Leaving Home for College and Gaining Independence

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara H Mulder ◽  
William A V Clark
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Event History ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
The Usa

As more and more young US adults attend college it has become an increasingly important filter in the process of becoming an independent household. Now for a large number of young adults living in the USA, living away at college is a first step in the process of gaining residential and economic independence. We analyze leaving home to go to college, the choice between returning home and becoming independent after living away at college, and the influence of experience with living away at college on becoming an independent household. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and multilevel event-history and logistic-regression models to show that the likelihood of leaving home for college is positively affected by the father's education and the parental income. Unlike in previous research, we find evidence for the ‘feathered-nest’ hypothesis, in that the likelihood of returning home increases with parental income.

Understanding job mobility patterns in contemporary China: A comparative study based on the China Family Panel Studies and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-473
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Panel Studies

Based on a comparison between labor markets in China and those in the USA and using data from the China Family Panel Studies and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper studies the level, distribution and socioeconomic patterns of job mobility in contemporary China. I first discuss the different social contexts in China and the USA that have generated distinct opportunity structures of job mobility. Differences in levels of economic development, cultural traditions and institutional arrangements help to shape different labor markets and job mobility patterns across the two societies. I argue that job mobility is not always as good as we thought. There is a duality of job mobility at both the individual and the societal levels. Second, I develop several indexes and use the percentile share method to analyze job mobility rates by different groups and their uneven distributions. Compared to the USA, I find that China has a lower overall level of job mobility, a more skewed distribution and a higher concentration of mobility in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, such as the elderly, the less-educated and those of rural origin. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the duality of mobility; that is, that mobility can be either upward or downward. In contemporary China, socioeconomically disadvantaged people may suffer downward job mobility.

Predictors of alternative medicine use by multiple sclerosis patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Marrie ◽  
Olympia Hadjimichael ◽  
Timothy Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: To determine the frequency of alternative medicine use among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and the factors which predict such use. Methods: We examined 20778 MS patients enrolled in the North A merican Research C onsortium on Multiple Sclerosis (NARC O MS) Patient Registry, residing in the USA. We used demographic and clinical data to create multivariate logistic regression models for i) lifetime use of any alternative medicine, ii) lifetime use of any alternative provider (A P), and iii) lifetime use of each of the three most common A P. Results: 20387 patients provided data regarding alternative medicine use. Lifetime use of any alternative medicine was 54% and current use was 30%. C hiropractors (51%), massage therapists (34%), and nutritionists (24%) were the most commonly used A P. In all five models, use of alternative medicine was most strongly predicted by use of a conventional provider, and more modestly by disease factors indicating more severe or prolonged disease. Predictive power of the models was poor (c-index =0.62-0.68), despite good fits for the data. Conclusions: Demographic factors play only a minimal role in predicting the use of alternative medicine in this MS population while disease factors play a slightly stronger role. There must be other factors involved that may include accessibility, social acceptability and cultural factors. G iven the frequency of alternative medicine use by this patient population, further characterization of these factors is important.

Musculoskeletal Pain is Associated With New-Onset Psychological Distress in Survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Yabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Hagiwara ◽  
Takuya Sekiguchi ◽  
Yumi Sugawara ◽  
Masahiro Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
New Onset

AbstractObjectivePsychological distress is a common symptom after natural disasters. Although musculoskeletal pain also increases after natural disasters, its relation to psychological distress is not known. This study aimed to examine the association of musculoskeletal pain with new-onset psychological distress among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsA panel study was conducted with survivors at 2 and 3 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. New-onset psychological distress was defined as psychological distress absent at 2 years and present at 3 years after the disaster. The number of musculoskeletal pain sites at 2 years after the disaster was divided into 3 categories (0, 1, and ≥2). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for new-onset psychological distress according to the number of musculoskeletal pain sites.ResultsThe rate of new-onset psychological distress was 6.7%. Musculoskeletal pain was associated with new-onset psychological distress. Using “0” as a reference, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.65 (0.92-2.95) in “1” and 2.12 (1.24-3.64) in “≥2” (P for trend=.02).ConclusionsMusculoskeletal pain is associated with new-onset psychological distress among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:295–300)

