The Restructuring of the US Steel Industry: Changes in the Location of Production and Employment

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ó hUallacháin
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Automobile Assembly ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Steel Market

Recent reorganization of the US iron and steel industry provides a useful setting for an analysis of the relationship between industrial location and institutional forms. Regression analysis shows that institutional shifts in the organization of production dominated geographical shifts in employment and product value as integrated maxi-mills sought to raise productivity. The reorganization of production includes mill abandonment, increased subcontracting by maxi-mills in the initial stages of production, horizontal penetration by mini-mills in the sheet-steel market, and the growing integration of steel finishing and automobile assembly as firms that belong to Japanese corporate groups expand their operations in the USA. Maxi-mills are concentrating investment and production in the Midwest states as their joint ventures with Japanese steel firms specialize in the mass production of galvanized sheets for the automobile industry. Locational shifts also include the national spread of scrap-processing mini-mills and the rapid decline of raw-steel production in Pittsburgh as maxi-mills close furnaces and mills producing construction-grade bars and rods.

The Restructuring of the Automobile Industry in the USA

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Bingham ◽  
K K Sunmonu
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
The Usa

In this paper, the changes in the US automobile industry which have occurred over the 1979–86 economic downturn and recovery are examined within the framework of Markusen's profit-cycle theory. When viewing the automobile indusltry as a whole, some of the findings support the profit-cycle theory and others do not. The theory is supported, however, within the context of two distinct automobile industries in the USA—one ‘Fordist’ and the other a Japanese ‘post-Fordist’ system. The Fordist system is entering the negative profit-cycle phase and the post-Fordist system is in the mature phase. The two systems have very different spatial configurations and are likely to have very different economic futures.

Chasing shadows: technology and socioeconomic barriers versus climate targets for iron and steel industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. Shatokha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Change Mitigation

Purpose: To analyse the potential of various scenarios for reduction of carbon footprint of iron and steel sector and to reveal plausible pathways for modernisation. Design/methodology/approach: Several scenarios have been developed in order to assess the dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet the global climate change mitigation target. This includes deployment of the best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production route and deployment of innovative ironmaking technologies with various decarbonisation extent achieved in a variable timeframe. Findings: The window of opportunities to ensure compliance of steel sector development with climate goal still exists though shrinks. Modernisation shall include global deployment of best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production and rapid deployment of innovative technologies including carbon capture and storage. Delayed modernisation will require much deeper decarbonisation, which will increase the total cost of mitigation. International policies shall be put in place to ensure availability of funding and to assist technology transfer. Short term transition strategies shall be employed as soon as possible for bridging long term climate change mitigation strategies and current state of the iron and steel industry worldwide. Research limitations/implications: Methodology applied takes into account the best available technologies and some novel ironmaking methods with the potential for commercialisation during the next decade; however, it is implied that the radically innovative iron- and steelmaking technologies with near-zero CO2 emissions will not be mature enough to deliver tangible impact on the sector’s carbon footprint before 2050. Practical implications: Obtained results can be helpful for definition of the modernisation strategies (both state-level and corporate) for the iron and steel industry. Originality/value: Dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet global climate change mitigation targets have been revealed and the results can be valuable for assessment of the consistency of sectoral climate strategies with global targets.

scholarly journals A Research on Profitability and Dividend using Arima Model with Reference to Steel Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3309-3313
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Monetary Control

In India Indian, Iron and Steel Industry plays significantly for the overall growth and development of the country. Based on the budget of Ministry of Steel declares that steel industry contributes 2% of the Indias GDP, and its weight is 6.2% in the Index of Industrial Production(IPP). The sector able to grow by itself globally. In India steel production in one Million Tones in 1947, now its become the world's 2nd largest producer next to China. India's GDP declines 5% in 2019 on account of rising Inflation, GST and strict monetary control. This medium made the domestic demand weeker which grew 3.3% in 2019, Despite the rise in last Quater

scholarly journals Blood leukocyte count as a systemic inflammatory biomarker associated with a more rapid spirometric decline in a large cohort of iron and steel industry workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Kong ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Jianyu Li ◽  
Shuzhen Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements

