Predicting Ecological Connectivity in Urbanizing Landscapes

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta G Bierwagen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

Nearly half the world's population lives in urban centers, and these areas are increasingly important components of regional and global land cover. However, their ecological attributes are often overlooked, despite the presence of species, ecosystem services, and risks associated with the spread of pests or threatening processes such as fire. Movement and dispersal of organisms contribute to species persistence in urban landscapes; however, landscape patterns that promote ecological connectivity may also facilitate the spread of undesirable organisms or processes. I investigate how urban form can be used to predict ecological connectivity and assist in prioritizing urban landscapes for conservation activities and risk management. I examine the value of qualitative and quantitative descriptions of urban morphology as predictors of ecological connectivity by comparing sixty-six cities in the USA. Results show that qualitative categories are not adequate for describing ecological connectivity; multivariate descriptions are much better predictors, with urban area, number of urban patches, urban patch extent, level of aggregation, and perimeter area fractal dimension composing the significant synthetic variables. The dominance of area as a differentiating variable led to the development of a new urban connectivity index using a combination of urban area and state population size. This metric, based on readily available aspatial data, explains 78% of variation in ecological connectivity. These results provide a simple but novel tool for beginning to understand the role of urban morphology in promoting desirable environmental outcomes and managing environmental risks in urbanizing landscapes.

scholarly journals The Role of Vegetation in the Morphological Decoding of Lisbon (Portugal)

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Justo ◽  
Maria Matos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
The City

In the academic context, especially in the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, and urbanism, urban form studies are assumed to be a vehicle for reflection on the built and unbuilt city. This essay aims to challenge the most common and stabilized morphological approaches in the city reading process, invoking vegetation and its role as an element of urban composition that is recurrently left out of it. Methodologically, this work uses the city of Lisbon to carry out a morphological characterization of different homogeneous areas based on a decomposition process of urban systems and elements. The article focuses on the reading of the public component of three homogeneous areas in Lisbon—Alfama, Avenidas and Alvalade—and specifically on the role of urban greenery as a systemic element of the formal or informal composition of the city. Through an initial systematization process reflects upon the formal attributes of vegetation and trees in particular, this research may contribute not only to the development of the discipline of urban morphology applied to the city of Lisbon but also to the acknowledgment of urban greenery as a contributor to the creation of specific, unique, and unrepeatable spaces within urban landscapes.

scholarly journals Fractal Modeling and Fractal Dimension Description of Urban Morphology

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Scale Free

The conventional mathematical methods are based on characteristic length, while urban form has no characteristic length in many aspects. Urban area is a scale-dependence measure, which indicates the scale-free distribution of urban patterns. Thus, the urban description based on characteristic lengths should be replaced by urban characterization based on scaling. Fractal geometry is one powerful tool for the scaling analysis of cities. Fractal parameters can be defined by entropy and correlation functions. However, the question of how to understand city fractals is still pending. By means of logic deduction and ideas from fractal theory, this paper is devoted to discussing fractals and fractal dimensions of urban landscape. The main points of this work are as follows. Firstly, urban form can be treated as pre-fractals rather than real fractals, and fractal properties of cities are only valid within certain scaling ranges. Secondly, the topological dimension of city fractals based on the urban area is 0; thus, the minimum fractal dimension value of fractal cities is equal to or greater than 0. Thirdly, the fractal dimension of urban form is used to substitute the urban area, and it is better to define city fractals in a two-dimensional embedding space; thus, the maximum fractal dimension value of urban form is 2. A conclusion can be reached that urban form can be explored as fractals within certain ranges of scales and fractal geometry can be applied to the spatial analysis of the scale-free aspects of urban morphology.

scholarly journals Morphological Analysis of Frontier Villages in Cyprus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevter Zafer Comert ◽  
Erincik Edgu ◽  
Nezire Ozgece
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
The Village

Borders may be built for security reasons however; they also demarcate administrative, economic, socio-cultural, ethnic or religious divergence. Borders change the destinies of the societies at both sides because they affect the process of urban development and delimit the economic and socio-cultural interactions.   Cyprus has been experiencing an interrupted continuity along the border, i.e. green line, under the rule of UN that divides north from the south. In this regard the aim of the study is to figure out how the de facto borders affect the configuration of villages upon their existing position. As a part of an ongoing research which investigates all eleven frontier villages and towns located along the border line, this paper only focuses on the morphological and syntactic comparison of four frontier villages. Within this context, initial exploration is about the village morphologies by means of Morphological Regions based on the evolutionary insights of Conzen (2004) and Whitehand (2009). Additionally, considering shifted centrality and transformed social gathering spaces, research discusses the applicability of the comparative analyses of syntactic and morphological methods in order to reveal the characteristics of the frontier villages.   The preliminary findings of the research indicates that edge villages located along the green line have a controlled spatial development with dead ends and loop layouts, where the spatial configuration presents an introverted structure. On the other hand, villages divided by the green line, presents a relatively integrated spatial structure developed on both sides of the border, maintaining traditional centrality along with emphasizing forced territoriality. References: Conzen MRG, 2004, Morphogenesis and Structure of the Historic townscape in Britain: ed. M.P Conzen in Thinking About Urban Form: Papers on Urban Morpholgoy 1932-1998, Peter Lang, London Hillier, B. (1996) Space is the machine (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).   Whitehand, J.W.R. (2009) ‘The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice’, Urban Morphology 13, 5‐27, University of Birmingham            

