Mainstreaming Environment and Development at the World Trade Organization? Fisheries Subsidies, the Politics of Rule-Making, and the Elusive ‘Triple Win’

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Campling ◽  
Elizabeth Havice
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Fisheries Subsidies ◽  
Rule Making

Common but Differentiated Debates: Environment, Labour and the World Trade Organization

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ward
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Development ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
World Conference ◽  
World Summit ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment And Development

In June 1992 the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) took place in Rio de Janeiro; 1993 was the year of the World Conference on Human Rights, 1994 the year of the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development, and in March 1995 it was the turn of the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen.

A constructive critique of the World Trade Organization draft agreement on harmful fisheries subsidies

Marine Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 104872
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor ◽  
Hussain Sinan ◽  
Tu Nguyen ◽  
José María Da Rocha ◽  
U. Rashid Sumaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Fisheries Subsidies

Part II Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Nicolas de Sadeleer
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Legal Rule ◽  
The World ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Reversible Nature

The introduction of Part II of this book highlights that the polluter-pays, preventive, and precautionary principles described in Part I mark an epistemological shift between modern law, which rests on the fixed standards of traditional legal rule-making, and post-modern law, which emphasizes the pragmatic, gradual, unstable, and reversible nature of rules. Chapter 4 describes the paradigm shift from modern to post-modern law. Chapter 5 considers the various functions that the polluter-pays, preventive and precautionary principles may fulfil within a post-modern legal prospect, seeking to strike a balance among multiple and conflicting interests. Chapter 6 explains that the varying status of these principles does not deprive them of normative effect. Chapter 7 focuses on the conflict between environmental principles and free trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO). This four-stage approach enables us to demonstrate how the polluter-pays, preventive, and precautionary principles shape an ideal of rationality in a chaotic legal universe.

scholarly journals WTO Disciplines and Fisheries Subsidies - Should the SCM Agreement" Be Modified?

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Delvos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
European Community ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
Fisheries Subsidies ◽  
Definition Of

This article considers the negotiations on a possible modification of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) in relation to fisheries subsidies. The mandate for these negotiations was given by the Doha Ministerial Declaration of 2001. The current WTO regulations are deficient in that many subsidies do not meet certain criteria of the SCM Agreement. This is mainly due to the current definition of a subsidy, the requirements for specificity and the inadequate categorisation of "red box" and "amber box" subsidies. In order to address fisheries subsidies adequately, this article contends that the SCM Agreement must be changed. The United States, the European Community, several developing countries and Japan are actively discussing this issue. After examining the different proposals, the best solution seems to be to find a common categorisation for fisheries subsidies and to identify those which lead to over-capacity and over-fishing. Such subsides should be prohibited and named in an illustrative list. Furthermore, subsidies which are not reported to the WTO should be actionable. Any country which has not fulfilled its notification duties would have the burden of proving that these subsidies are consistent with the SCM Agreement. Under new WTO rules, subsidies which are beneficial for the environment should be permitted, such as subsidies for the retirement of fishing licences, the retraining of fishers and the scrapping of old vessels.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

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