Research Policy and Review 27. New Directions for Understanding Transportation and Land Use

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions

Theories of relationships between land use and transportation, and the empirical research conducted to test these relationships are reviewed. Recent empirical research seldom supports theoretical expectations. These results are explained by the changes in urban structure that have occurred over the past three decades. The paper concludes with some suggestions for revising the theories to represent conditions in contemporary urban areas better.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Sustainable Rural-Urban Land Use in Mexico City: A Qualitative Analysis for Reliability and Validity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Rodríguez López ◽  
Pablo Rosso ◽  
Jürgen Scheffran ◽  
Gian Carlo Delgado Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Landsat Images

<p class="p1"><span class="s2"><strong>Abstract </strong></span>| Mexico City is one of the largest cities on the globe and a site where important transformations of nature reserves into urban areas have been taking place<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>This paper compared the southern part of Mexico City based on free images available (Landsat – 30m) and high-resolution imagery (RapidEye – 5m) from an explorative qualitative perspective in the logic of reliability and validity<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>We argue that the resolution of the free imagery available for the assessment of urban development on the structural level of land use is not sufficient to identify the development of specific parts of the city<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>Despite the fact that the general pattern of changes in land use is observable, changes within the urban structure are difficult to see with a resolution of 30 meters per pixel in the Landsat images<span class="s3"><strong>. </strong></span>For validity, this analysis is merely graphic, and it shows a promising matching of urban development with environmental and land complaints, nevertheless, a numerical analysis is needed in the future.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Ocupación de la llanura aluvial e inundaciones en el Pirineo Central

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Serrano-Notivoli ◽  
D. Mora ◽  
A. Ollero ◽  
M. Sánchez-Fabre ◽  
P. Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Precipitation Events

Floods modify the natural dynamics of river environments and greatly affect urban areas, especially in mountain regions where flooding is frequent because of the precipitation characteristics and orographic configuration. In this study the vulnerability of the central sector of the Pyrenees to flood events was investigated using frequency analysis of daily flow and precipitation data for the period from 1940 to 2012 for the headwaters of the Aragón and Ésera rivers. The land use evolution over the past 60 years was also analyzed. The return periods showed that floods have not been exceptional, and the high flow frequency has been large and closely related to precipitation events. This, combined with a large increase in human occupation, particularly since the 1990s, of fluvial areas associated with the land use evolution since 1956, has increased exposure to flood risks.

scholarly journals Creating “Complete Communities” Through Commercial Land Use Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
New Form

The Ontario government has provided little guidance for municipalities regarding planning for retail development, despite expecting their land use policies to achieve the goals of sustainable and complete communities mandated through provincial policies. This paper examines the evolution of commercial land use policy over the past twenty years, in order to describe how municipalities have been planning commercial retail development to meet the objectives of the Growth Plan. During this time period, a new form of retail emerged known as “power retail”. This new form of retail has disrupted land use planners’ mandate to maintain the planned function of commercial hierarchies. Case studies of three municipalities in York Region (Vaughan, Richmond Hill and Markham) reveal that commercial land use policy has moved away from creating a commercial retail hierarchy based on planned function and have instead established an urban structure based on a hierarchy of intensification areas.

scholarly journals Creating “Complete Communities” Through Commercial Land Use Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
New Form

The Ontario government has provided little guidance for municipalities regarding planning for retail development, despite expecting their land use policies to achieve the goals of sustainable and complete communities mandated through provincial policies. This paper examines the evolution of commercial land use policy over the past twenty years, in order to describe how municipalities have been planning commercial retail development to meet the objectives of the Growth Plan. During this time period, a new form of retail emerged known as “power retail”. This new form of retail has disrupted land use planners’ mandate to maintain the planned function of commercial hierarchies. Case studies of three municipalities in York Region (Vaughan, Richmond Hill and Markham) reveal that commercial land use policy has moved away from creating a commercial retail hierarchy based on planned function and have instead established an urban structure based on a hierarchy of intensification areas.

Research Policy and Review 25. Modeling Land Use and Transportation: An Interpretive Review for Growth Areas

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Berechman ◽  
K A Small
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Economies Of Agglomeration ◽  
Future Work

Urban growth is taking new forms in recently urbanized or formerly suburban areas, characterized by low density, heavy dependence on automobile transportation, and multiple activity centers. In order to understand better such ‘contemporary urban areas’, researchers need land-use models that realistically capture the key features of such areas and that can handle detailed data sets. We review the literature on large-scale land-use modeling with this objective in mind. Characterizing the known models along several dimensions describing purpose, conceptual basis, mathematical content, and level of detail, we select models that are representative of the range of approaches taken. Six of these are reviewed in detail, and four others are discussed more briefly. We find that the existing literature forces one to choose between tractability and suitability for contemporary urban areas. The key omission in the tractable models is economies of agglomeration that would help explain the emergence of subcenters. Most tractable models also lack a dynamic structure suitable for handling rapid disequilibrium growth. Models that contain these two features are suitable for broad-brush computer simulation, but they cannot be calibrated with real disaggregated land-use data. This conclusion leads to some brief suggestions on directions for future work.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR USING OBJECT DETECTION METHODS AND LAND-USE AGGLOMERATION ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
S. Siewwuttanagul ◽  
Y. Hayashida ◽  
T. Inohae
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Urban Structures

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban structure plays a key role in providing available paths for pedestrian flow through urban areas. Land-use planning influences the accessibility behaviours of pedestrian movement controlled by urban structures, activities, and street networks with the unique attributes of each urban area. To improve urban spatial planning in terms of adopting effective land-use options and enhance a better public transportation accessibility, we consider combining the following two techniques; detection of pedestrians using computer vision, and trajectories of crowd movement using land-use agglomeration pattern analysis. Applying the proposed method to a high-density area composed of multi-directional crossings at a T-way junction in front of Hakata station, Fukuoka, Japan, it is shown that the derived correlation coefficient between the closeness value and the volume of commercial building space indicates a strong relationship between these two variables, resulting in the conclusion that the proposed method is useful for application in the design of urban spatial plans.</p>

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Nooraini Hj Yusoff ◽  
Wan Juliyana Wan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.

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