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PROFIL PELAKU PERJALANAN DENGAN PERILAKU PERJALANAN TERHADAP PUSAT PERBELANJAAN MODERN DI KAWASAN PERKOTAAN YOGYAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Ratno Tanjung Nasrulloh ◽  
Novi Maulida Ni'mah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Behavior Frequency ◽  
And Behavior

Yogyakarta Urban Area (KPY) which is currently developing rapidly to support the development of urban functions and services in Yogyakarta, one of which is the trade and services sector. This can be seen from the number of modern centers in KPY. The interaction between land and transportation has been accepted by researchers from various disciplines for decades. Therefore, examining the behavior of the behavior towards the center becomes one of the bases in planning urban morphology and rather the morphology influences the travel behavior of the community. This study seeks to examine the journey of people to urban centers in the Yogyakarta urban area with case studies of Mall Ambarukmo Plaza, Lippo Mall, and Jogja City Mall. The research method used is cross classification with variables consisting of the profile of the traveler and behavior. Based on the analysis, it can be neglected that the profile of the traveler to the modern mall center (gender, age, education level, occupation, income and place of residence (domicile) has no relationship to his travel behavior (frequency, intention, time) in KPY. Mostly or an average of more than 60% of the trip attractions still come from within KPY.

EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN CATTLE LEUKEMIA

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
D. A. Lozovoy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Negative Order ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
National Programs

  Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been known for more than a century and a half. Its occurrence and registration may have historically been associated with intensive breeding of dairy cattle in Western Europe to increase target productivity. It is known that any limiting intervention in the nature of the animal organism is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and unpredictable change in the genotype of a wider range than the required, particularly negative order. In particular, a decrease in the resistance to macroorganisms and the possibility of the new diseases emergence, including infectious ones (for example, immunodeficiencies such as BLAD syndrome of black-motley cattle and stress syndrome in pigs, the occurrence of scrapie and other slow sheep infections). In the last two decades of the last century, in many disadvantaged countries, primarily Western European, national programs for the eradication of EBL have been developed and subsequently successfully implemented. First of all the motivation was the economy of dairy cattle breeding (mainly the extension of productive age, as well as the tightening of requirements in international trade in cattle and bull products, breeding, pricing, etc.). In an analytical article are reviewed the elements of epizootology of EBL in the foreign countries with special attention to the situation in the USA, scenarios of various control programs, and promising methods for assessing the role of infected animals in the epizootic process. A critical assessment of the problem of EBL in the Russian Federation is given, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of against leucosis measures are discussed.

Perubahan Pemaknaan Peran Perempuan Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak di Pedesaan Kawasan Prambanan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanti Muryanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Domestic Worker

Muslim women worked in public sector in all variant jobs not only in urban area, but also in rural area phenomena. They had been doing it because of freedom, education, solidarity, or economic reason. When Muslim women worked in public sector, the new problems were appears, about care of children in the house as domestic work. These phenomenons were related to Indonesian’s culture and Islam perspective that believed the jobs of care of children was women burden. This article described about changing of meaning the role of Muslim women in the caring children. There were many institutions replaced care children, like day care etc. This article used qualitative research with observation and interview. The result of research, there were changing care of children in rural society. Before 2000, Muslim women were depend on family (extend family), neighbors, domestic worker, but in 2013, they prefered care of their children in the new institution (day care) because this institution gave early education to the child and save. But, majority Muslim women in this research believed that domestic works are their jobs.

The Lattimore case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Witch Hunt

Edith’s career and collaboration with Fritz Machlup at Johns Hopkins University flourished and she began work on the growth of the firm, and studied the Hercules Powder Company. As Cold War tensions increased during the 1950s she and Penrose became involved in the defence of their friend and colleague Owen Lattimore who was named as the top Soviet spy by Senator McCarthy. The chapter covers the persecution of Lattimore, his trials, the role of Judge Luther Youngdahl, and the operation of his defence fund. Other friends of E. F. Penrose became victims of the anti-communist ‘witch hunt’, he grew increasingly disillusioned with the USA, and determined he must leave. In 1953 Edith and Penrose testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. They were also investigated by the FBI. After five years the case against Lattimore was dropped. Edith’s father died and her brother Harvey was killed in an air accident.

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