Assessing Spatial Equity: An Evaluation of Measures of Accessibility to Public Playgrounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Talen ◽  
L Anselin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Urban Service ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Analytical Perspective

Geographical and political research on urban service delivery—who benefits and why—has proliferated during the past two decades. Overall, this literature is not characterized by a particular attention to the importance of method in drawing conclusions about spatial equity based on empirical studies. Specifically, there has been scant interest in the effect of geographic methodology on assessing the relationship between access and socioeconomic characteristics that are spatially defined. In this paper we take a spatial analytical perspective to evaluate the importance of methodology in assessing whether or not, or to what degree the distribution of urban public services is equitable. We approach this issue by means of an empirical case study of the spatial distribution of playgrounds in Tulsa, Oklahoma, relative to that of the targeted constituencies (children) and other socioeconomic indicators. In addition to the ‘traditional’ measure (count of facilities in an areal unit), we consider a potential measure (based on the gravity model), average travel distance, and distance to the nearest playground as indicators of accessibility. We find significant differences between the spatial patterns in these measures that are suggested by local indicators of spatial association and other techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis. The choice of access measure not only implies a particular treatment of spatial externalities but also affects conclusions about the existence of spatial mismatch and inequity.

scholarly journals How Far Has China’s Urbanization Gone?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Xiao ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Xiaodong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Global Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Over Time

China’s rapid urbanization has attracted wide international attention. However, it may not be sustainable. In order to assess it objectively and put forward recommendations for future development, this paper first develops a four-dimensional Urbanization Quality Index using weights calculated by the Deviation Maximization Method for a comprehensive assessment and then reveals the spatial association of China’s urbanization by Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The study leads to three major findings. First, the urbanization quality in China has gradually increased over time, but there have been significant differences between regions. Second, the four aspects of urbanization quality have shown the following trends: (i) the quality of urban development has steadily increased; (ii) the sustainability of urban development has shown a downward trend in recent years; (iii) the efficiency of urbanization improved before 2006 but then declined slightly due to capital, land use, and resource efficiency constraints; (IV) the urban–rural integration deteriorated in the early years but then improved over time. Third, although the urbanization quality has a significantly positive global spatial autocorrelation, the local spatial autocorrelation varies between eastern and western regions. Based on these findings, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving urbanization quality and its sustainability in China.

scholarly journals SPATIAL STUDY OF INCIDENCE RATES OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN BRAZIL FROM 2002 TO 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
André Luis Santiago MAIA ◽  
Gecynalda Soares da Silva GOMES ◽  
Isabelle Galdino de ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Critical Regions

The intensive process of economic growth and job creation in Brazil in the last years is often associated an important dimension where this process is far drop satisfactory: the high incidence rates of occupational accidents. Important instruments can be constructed from the quantitative study considering possible changes caused by economic dynamics over the years. We conducted exploratory spatial data analysis  (ESDA) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to analyze the spatial distribution of this rate in order to identify critical regions in Brazil. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) and from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security websites for the years from 2002 to 2012. Results show that the incidence rate of occupational accidents in Brazil is distributed in a geographically non-random manner and municipalities with high rates tends to cluster.

Landslide Susceptibility Models Utilising Spatial Data Analysis Techniques. A Case Study from the Lower Deba Valley, Guipuzcoa (Spain)

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Remondo ◽  
Alberto González-Díez ◽  
José Ramón Díaz De Terán ◽  
Antonio Cendrero
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques

Analysis on Spatial Difference of the Rural Resident’s per Capita Net Income in Qinhuangdao City Based on ESDA

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3893-3898
Author(s):  
Yu Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Moran’S I

Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and GIS technology, the spatial differences of the rural economic development level of Qinhuangdao city was investigated by adopting the rural resident’s per capita net income data at town level in Qinhuangdao city from 2007 to 2011. The results of global Moran’s I value for rural resident’s per capita net income at town level showed that there existed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial aggregation in the spatial distribution of rural resident’s per capita net income. However, the global Moran’s I value showed a decreasing trend during 2007 to 2011, indicating an enlarged spatial disparity of rural economy at the town level. The results of the Moran scatter plots and LISA cluster maps of 2007 and 2011 showed that most of towns were characterized by positive local spatial association , ie. They were located in the HH or the LL quadrant. The significant HH towns were mostly to be found in the south of Qinhuangdao city, Haigang district, Changli county, Lulong county. The significant LL towns were mostly to be found in the Qinglong county, north of Qinhuangdao city.

scholarly journals Identifying Spatial Relationships between Built Heritage Resources and Short-Term Rentals before the Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploratory Perspectives on Sustainability Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Rubino ◽  
Cristina Coscia ◽  
Rocco Curto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
City Relations

