Reasoning by Visual Analogy in Design Problem-Solving: The Role of Guidance

10.1068/b2565 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan P Casakin ◽  
Gabriela Goldschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Design Domain ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Visual Analogy

The use of analogy, including visual analogy, is a powerful problem-solving strategy that can help explain new problems in terms of familiar ones. There is evidence that problem-solvers have difficulty in making spontaneous use of this strategy, despite its proven effectiveness. However, guidance to use it greatly increases accessibility to analogy in problem-solving. In the design domain, evidence of the use of analogy has hitherto been mostly anecdotal. Our goal in this paper is to show through empirical data that analogy can be effective in facilitating design problem-solving, especially when explicit instructions for its use are given.

Suicidal Models—Their Frequency and Role in Suicide Attempters, Non-Suicidal Psychiatric Patients and Normal Control Cases: A Comparative German-Hungarian Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
A. Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Increasing evidence suggests that imitative behavior may have a role in suicide. The social transmission of this problem-solving strategy might be explained by the influence of modeling. The authors investigated suicide attempters, psychiatric patients without suicidal history as well as control groups of normal persons without a psychiatric or suicidal history matched for sociodemographic variables in Germany and Hungary. Using a structured questionnaire the occurrence of real and fictive suicidal models was investigated. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the frequency of suicidal models, the characteristics of the suicidal act, and the role of imitation of the different groups in each country. The differences between the German and Hungarian groups were explained according to different cultural factors and different learning histories.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Gender pada Kesadaran Metakognitif dalam Strategi Membaca Bacaan Akademik

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Wulansari Ardianingsih ◽  
Rose Mini Agoes Salim
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Support Strategy ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies can be defined as the knowledge or awareness about strategies to process reading materials, the ability to monitor comprehension, and the ability to employ strategies in understanding text. Previous studies show inconsistent results regarding the role of gender in the metacognitive awareness of reading. The current study aims to evaluate gender differences in the students’ knowlegde of metacognitive strategies in reading. This study involves 137 students (59 boys and 78 girls) from grade 4 to 6. The current study uses Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) that consists of 3 subscales: global strategy, problem solving, and support strategy. Results show that female students outperform male students in their metacognitive awareness, both in general scale and in each type of strategy. In addition, the most used strategy is the problem solving strategy, while the least used is the support strategy. This finding suggests that teachers need to consider the gender difference in determining the effective methods of delivering materials in classrooms. Keywords: metacognitive awareness, reading, gender differencesAbstrak: Kesadaran metakognitif dalam membaca dapat didefinisikan sebagai pengetahuan akan strategi untuk memproses bacaan, kemampuan untuk memonitor pemahaman, dan kemampuan untuk mengatur strategi yang dibutuhkan untuk memahami bacaan. Hingga saat ini masih terdapat hasil yang tidak konsisten mengenai peran gender dalam kesadaran metakognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana perbedaan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada kesadaran metakogntifnya dalam membaca, khususnya pada bacaan akademik. Penelitian melibatkan 137 siswa (59 laki-laki dan 78 perempuan) kelas 4 – 6 Sekolah Dasar (SD) dengan menggunakan alat ukur Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) yang terdiri atas 3 dimensi: strategi global, penyelesaian masalah, dan strategi pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa perempuan lebih sering menggunakan strategi metakognitif dibandingkan siswa laki-laki, baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada masing-masing jenis strategi. Selanjutnya, jenis strategi yang paling banyak dipakai adalah strategi penyelesaian masalah, sedangkan strategi yang paling jarang dipakai adalah strategi pendukung bacaan. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada kebutuhan guru untuk memperhatikan perbedaan gender siswa ketika menentukan metode penyampaian tugas atau materi belajar agar pembelajaran berlangsung efektif.

scholarly journals PERAN PERHUTANI DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK TENURIAL PADA KAWASAN HUTAN: Studi Kasus RPH Ringinpitu BKPH Tanggung KPH Semarang

KRITIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-113
Author(s):  
Maria Endah Ambarwati ◽  
Gatot Sasongko ◽  
Wilson M.A. Therik
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

The aim of this research is to describe the role of Perum Perhutani in tenurial conflict resolution in the forest area of Perum Perhutani Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Semarang, especially in Resort Pemangkuan Hutan Ringinpitu Bagian Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (BKPH) Tanggung using descriptive methods with in-depth interview, observation and documentation. The informants are the inhabitants of the Ringinpitu village Tanggungharjo District Grobogan Residence and officers from Perum Perhutani. Data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis. Perum Perhutani has implemented Collaborative Forest Management (PHBM) as a strategy for tenurial conflict resolution and can be classified as problem solving strategy and conflict resolution alternative. Dynamics of the approach used in conflict resolution in RPH Ringinpitu start with a legal approach as well as public consultation, mediation and negotiation. RPH Ringinpitu uses three of four kinds of conflict resolution alternatives which are public consultation, mediation and negoitation.

