A Cost-Efficiency Approach to the Analysis of Congested Spatial-Interaction Behavior

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Class ◽  
Interaction Behavior ◽  
Efficiency Principle

A new approach is proposed for the analysis of spatial-interaction behavior under conditions of congestion. This approach, which is based on a cost-efficiency principle of interaction behavior, is shown to lead to a new class of exponential probability models for realized spatial-interaction patterns. In addition, these exponential trip-pattern models are shown to yield a natural stochastic generalization of the deterministic ‘user-equilibrium’ models currently employed in the analysis of urban traffic flows. In particular, such user-equilibria now constitute the ‘most probable states' in these new models.

A Cost-Efficiency Theory of Dispersed Network Equilibria

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Smoothing Techniques ◽  
Interaction Behavior ◽  
Estimation Procedures ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this paper is to unite two current approaches to modeling dispersed spatial-interaction behavior: the entropy-smoothing approach, and the cost-efficiency approach. The main result of the paper is to show that those interaction flows determined by entropy-smoothing techniques correspond (for large flows) to the most probable flow patterns consistent with cost-efficient spatial-interaction behavior. In addition, it is shown that under very general conditions, these flow patterns are indeed overwhelmingly most probable. Thus, these results establish a clear behavioral foundation for entropy-smoothing techniques in terms of the cost-efficiency theory. Finally, a number of statistical estimation procedures are developed for operationalizing this theory.

A New Approach to Surveillance for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Reproducibility and Cost Efficiency

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONJA M MCKINLAY ◽  
RICHARD A CARLETON ◽  
JOYCE L MCKENNEY ◽  
ANNLOUISE R ASSAF
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals New approach of ideal topological generalized closed sets

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Chinnapazham Santhini ◽  
M. Lellis Thivagar
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Functions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Closed Sets ◽  
New Class

In this paper,we introduce and investigate the notions of Iˆω -closed sets andI ˆω -continuous functions,maximal Iˆω -closed sets and maximal Iˆω -continuous functionsin ideal topological spaces.We also introduce a new class of spaces calledMTˆω -spaces.

Urban Traffic Coulomb’s Law: A New Approach for Taxi Route Recommendation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3024-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxuan Lai ◽  
Zheng Lv ◽  
Kuan-Ching Li ◽  
Minghong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Coulomb’S Law ◽  
Route Recommendation ◽  
Coulomb's Law

scholarly journals The Scale Effect on Spatial Interaction Patterns: An Empirical Study Using Taxi O-D data of Beijing and Shanghai

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51994-52003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiliang Zhang ◽  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xin Yao ◽  
Ximeng Cheng ◽  
Huagui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Scale Effect ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Patterns

An Alternative Information Theory Approach for Modelling Spatial Interaction

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Roy
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Kullback Information ◽  
Alternative Approaches

In the use of information theory for the development of forecasting models, two alternative approaches can be used, based either on Shannon entropy or on Kullback information gain. In this paper, a new approach is presented, which combines the usually superior statistical inference powers of the Kullback procedure with the advantages of the availability of calibrated ‘elasticity’ parameters in the Shannon approach. Situations are discussed where the combined approach is preferable to either of the two existing procedures, and the principles are illustrated with the help of a small numerical example.

scholarly journals New N-(oxazolylmethyl)-thiazolidinedione Active against Candida albicans Biofilm: Potential Als Proteins Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marc ◽  
Cătălin Araniciu ◽  
Smaranda Oniga ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Adrian Pîrnău ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Compounds

C. albicans is the most frequently occurring fungal pathogen, and is becoming an increasing public health problem, especially in the context of increased microbial resistance. This opportunistic pathogen is characterized by a versatility explained mainly by its ability to form complex biofilm structures that lead to enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance. In this context, a review of the known C. albicans biofilm formation inhibitors were performed and a new N-(oxazolylmethyl)-thiazolidinedione scaffold was constructed. 16 new compounds were synthesized and characterized in order to confirm their proposed structures. A general antimicrobial screening against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi, was performed and revealed that the compounds do not have direct antimicrobial activity. The anti-biofilm activity evaluation confirmed the compounds act as selective inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm formation. In an effort to substantiate this biologic profile, we used in silico investigations which suggest that the compounds could act by binding, and thus obstructing the functions of, the C. albicans Als surface proteins, especially Als1, Als3, Als5 and Als6. Considering the well documented role of Als1 and Als3 in biofilm formation, our new class of compounds that target these proteins could represent a new approach in C. albicans infection prevention and management.

SIDE FAULT MAPPING ENABLED BY 2D TRANSVERSE INVERSION ON NEW DEEP DIRECTIONAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thiel ◽  
◽  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
Dzevat Omeragic ◽  
Jean-Michel Denichou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
New Class ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Well Trajectory ◽  
Thickness Variations

Faulting is one type of structural trap for hydrocarbon reservoirs. With more and more fields moving toward the brownfield or mature operations stage of life, the opportunity to target bypassed or attic oil in the vicinity of bounding fault(s) is becoming more and more attractive to operators. However, without an effective logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool to locate and map a fault parallel to the well trajectory, it has been challenging and potentially high risk to optimally place a well to drain oil reserves near the fault. Operators often plan these horizontal wells at a significant distance away from the mapped fault position to avoid impacts to the well construction and production of the well. Often, the interpreted fault position, based on seismic data, can have significant lateral uncertainty, and uncertainties attached to standard well survey measurements make it challenging to place the well near the fault. This often results in the wells being placed much farther from the fault than expected, which is not optimal for maximizing recovery. In other cases, due to uncertainty in the location of the fault, the wells would accidentally penetrate the side faults and cause drilling and other issues. Conventional remote boundary detection LWD tools do not assist with locating the fault position, as they only detect formation boundaries above or below the trajectory and not to the side. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for mapping features like a fault parallel to the well trajectory, which was previously impossible to map accurately. This new approach utilizes a new class of deep directional resistivity measurements acquired by a reservoir mapping-while-drilling tool. The deep directional resistivity measurements are input to a newly devised inversion algorithm, resulting in high-resolution reservoir mapping on the transverse plane, which is perpendicular to the well path. These new measurements have a strong sensitivity to resistivity in contrast to the sides of the wellbore, making them suitable for side fault detection. The new inversion in the transverse plane is not limited to detecting a side fault; it can also map any feature on the transverse plane to the well path, which further broadens the application of this technology. Using the deep directional resistivity data acquired from a horizontal ultra-ERD well recently drilled in the Wandoo Field offshore Western Australia, the authors tested this approach against the well results and existing control wells. Excellent mapping of the main side fault up to 30 m to the side of the well was achieved with the new approach. Furthermore, the inversion reveals other interesting features like lateral formation thickness variations and the casing of a nearby well. In addition, the methodology of utilizing this new approach for guiding geosteering parallel to side fault in real time is elaborated, and the future applications are discussed.

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