Modelling Use, Investment, and Development in the British Office Market

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1409-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tsolacos ◽  
G Keogh ◽  
T McGough
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
National Office ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Office Market ◽  
Market Needs

The authors provide an empirical investigation of office market dynamics and model the user, investment, and development elements of this market. They recognise explicitly that the user and investment markets in office property influence trends in development and that development activity in turn affects office use and investment. This theoretical premise suggests that an analysis of these separate components of the market can make a significant contribution to a fuller understanding of office market dynamics, including swings in development activity. In the European context, there is a lack of research on modelling the functional elements of the office market individually, although such modelling is more common in US studies. Furthermore, most quantitative empirical work lacks an examination of the investment market for property and its intertemporal effects on development activity. In this paper, the authors estimate econometric models for rents, capital values, and development activity in the national office market in Great Britain. The results establish the significant influence of demand-side economic forces in the user market and the importance of use and investment market signals in the determination of office building output. However, the findings also strongly suggest that the investment market needs to be explored in more detail in order to identify and document the nature of the forces which interact in this sector of the office market.

An Archaeological Approach to the Study of Cultural Stability

1955 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil W. Haury ◽  
Robert L. Rands ◽  
Albert C. Spaulding ◽  
Walter W. Taylor ◽  
Raymond H. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Problem ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Instability Problem ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

The study of cultural stability requires a knowledge of cultural development over a reasonably long span of time. The definition of this time perspective is one of the major contributions of archaeology to the study of culture. The archaeologist therefore should be in a position to make a significant contribution to the appraisal of the stability problem itself. However, the lack of a commonly accepted anthropological definition of the concept of cultural stability imposes semantic difficulties which hinder the determination of practical limits for the stability- instability problem area. Moreover, the nature of the data available to the archaeologist conditions the kind of contribution he can make.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF 2-CYANO-4’-BROMOMETHYL BIPHENYL GENOTOXIC IMPURITY IN IRBESARTAN DRUG SUBSTANCES USING HPLC TECHNIQUE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
S. Senthil Kumar ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Srivastava ◽  
V. Srinivas Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Hplc Technique ◽  
Ich Guideline

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of present study was to develop and validate a specific and sensitive HPLC method for the quantitative determination of genotoxic impurity 2-cyano-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl present in irbesartan drug substance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development activity was conducted by HPLC with UV as a detector. The impurity was separated on Kromasil C18 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm analytical column with a mobile phase consisting of buffer pH 3.2 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v at a flow rate 1.5 ml/min. The effluent was monitored by UV detection at 258 nm with column temperature maintained at 40 °C and the injection volume 30 μl. Acetonitrile was selected as diluent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Validation activity was planned and completed based on the ICH guideline. The LOD and LOQ value were found to be 0.167 µg/g and 0.506 µg/g and accuracy results were well in the range 98.34 to 103.46 %. The linearity curve showed the correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and method very sensitive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From validation data, it was confirmed that the developed method is specific, sensitive, linear, precise and accurate for the determination of 2-cyano-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl genotoxic impurity in irbesartan drug substances.</p>

Kinetics Study of the Acidic Catalyzed Polymerization of Tetraethoxysilane by 29Si NMR.

1988 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Pouxviel ◽  
J. P. Boilot
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
29Si Nmr ◽  
Condensation Reactions ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Degree Of Condensation ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTTEOS has been hydrolysed under acidic condition with stoichiome-tric or excess amount of water. Evolution of the silicon species is followed by 29Si NMR. The data are analyzed at different levels of detail; first, analysis of the by products of polymerization reactions, second determination of the extents and overall rate constants of hydrolysis and condensation reactions and finally kinetics simulations of the evolution taking into account all the present silicon species. We have shown that the hydrolysis rate increases with the number of hydroxyl groups, and the reesterification reactions have a significant contribution. We also found that condensation reactions preferentially occur with loss of water between the more hydrolyzed monomers; their rates rapidly decrease with the degree of condensation. We compare the two compositions as a function of their water content and pH.

Models of Office Market Dynamics

Urban Studies ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Y. C. Tse ◽  
James R. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Office Market

scholarly journals Political influences on greenhouse gas emissions from US states

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (27) ◽  
pp. 8254-8259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dietz ◽  
Kenneth A. Frank ◽  
Cameron T. Whitley ◽  
Jennifer Kelly ◽  
Rachel Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Us States ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Over Time

Starting at least in the 1970s, empirical work suggested that demographic (population) and economic (affluence) forces are the key drivers of anthropogenic stress on the environment. We evaluate the extent to which politics attenuates the effects of economic and demographic factors on environmental outcomes by examining variation in CO2 emissions across US states and within states over time. We find that demographic and economic forces can in part be offset by politics supportive of the environment—increases in emissions over time are lower in states that elect legislators with strong environmental records.

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