Built heritage resources (BHRs) are multidimensional assets that need to be conceived under a sustainability and circular economy framework. Whereas it is essential that their conservation, management, and enjoyment are sustainable, it is also necessary that the environmental, cultural, and socio-economic contexts in which they are integrated are sustainable too. Like other amenities, BHRs can improve the quality of the urban environment and generate externalities; additionally, they may influence sectors such as real estate, hospitality, and tourism. In this framework, this contribution aims to identify spatial relationships occurring between BHRs and short-term rentals (STRs), i.e., a recent economic phenomenon facilitated by platforms such as Airbnb. Through the application of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis techniques and taking Turin (Italy) as a case study, this article provides evidence that spatial correlation patterns between BHRs and STRs exist, and that the areas most affected by STRs are the residential neighborhoods located in the proximity of the historic center of the city. Relations with other sets of socio-economic variables are highlighted too, and conclusions suggest that future studies are essential not only to monitor sustainability issues and reflect on new housing models and sustainable uses of buildings, but also to understand the evolution of the phenomenon in light of the pandemic Covid-19.

scholarly journals Metropolitan urban hotspots of chronic sleep deprivation: evidence from a community health survey in Gyeongbuk Province, South Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Bi Um ◽  
Jung-Sup Um
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Chronic Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Chronic Sleep

The geographic concentration of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) remains largely unexplored. This paper examined the community-specific spatial pattern of the prevalence of CSD and the presence of clustered spatial hotspots among the Korean elderly population in Gyeongbuk Province, South Korea, revealing CSD hotspots and underscoring the importance of geography-focused prevention strategies. The study analysed cross-sectional data collected from 9847 elderly individuals aged 60 years and older who participated in a Korean Community Health Survey conducted in 2012. To assess the level of spatial dependence, an exploratory spatial data analysis was conducted using Global Moran’s I statistic and the local indicator of spatial association. The results revealed marked geographic variations in CSD prevalence ranging from 33.4 to 73.4%, with higher values in the metropolitan urban areas and lower in the rural areas. Almost half of the community residents [both men (44.1%) and women (53.5%)] slept 6 h or less per 24 h. The average CSD prevalence (53.6% men and 65.1% women) in the hotspots was about 13.0% higher than that in other areas (42.6% for men and 51.1% for women). To our knowledge, this is the first study to generate a CSD hotspot map that includes data on sleep deprivation across metropolitan district levels. This study demonstrates that not only is sleep deprivation distributed differentially across communities but these differences may be explained by urbanisation.

scholarly journals Analysis on spatial distribution pattern of football fields: A case study in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 02051
Author(s):  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Kaicheng Wu ◽  
Wang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Football Field ◽  
Global And Local

In order to promote the sustainable development of sports facilities, the statistical data of football fields in 13 districts of Wuhan city were selected. Based on geographic information system (GIS) and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) technology, this paper analyzed the global and local autocorrelation of the number of football fields per capita in Wuhan city. The results indicate that: (1) Comparing to the new districts in Wuhan, the number of football fields per capita in the central districts was relatively few. (2) In the global scale, the number of football fields per capita in Wuhan presented a spatial aggregation pattern. (3) In the local scale, the regional discrepancy and spatial clusters were confirmed in the local spatial autocorrelation analysis for football fields in Wuhan. At the same time, the research results could provide reasonable references for the planning of football field facilities.

scholarly journals Analisis Penggunaan Lahan Basah Eksisting Berdasarkan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) di Kawasan Peri Urban Kota Banda Aceh (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-535
Author(s):  
Desra Sahputra ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi ◽  
Sugianto Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Penyimpangan penggunaan lahan sangat sering terjadi terhadap rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW). Daerah pinggiran kota merupakan wilayah yang banyak mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan terutama perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian. Adapun tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis tingkat keselarasan penggunaan lahan basah eksisting di Kecamatan Darul Imarah berdasarkan RTRW. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survai. Sedangkan analisis data spasial menggunakan SIG dengan konsep extract, overlay dan reclassify. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sebesar 583,94 ha (86,68%) sawah eksisting di kawasan kajian telah selaras dengan RTRW dan yang tidak selaras yaitu sebesar 0,15 ha (0,02%). Sementara 89,57 ha (13,3%) sawah eksisting lainnya ditemukan belum selaras dengan RTRW Kabupaten Aceh Besar tahun 2012-2032.The Use of Existing Wetland Analysis Based On Spatial Planning in Peri Urban Area in Banda Aceh (Case study: Darul Imarah Subdistrict Aceh Besar Regency)Abstract. The deviation of land use is very frequent happened to spatial planning. Suburban areas are areas which undergo many changes in land use, especially changes in the use of agricultural land to non-agricultural. The purpose of the research is to analyze the aligned level of the existing wetland use in Darul Imarah sub-district based on spatial planning. The method used in this research was descriptive method with survey technique. While the spatial data analysis was using GIS with extract, overlay and reclassify concept. The result of the study showed that 583.94 ha (86.68%) of the existing fields in the study area were aligned with the RTRW and the non-aligned ones were 0.15 ha (0.02%). Meanwhile, 89.57 ha (13.3%) of other existing rice fields had not been aligned with the spasial planning of Aceh Besar Regency in 2012-2032.

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