Letters to the Editor

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ian Isaacs ◽  
John Sweller ◽  
Elizabeth Owen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Division Algorithm ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Trigonometric Identity ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Long Division ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Elizabeth Owen and John Sweller (JRME 20 (3), 322–328) made the observation that novice problem solvers are so preoccupied with using means-end strategies when solving “transfonnation” types of problems that they cannot spare any thought for an overview of the total problem. This leads them to suggest that it might be counterproductive to teach this problem-solving strategy. This tunnel-vision behaviour is quite common for most beginners learning a complex task, whether it is a psychomotor skill (like learning to drive a car), an algorithmic task (such as learning the traditional long division algorithm), or a novel problem-solving task (for example, verifying a trigonometric identity). In all three learning situations the novice needs to practise the required skills in various contexts to be able to transfer them eventually to other contexts. For transfer to take place effectively, the novice has to apply these skjlls in the new context under the guidru1ce of a skilled tutor, who makes the Ieamer aware of the similarities and differences between the new context and that in which the ski ll was initially acquired and the resulting modifications required to carry out the present task effectively.

Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam Pembelajaran Kooperatif Pendekatan Struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atma Murni ◽  
Rini Dian Anggraini ◽  
Sakur
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimental menggunakan desain penelitian perbandingan kelompok statis. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi tes keterampilan mahematika awal dan tes hasil belajar matematika. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru.   The aim of this study was to know the influence of Problem Solving Strategy implementation in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS) to mathematics learning outcome of VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. This study use pre experimental research design using The static group comparison research design. The instruments of  data collection include early mahematics skills test and mathematics learning outcome test. Data were analyzed using t test. The result of this study showed that there is influence of problem solving strategy in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS)  to mathematics learning outcome  of  VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

Proses Berpikir Logis Siswa Sekolah Dasar Bertipe Kecerdasan Logis Matematis dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liska Yanti Pane ◽  
Kamid Kamid ◽  
Asrial Asrial
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

This research aims to describe logical thinking process of a logical-mathematical intelligence student. We employ qualitative method to disclose the subject’s learning process. Data are collected by interview and modified think aloud methods. The results show that subject has capability to find and organize problems and data correctly. Subject describes conditions that are needed to do the steps of problem solving strategy. The steps are done systematically until the end of problem solving process.

scholarly journals Additional veno-venous gas exchange as a problem-solving strategy for an oxygenator not transferring oxygen in paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass†

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-689
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Boettcher ◽  
Nicodème Sinzobahamvya ◽  
Frank Dehmel ◽  
Andreas Matschke ◽  
Andre Iben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

scholarly journals Penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah Sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Kerinci Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Hadiawati Hadiawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Limit Function ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Math Teachers ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

This study was an Action Research which was conducted because the student’s achievement on Mathematics  were still lower than The Minimum Achievement Criteria (KKM). The research was conducted to see whether the Systematic Problem Solving Strategy could improve the student’s learning achievement. The aim of the research was to improve the student’s comprehension on Algebra Limit Function subject In Mathematics, so their learning achievement also improved significantly. The research participants were the students of grade XI IPS 2 SMAN 1 Kerinci. The researcher was helped by a collaborator who was a Math Teacher at the same school. The study was done in two cycles with four stages, (a) Planning (b) Action (c) Observation (d) Reflection. The result of data analysis showed that the student’s average score in cycle 1 was 69 (65%). It became higher in cyle 2 to 83 ( 85%). There was significant improvement seen from the result of cycle 1 compared to cycle 2. It could be concluded that the implementation of Systematic Problem Solving Strategy on Algebra Limit Function subject improved the student’s learning achievement significantly. Therefore, it was suggested to Math Teachers to apply the strategy in teaching  as the alternative solution particularly in Algebra Limit Function subject

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