Indicators of dependence and efforts to quit vaping and smoking among youth in Canada, England and the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056269
Author(s):  
David Hammond ◽  
Jessica L Reid ◽  
Vicki L Rynard ◽  
Richard J O'Connor ◽  
Maciej L Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Symptom Prevalence ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThe current study examined indicators of dependence among youth cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users in Canada, England and the USA, including changes between 2017 and 2019.MethodsData are from repeated cross-sectional online surveys conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 with national samples of youth aged 16–19 years, in Canada (n=12 018), England (n=11 362) and the USA (n=12 110). Measures included perceived addiction to cigarettes/e-cigarettes, frequency of experiencing strong urges to smoke/use an e-cigarette, plans to quit smoking/using e-cigarettes and past attempts to quit. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine differences between countries and changes over time.ResultsThe proportion of ever-users who vaped frequently was significantly higher in 2019 compared with 2017 for all outcomes in each country. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion of past 30-day vapers reporting strong urges to vape on most days or more often increased in each country (Canada: 35.3%, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.38; England: 32.8%, AOR 1.55, 1.08 to 2.23; USA: 46.1%, AOR 1.88, 1.41 to 2.50), along with perceptions of being ‘a little’ or ‘very addicted’ to e-cigarettes (Canada: 48.3%, AOR 1.99, 1.44 to 2.75; England: 40.1%, AOR 1.44, 1.03 to 2.01; USA: 53.1%, AOR 1.99, 1.50 to 2.63). Indicators of dependence among smokers were consistently greater than e-cigarette users, although differences had narrowed by 2019, particularly in Canada and the USA.ConclusionsPrevalence of dependence symptoms among young e-cigarette users increased between 2017 and 2019, more so in Canada and the USA compared with England. Dependence symptom prevalence was lower for e-cigarettes than smoking; however, the gap has narrowed over time.

scholarly journals Psychological Health and Smoking in Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
pp. 216769681985881
Author(s):  
Allison M. Schmidt ◽  
Shelley D. Golden ◽  
Nisha C. Gottfredson ◽  
Susan T. Ennett ◽  
Allison E. Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Health Diagnosis ◽  
Health Diagnosis

Introduction: Young adulthood is a critical time for the emergence of risk behaviors including smoking. Psychological health is associated with smoking, but studies rarely track both over time. We used longitudinal data to assess whether average patterns of psychological health influenced average patterns of smoking and whether short-term fluctuations in psychological health influenced fluctuations in smoking. Method: Young adults aged 18–30 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were followed from 2007 to 2013, and mean trajectories of smoking were modeled. Psychological health variables included ever having a mental health diagnosis and time-varying distress. Results: In regression models, individuals with poorer psychological health (higher distress or a diagnosis) were more likely to be smokers and to smoke greater number of cigarettes. The association of diagnosis with number of cigarettes smoked increased with age. Conclusions: Smoking-related interventions should target individuals with poorer psychological health, even if they have no formal mental health diagnosis.

scholarly journals How Marriage Matters for the Intergenerational Mobility of Family Income: Heterogeneity by Gender, Life Course, and Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-380
Author(s):  
Seongsoo Choi ◽  
Inkwan Chung ◽  
Richard Breen
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Marital Sorting ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Income Accounting ◽  
Recent Cohort

Adult children’s labor market status and their type of marriage are major channels through which family advantages are passed from one generation to the next. However, these two routes are seldom studied together. We develop a theoretical approach to incorporate marriage entry and marital sorting into the intergenerational transmission of family income, accounting for differences between sons and daughters and considering education as a central explanatory factor. Using a novel decomposition method applied to data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that marriage plays a major role in intergenerational transmission only among daughters and not until they reach their late-30s. This is more salient in the recent cohort in our data (people born 1963 to 1975). Marital status and marital sorting are comparably important in accounting for the role of marriage, but sorting becomes more important over cohorts. The increasing earnings returns to education over a husband’s career and the weakening association between parental income and daughter’s own earnings explain why marital sorting, and marriage overall, have been growing more important for intergenerational transmission from parents to their daughters.

