Population Change and Migration in Britain since 1981: Evidence for Continuing Deconcentration

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Champion
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
And Migration

The counterurbanisation decade of the 1970s appears to have been followed by a period of more mixed trends in migration between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. This author examines the experience of Great Britain against the background of developments reported for other countries. The British Census small-area statistics are used to calculate 1981–91 rates of population change for a typology of local labour-market areas in order to test for the existence of population deconcentration, and the results are compared with the rates for the three previous intercensal decades. Annual population estimates are then used to examine the migration component of 1981–91 population change and to investigate the extent and timing of fluctuations in growth rates since the early 1960s. The results indicate that the differentials in the population growth rate between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Britain narrowed somewhat between the 1970s and the 1980s, but the negative relationship between urban status and population change remained very clear. Moreover, contrary to the experience of the USA and a number of European countries, in the mid-1980s Britain saw a resurgence of nonmetropolitan growth which had widespread impact across the country. These results raise questions which can in part be addressed by in-depth research on the 1991 Census and related data sets.

Spatial economy and the geography of functional economic areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Spatial Economy ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Functional Areas

The spatial economy can be visualised as a web of overlapping markets or functional areas linked to different activities. Unfortunately, very often administrative regions and local authority areas are used as proxies for functional areas, but they have serious shortcomings for spatial economic analysis and the implementation of local policies. The spatial economy is viewed here as a complex network of economic flows within a hierarchical urban system. This paper constructs a comprehensive geography of functional economic areas by first using consistent criteria based on commuting and migration flows for England. The analysis next superimposes a central place hierarchy derived from retail sales and office centre rents. It then classifies these functional economic areas offering insights into the spatial economy of England. The geography queries the relevance of core/surrounding models of urban form as large local labour market areas comprise in some cases more than 20 housing market areas. While the research uses England as a case study, the analysis is of generic significance to the spatial economies of developed countries. The paper also raises a number of methodological and data issues for further development.

scholarly journals Moving for Employment Reasons

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S Morrison ◽  
William A.V. Clark ◽  
Kirsten Nissen ◽  
Robert Didham
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Local Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk

While most models of population migration assume that members of the labour force migrate to enhance returns to their labour, major surveys in the USA (PSID and CPS), in the UK (BHPS) and Australia (HILDA) all show that only around 10 percent of all individuals who change residence are motivated primarily by employment reasons. Of those moving between local labour markets only about 30 percent say they are motivated by employment reasons. We explore this apparent paradox by drawing on evidence from the Dynamics of Motivation and Migration Survey (DMM), which recorded the reasons people of working age, changed their permanent residence in New Zealand over the two-year period 2005 and 2006. The need to solve the employment problem before moving means that reasons offered retrospectively for moving usually reflect a wish to adjust consumption even in the case of those moving between local labour markets. For most people of working age employment remains a necessary condition rather than sufficient reason for moving and this is why the pattern of net flows among local markets appear to support theories of migration change even though few people say they move for employment reasons.

Novel Visualization of Large Health Related Data Sets

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hammond ◽  
Vivian L. West ◽  
David Borland ◽  
Igor Akushevich ◽  
Eugenia M. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Health Related

Ciguapas in New York: Transcultural Ethnicity and Transracialization in Dominican American Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIA MARÍA DURÁN-ALMARZA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dominican Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominican American

The Dominican American community in New York is perhaps one of the best examples of how processes of transculturation are affecting traditional definitions of ethnic identification. Given the intense economic, social and cultural transnational exchanges between the island and the USA from the 1960s, Dominicanyorks have been challenging the illusion of homogeneity in the definition of Americanness for decades, creating transnational social networks that transcend traditional national and ethnographic boundaries. The theatrical works of Josefina Báez, a Dominican American performer living in New York, and Sherezada (Chiqui) Vicioso, a Dominican poet and playwright who lived and worked in the US metropolis for decades before moving back to the Dominican Republic, lyrically explore issues of diaspora, identity and migration and the impact these phenomena might have in the lives of migrant Dominican women. Presenting diasporic experiences from two differing but interconnected locales – New York and the Dominican Republic – these plays offer two complementary views on the ways in which ethnicity, race, social class, age and geopolitical location interact in the formation of transcultural identities, thus contributing to develop a hemispheric approach to the study of identity formation in the Americas.

scholarly journals MIGRACIÓN Y CAMBIO SOCIOCULTURAL EN DOS COMUNIDADES RURALES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE CHALATENANGO, EL SALVADOR

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Patricia Castro Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Sociocultural Change ◽  
Cultural Hybridization ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Gender And Migration ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration

