver transplantation (LT). Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) may contribute to HS; however, related data are limited. We investigated UIA prevalence and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and HS incidence post-LT. We identified risk factors for 1-year HS and constructed a prediction model. This study included 3544 patients who underwent LT from January 2008 to February 2019. Primary outcomes were incidence of SAH, HS, and mortality within 1-year post-LT. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis were performed. The prevalence of UIAs was 4.63% (n = 164; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.95–5.39%). The 1-year SAH incidence was 0.68% (95% CI, 0.02–3.79%) in patients with UIA. SAH and HS incidence and mortality were not different between those with and without UIA before and after PSM. Cirrhosis severity, thrombocytopenia, inflammation, and history of SAH were identified as risk factors for 1-year HS. UIA presence was not a risk factor for SAH, HS, or mortality in cirrhotic patients post-LT. Given the fatal impact of HS, a simple scoring system was constructed to predict 1-year HS risk. These results enable clinical risk stratification of LT recipients with UIA and help assess perioperative HS risk before LT.

Optimal emergency personnel allocation after a natural disaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Davis, MD ◽  
Bassan J. Allan, MD, MBA ◽  
Amy M. Pearlman, BS ◽  
Daniel P. Carvajal, BBA, PMP ◽  
Carl I. Schulman, MD, PhD, MSPH
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Network Utilization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Personnel Allocation

Objective: Little work has been devoted to the links between natural disasters, subsequent Emergency Medical Services (EMS) network utilization, triage, and public awareness. The aim of this study was to investigate the types and distribution of emergency calls recorded after each South Florida hurricane during the 2005 season, identifying target areas for public health education, and emergency personnel use and training.Design: Retrospective database review.Setting: Miami-Dade Fire Rescue (MDFR) emergency dispatch headquarters.Patients, participants: All persons making 911 phone calls to the MDFR emergency dispatch headquarters in the 3 days before and after category 3 or higher hurricanes during 2005.Interventions: None.Results: There were 192,363 emergencies reported in 2005. The mean number of 911 emergencies reported per day for the 3 days before and after Katrina was 503 ± 26 and 819 ± 105, respectively (p = 0.007). The mean number for Wilma was 533 ± 42 before and 800 ± 63 after (p = 0.004). However, Rita had no impact on the number of 911 emergencies reported. Katrina resulted in a statistically significant increase in 911 calls for breathing (p = 0.03), convulsions and seizures (p = 0.02), and hazardous situations (p = 0.04). Rita led to an increase in convulsions and seizures (p = 0.03). Lastly,Wilma caused a rise in breathing emergencies (p = 0.02) and hazardous situations (p = 0.02).Conclusions: This study suggests that 911 calls regarding respiratory complaints, convulsions, seizures, and hazardous situations can be expected to significantly increase after a hurricane. Educational initiatives,EMS resource allocation, and modified triage systems designed to target these areas may limit EMS system-wide strain and improve health outcomes following natural disasters.

scholarly journals Mycotoxicological tests from the aspect of the HACCP system and legislation

2011 ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Zoran Masic ◽  
Zeljko Mihaljev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
One Year

Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolic products of molds, are common contaminants of raw feed materials and compound feeds. Depending on the agro-meteorological and storage conditions, molds can contaminate grains and produce mycotoxins in the field, before and after harvest and during storage. Way of preventing animal mycotoxicoses and transfer of mycotoxins to humans through food chain is regular inspection on mycotoxicological feed safety. This paper presents the results of examination of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and zearalenone in 89 samples tested under laboratory conditions during a one year period. The analyses of types of samples, contamination, and their origin demonstrated the need for preventive control of mycotoxin content, primarily in grains. The results of testing the content of aflatoxin in milk indicate the existence of risks to human health. In order to protect humans and animals from mycotoxicological contamination, we propose the use of the system hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), which has been proved to be an effective strategy in food safety control. The basic principles of HACCP approach in the production of feed and foodstuffs, as well as the compliance and harmonization of legislations with those in the European Union, in the field of mycotoxicological tests, are the best prevention against mycotoxin effects on health and economy. Implementation of HACCP system currently presents one of the basic preconditions for the export of our products and their placement on the European market.

scholarly journals Penerapan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) terhadap penurunan bahaya mikrobiologis pada makanan khusus anak berbasis hewani di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Soedarsono Pontianak

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Widyana Lakshmi Puspita ◽  
Yenni Prawiningdyah ◽  
Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Sanitation

Background: One way to improve the quality of food provision in hospitals is by implementing hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) in food processing.Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of HACCP implementation to the decrease of microbiological hazards of foods for children in particular at Nutrition Installation of Dr. Soedarso Hospital of Pontianak.Methods: The study was a quasi experiment that use multiple time series design with intervention and cassation of intervention (ABA time series chain). Samples of the study were animal based food for children, cooking utensils used preparation, processing, and distribution of the food, the food providers and food processing containers. Samples were taken 3 times before and after the implementation of HACCP, each within a week duration.Result: Average germ rate in foods and cooking utensils before implementation of HACCP was relatively high. After the implementation of HACCP there was a decrease. The result of statistical analysis showed that there were effects of HACCP implementation to the reduction of microbiological hazards in foods and cooking utensils (p<0.05). Average score of knowledge on sanitation hygiene of food and practice of sanitation hygiene of foods after HACCP implementation increased. There was an increase of average score of knowledge on food sanitation hygiene and practice of food sanitation hygiene of HACCP implementation (p<0.05). Average score of sanitation hygiene of food processing container after HACCP implementation increased.Conclusion: The implementation of HACCP could reduce microbiological hazards (germ rate) of animal based special foods for children.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Playback Theatre as a Therapeutic Aid after Natural Disasters: Brain Connectivity Mechanisms of Effects on Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247054702096656
Author(s):  
Sarat Munjuluri ◽  
Peter K. Bolin ◽  
Y. T. Amy Lin ◽  
Nina L. Garcia ◽  
Leslie Gauna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Playback Theatre ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cohen's D

Background Natural disasters can affect mental health and result in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Playback Theatre (PT) is a form of improvisation where actors play-back personal stories told by audience members. Whether PT can be therapeutic in post-disaster settings is not known. Method We used a series of PT performances and studied levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in a sample of 13 people affected by Hurricane Harvey that happened in Houston, TX, August 2017. Brain imaging, specifically resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala was also studied before and after the PT performances. Results Both anxiety ( p = .001, Cohen’s d = –1.25) and PTSD ( p = .002, Cohen’s d = –1.0) symptoms significantly decreased after a series of 4 PT performances from January 2019 – February 2019. Depression reduction was not significant. We performed resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) MRI before and after the series of performances. We used the right and left amygdala as seeds for RSFC analysis and found that the connectivity between the left amygdala and the bilateral supramarginal gyri was increased after PT. The bilateral supramarginal connectivity with the default mode and the saliency networks increased too, which correlated with reduction in anxiety scores. Conclusions PT may offer a form of intervention for anxiety caused by disasters. An increase in left amygdala/supramarginal gyri connectivity may be the underlying mechanism.

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