Wealth and Consumption After Job Displacement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Justin Barnette
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Standard Life

Abstract Income drops permanently after an involuntary job displacement, but it has never been clear what happens to long run wealth in the USA. Upon displacement, wealth falls 14% relative to workers of the same age and similar education from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Their wealth is still 18% lower 12 years after the event. A standard life cycle model calibrated to US data with permanent decreases in income after displacement behaves differently than these findings. The agents in the model also experience a large drop in wealth but they recover. The biggest culprit for these differences is small and statistically insignificant changes to consumption in the PSID whereas agents in the model decrease their consumption considerably. Extending the model to include habit formation reconciles some of these differences by generating similar long run effects on wealth. This allows for the examination of wealth at death through the lens of the model.

Association between the number of endotracheal intubation attempts and rates of adverse events in a paediatric emergency department

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2021-211570
Author(s):  
Edir S Abid ◽  
Kelsey A Miller ◽  
Michael C Monuteaux ◽  
Joshua Nagler
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Emergent Airway Management ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundChallenges in emergent airway management in children can affect intubation success. It is unknown if number of endotracheal intubation attempts is associated with rates of adverse events in the paediatric ED setting.ObjectiveWe sought to (1) Identify rates of intubation-related adverse events, (2) Evaluate the association between the number of intubation attempts and adverse events in a paediatric ED, and (3) Determine the effect of videolaryngoscopy on these associations.Design and methodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent endotracheal intubation in a paediatric ED in the USA between January 2004 and December 2018. Data on patient-related, provider-related and procedure-related characteristics were obtained from a quality assurance database and the health record. Our primary outcome was frequency of intubation-related adverse events, categorised as major and minor. The number of intubation attempts was trichotomised to 1, 2, and 3 or greater. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between the number of intubation attempts and odds of adverse events, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.ResultsDuring the study period, 628 patients were intubated in the ED. The overall rate of adverse events was 39%. Hypoxia (19%) was the most common major event and mainstem intubation (15%) the most common minor event. 72% patients were successfully intubated on the first attempt. With two intubation attempts, the adjusted odds of any adverse event were 3.26 (95% CI 2.11 to 5.03) and with ≥3 attempts the odds were 4.59 (95% CI 2.23 to 9.46). Odds similarly increased in analyses of both major and minor adverse events. This association was consistent for both traditional and videolaryngoscopy.ConclusionIncreasing number of endotracheal intubation attempts was associated with higher odds of adverse events. Efforts to optimise first attempt success in children undergoing intubation may mitigate this risk and improve clinical outcomes.

Parents’ Charitable Giving and Volunteering: Are They Influenced by Their Children’s Ages and Life Transitions? Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Einolf
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Earlier cross-sectional studies have suggested that parents’ levels of charitable giving and volunteering are influenced by transitions in their children’s lives, such as the arrival of a new baby, the entry of their oldest child into elementary school, and the leaving home of their youngest child. To better investigate this contention, I used longitudinal data from the 2001-2009 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. When a new baby arrived, parents’ charitable giving and volunteering decreased; when the oldest child reached the age of 2, their giving increased, but not their volunteering. When the oldest child entered middle and high school, parents’ charitable giving and volunteering increased; when their youngest child left the household, parents decreased their giving and volunteering and redirected their charitable giving toward health and environmental organizations. The negative effects on volunteering were stronger for mothers, whereas the positive effects on volunteering were stronger for fathers.

Social Class and Behavior: Simultaneous Class Positions Yield Different Amounts of Income

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
James Stormes
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
General Populations ◽  
And Behavior

We used data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to present preliminary findings on the social class behavior of the poor and general populations in the USA. Analysis supported the notion that individuals are engaged simultaneously in multiple class positions, e.g., self-employed and welfare recipient, that yield different amounts of income. Moreover, no single label or explanation, e.g., “underclass” or “the poor are marginal to the economy,” seems appropriate to describe the complexity of the economic behavior of poor individuals.

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