Este artículo presenta resultados de la investigación «Género y migración: Recomposición Familiar», que fue llevada a cabo en los municipios de Comalapa y Concepción Quezaltepeque del Departamento de Chalatenango, en El Salvador; cuyo trabajo de campo se realizó entre 2009 y 2010. De esa investigación se ha retomado el análisis del fenómeno migratorio que experimenta El Salvador desde la perspectiva de la hibridación cultural, y se centra en la vida cotidiana de los municipios antes mencionados con la intención de comparar las dinámicas culturales que se establecen en ambos, tomando en cuenta que en el primero las personas migran hacia EUA y en el segundo mayoritariamente a Italia.   MIGRATION AND SOCIOCULTURAL CHANGE IN TWO RURAL COMMUNITIES FROM CHALATENANGO, EL SALVADORABSTRACTThis article presents results from the piece of research titled «Gender and Migration: Family Recomposition.» This study was conducted in the municipalities of Comalapa and Concepción Quezaltepeque in Chalatenango, El Salvador. Fieldwork was carried out between 2009 and 2010. The analysis of the migration phenomenon experienced in El Salvador has been taken from this piece of research. This analysis was made from a cultural hybridization perspective and focuses on the everyday life in the aforementioned municipalities. The intention is to compare the cultural dynamics established between the two, taking into consideration that in the former, people migrate to the USA, whereas in the latter they mostly migrate to Italy.

scholarly journals Article processing charges for open access publication—the situation for research intensive universities in the USA and Canada

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Solomon ◽  
Bo-Christer Björk
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Western European ◽  
Article Processing Charges ◽  
The Cost

Background.Open access (OA) publishing via article processing charges (APCs) is growing as an alternative to subscription publishing. The Pay It Forward (PIF) Project is exploring the feasibility of transitioning from paying subscriptions to funding APCs for faculty at research intensive universities. Estimating of the cost of APCs for the journals authors at research intensive universities tend to publish is essential for the PIF project and similar initiatives. This paper presents our research into this question.Methods.We identified APC prices for publications by authors at the 4 research intensive United States (US) and Canadian universities involved in the study. We also obtained APC payment records from several Western European universities and funding agencies. Both data sets were merged with Web of Science (WoS) metadata. We calculated the average APCs for articles and proceedings in 13 discipline categories published by researchers at research intensive universities. We also identified 41 journals published by traditionally subscription publishers which have recently converted to APC funded OA and recorded the APCs they charge.Results.We identified 7,629 payment records from the 4 European APC payment databases and 14,356 OA articles authored by PIF partner university faculty for which we had listed APC prices. APCs for full OA journals published by PIF authors averaged 1,775 USD; full OA journal APCs paid by Western European funders averaged 1,865 USD; hybrid APCs paid by Western European funders averaged 2,887 USD. The APC for converted journals published by major subscription publishers averaged 1,825 USD. APC funded OA is concentrated in the life and basic sciences. APCs funded articles in the social sciences and humanities are often multidisciplinary and published in journals such as PLOS ONE that largely publish in the life sciences.Conclusions.Full OA journal APCs average a little under 2,000 USD while hybrid articles average about 3,000 USD for publications by researchers at research intensive universities. There is a lack of information on discipline differences in APCs due to the concentration of APC funded publications in a few fields and the multidisciplinary nature of research.

International Skill Flows and Migration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wickham
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Oecd Data

Migrants are increasingly skilled. Historically British emigration was disproportionately skilled and new comparative OECD data shows the continuing brain drain from Europe to the USA. However skilled migration is best understood as skilled mobility not migration: permanent settlement in a destination country is a limiting case within a multiplicity of movements exemplified by the international commuting of the financial services elite. Immigration policies increasingly attempt to attract the best and the brightest. Rising mobility is driven by firms’ recruitment policies, but also by individuals’ motivations which are often non-financial. Skilled mobility is now claimed to benefit both origin and destination countries through circular migration and knowledge transfer. However, skilled mobility can also promote privatisation of higher education in origin countries and lower investment in training in receiving countries. A typology of skilled mobility suggests some forms can increase income inequality in destination countries.

Le esportazioni dei sistemi produttivi locali di piccole e medie imprese nel 2005: i risultati dell'utilizzo di nuove metodologie e fonti statistiche

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Natale Renato Fazio ◽  
Carmela Pascucci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Medium Enterprises

- This paper presents findings of a new methodology to attribute national exports to the Local Labour Market Area (LLMA). This methodology allows overcoming limitations due to the use of administrative units, i. e. provinces (NUTS 3), for foreign trade analysis. Methods The methodology is based on several Istat databases (Foreign Trade, Statistic Archive of Active Enterprises and Local Units Archive). In the first part of the work, sources and methodology are described, the second part is devoted to aggregated and macro-sectors results. Results The results show for 2005 that 37.5% of national exports of manufactured goods derived from local systems of small and medium enterprises. The analysis of the exporter enterprises in the 2005-2007 panel, shows that the contribution of these local systems grew slightly from 37.3% in 2005 to 37.5% in 2007. Conclusions The export performance analysis shows different results for Center-North and South LLMA. In southern regions, in spite of lower export activities, there are local systems with significant levels of performance on international markets.JEL: C81, F10, R11, R12Keywords: export, province of departure, microeconomic data, sectorial specialization, local labour market areas (LLMAS), industrial districts.Parole chiave: esportazioni, provincia di origine, dati microeconomici, specializzazione settoriale, sistema locale del lavoro, distretti industriali.

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