Abstract Objective: Iron and steel industry workers are exposed to high levels of inhalable dust particles that contain various elements, including metals, and cause occupational lung diseases. We aim to assess the relationship between occupational dust exposure, systemic inflammation, and spirometric decline in a cohort of Chinese iron and steelworkers.Methods: We studied 7,513 workers who participated in a Health Surveillance program at Wugang Institute for Occupational Health between 2008 and 2017. Time-weighted exposure intensity (TWEI) of dust was quantified based on self-reported dust exposure history, the experience of occupational hygienists, and historical data of dust exposures for workers with certain job titles. A linear mixed-effects model was used for association analyses.Results: The average annual change of lung function was -50.78 ml/year in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and -34.36 ml/year in forced vital capacity (FVC) in males, and -39.06 ml/year in FEV1 and -26.66 ml/year in FVC in females. Higher TWEI prior to baseline was associated with lower longitudinal measurements of FEV1 and FVC but not with their declines. Higher WBC and its differential at baseline were associated with lower longitudinal measurements and a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC in a dose-dependent monotonically increasing manner. Moreover, the elevations of WBC and its differential post-baseline were also associated with a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC.Conclusions: Our findings strongly support the important role of systemic inflammation in affecting the temporal change of lung function in iron and steel industry workers.

scholarly journals Highly efficient CO2capture with simultaneous iron and CaO recycling for the iron and steel industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 4022-4031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Tian ◽  
Jianguo Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan ◽  
Kaimin Li ◽  
Xuejing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Calcium Looping ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

A highly efficient CO2capture process integrating calcium looping and waste recycling into iron and steel production is proposed, which can also valorize the waste steel slagviaa simultaneous iron and CaO recycling.

scholarly journals Influence of the COVID-19 Crisis on Steel Production in Poland Compared to the Financial Crisis of 2009 and to Boom Periods in the Market

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Radoslaw Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Steel Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation

This paper presents an analysis of the volume of steel production in Poland during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020 in comparison to the volume of steel production during the financial crisis initiated in the US during the period 2007–2008, whose effects, in the form of a large decrease in steel production, were seen in 2009 in Poland. A comparison is also made to periods of prosperity in 2004, 2007, and 2017 (when there was a good economic situation in the steel market in Poland). The selection of the time period—the first half of 2020—was based on the emergence of a new situation in the economy, which was lockdown. The aim of the analysis is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 situation on the steel market (volume of steel production) in Poland. The analysis performed could help entrepreneurs manage their companies during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper belongs to the category of research work. The statistical analysis was realized regarding steel production in Poland. Three periods were analyzed: The first half of 2020—the period termed the COVID-19 crisis; the year 2019—the year of a large decrease in steel production in Poland caused by the world financial crisis; and periods of prosperity in the steel market—the years 2004, 2007, and 2017 (periods before crises). The analysis shows that, in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the functioning of enterprises or industries, it is necessary to analyze the situation and compare it with other situations in the past. Moreover, crisis management in the COVID-19 situation must be highly rationalized and real, and the various industrial sectors and companies forming them should adapt this process to their own situation. Results: On the basis of the statistical data, it was found that, in the short term (months), the production of steel during the COVID-19 crisis was a little higher than in the financial crisis of 2009 (excluding steel production in June 2020), and lower than during the boom in the steel market (the comparison to the periods when there was a boom in the Polish steel market was made to show the dynamics of decline).

scholarly journals Blood leukocyte count as a systemic inflammatory biomarker associated with a more rapid spirometric decline in a large cohort of iron and steel industry workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Kong ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Jianyu Li ◽  
Shuzhen Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Steel Workers ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements

Abstract Objective Iron and steel industry workers are exposed to high levels of inhalable dust particles that contain various elements, including metals, and cause occupational lung diseases. We aim to assess the relationship between occupational dust exposure, systemic inflammation, and spirometric decline in a cohort of Chinese iron and steel workers. Methods We studied 7513 workers who participated in a Health Surveillance program at Wugang Institute for Occupational Health between 2008 and 2017. Time-weighted exposure intensity (TWEI) of dust was quantified based on self-reported dust exposure history, the experience of occupational hygienists, and historical data of dust exposure for workers with certain job titles. A linear mixed-effects model was used for association analyses. Results The average annual change of lung function was − 50.78 ml/year in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and − 34.36 ml/year in forced vital capacity (FVC) in males, and − 39.06 ml/year in FEV1 and − 26.66 ml/year in FVC in females. Higher TWEI prior to baseline was associated with lower longitudinal measurements of FEV1 and FVC but not with their decline rates. Higher WBC and its differential at baseline were associated with lower longitudinal measurements and a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC in a dose-dependent monotonically increasing manner. Moreover, the increase of WBC and its differential post-baseline was also associated with a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC. Conclusions Our findings support the important role of systemic inflammation in affecting the temporal change of lung function in iron and steel industry workers.

scholarly journals Export and Import Performance of Steel in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1292-1295
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Crude Steel ◽  
Finished Steel ◽  
Scope For Growth ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Indian Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Steel Sector

Steel is crucial to the event of any fashionable economy and is taken into account the backbone of human civilization. At present, developing countries lead the expansion in world steel demand. India is presently the world's third largest producer of crude steel and is anticipated to become the largest producer of crude steel within the world before long. The country is additionally the third largest client of finished steel (83.5 Million Tonnes in 2016) within the world preceded by China (681 Million Tonnes in 2016) and also the USA (91.6 million tonnes in 2016. Steel occupies this position due to its skillfulness, strength and recyclability. The steel sector contributes to over two of the country's gross domestic product and employs around 25 lakhs utilized in steel/allied sectors. Between 2008 and 2011 India has recorded a growth of 29.2% in Steel production. Indian industry has been preponderantly serving domestic market. Consumption of steel in India is a smaller amount compared to alternative Asian steel majors specifically China, Japan, and Republic of Korea. Thus, the business has scope for growth in future. In recent times, India is that the contributor of four p.c to the world’s crude production and is anticipated to carry and retain its position in coming back years. The rapid climb of population, increase in urbanization still as increase in agricultural and industrial product together with sweetening of ordinary of living, give an honest scope for the event of Indian industry. Iron and Steel Exports stood at 7.606 million tonnes, a growth of 52.9% compared to 2016 and also the Imports stood at half dozen 0.097 million tonnes, a growth of 10.9% compared to the year 2016. This paper examines the export and import performance of Steel Industry from 2014-2015 to 2017-2018. The industry is mainly dominated by Tata Steel Ltd on the basis of overall competitiveness and financial and non - financial aspe cts of competitiveness.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF STEEL PLANTS IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Arijit Mukherjee ◽  
Soumendra Nath Basu ◽  
Sayan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Iron And Steel

The steel industry being highly energy intensive in nature is one the major consumers of energy. The iron and steel industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world. It is therefore that the question of fuel or energy has been of the highest importance in steel making, and one can boldly claim that all other conditions remaining constant, saving or wasting of fuel can make the difference between a profit or a loss of a steel plant. Energy conservation in steel plants is very crucial to ensure the competitiveness of the steel producing industries and to minimise environmental impacts. India's leading iron and steel companies, scored averages at best in Centre for Science and environment green rating test. The Indian iron and steel sector's energy consumption of 6.6 GCal per tonne, is 50 per cent higher than the global best practice. The integrated steel plants in India have the opportunities to strengthen their operations and minimise energy losses and wastages to reduce specific energy consumption by 5-6%. To reduce the gaps between India and developed countries we have to follow the technological advancement and implementation of innovative strategies at every stage of the operation of steel plants. The specific energy consumption in the Indian steel industry is high compared to that in advanced countries. Data for four integrated steel plants in India have been analysed. World crude steel production reached 1.621 million tones (Mt) in 2015. To meet the needs of our growing population, steel use is projected to increase by 1.5 times that of present level by 2050.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document