Models of Movement: A Review of Alternative Methods

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Transition Rate ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Fixed State

This paper reviews methods available to analyse movement and in particular migration. Stochastic process models seem able to provide a framework for microanalysis which can incorporate much of the complexity of such processes. However, a consideration of the effect of macro-constraints, in the form of limited opportunities for movement and of interhousehold competition, leads to a distinction between fixed transition rate and fixed state occupancy models. Alternative approaches to fixed state occupancy models are considered, and some of their potential strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

Additive and Alternative Approaches to Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Muroff ◽  
Abigail Ross ◽  
Joseph Rothfarb
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy are “gold standard” treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), complementary and alternative treatments are frequently sought for anxiety disorders. The purpose of this chapter is to review and discuss the available research on the application, efficacy and effectiveness of complementary and alternative methods for treating OCD. The first section identifies and reviews studies focusing on specific alternative and complementary treatments that are independent from, or work in conjunction with CBT, such as yoga, herbal remedies, motivational strategies, and bibliotherapy. The second section discusses alternative and complementary methods of more mainstream CBT and related techniques, with a particular focus on technology-supported approaches. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the methodological issues in the existing research on complementary and alternative methods in the treatment of OCD, questions for future research, and implications for providers.

The effects of health histories on stochastic process models of aging and mortality

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli I. Yashin ◽  
Kenneth G. Manton ◽  
Max A. Woodbury ◽  
Eric Stallard
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Process Models

Replicating the Recovery following the 2014 South Napa Earthquake using Stochastic Process Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Kang ◽  
Henry V. Burton ◽  
Haoxiang Miao
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Repair Time ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Recovery Models ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Recovery Trajectory

Post-earthquake recovery models can be used as decision support tools for pre-event planning. However, due to a lack of available data, there have been very few opportunities to validate and/or calibrate these models. This paper describes the use of building damage, permitting, and repair data from the 2014 South Napa Earthquake to evaluate a stochastic process post-earthquake recovery model. Damage data were obtained for 1,470 buildings, and permitting and repair time data were obtained for a subset (456) of those buildings. A “blind” prediction is shown to adequately capture the shape of the recovery trajectory despite overpredicting the overall pace of the recovery. Using the mean time to permit and repair time from the acquired data set significantly improves the accuracy of the recovery prediction. A generalized model is formulated by establishing statistical relationships between key time parameters and endogenous and exogenous factors that have been shown to influence the pace of recovery.

scholarly journals Resonator Networks, 2: Factorization Performance and Capacity Compared to Optimization-Based Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2332-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer J. Kent ◽  
E. Paxon Frady ◽  
Friedrich T. Sommer ◽  
Bruno A. Olshausen
Keyword(s):  
Hadamard Product ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Factorization Problem ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
New Type ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

We develop theoretical foundations of resonator networks, a new type of recurrent neural network introduced in Frady, Kent, Olshausen, and Sommer ( 2020 ), a companion article in this issue, to solve a high-dimensional vector factorization problem arising in Vector Symbolic Architectures. Given a composite vector formed by the Hadamard product between a discrete set of high-dimensional vectors, a resonator network can efficiently decompose the composite into these factors. We compare the performance of resonator networks against optimization-based methods, including Alternating Least Squares and several gradient-based algorithms, showing that resonator networks are superior in several important ways. This advantage is achieved by leveraging a combination of nonlinear dynamics and searching in superposition, by which estimates of the correct solution are formed from a weighted superposition of all possible solutions. While the alternative methods also search in superposition, the dynamics of resonator networks allow them to strike a more effective balance between exploring the solution space and exploiting local information to drive the network toward probable solutions. Resonator networks are not guaranteed to converge, but within a particular regime they almost always do. In exchange for relaxing the guarantee of global convergence, resonator networks are dramatically more effective at finding factorizations than all alternative approaches considered.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Evidence That Systematic Phonics Is More Effective Than Alternative Methods of Reading Instruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Whole Language ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Initial Reading ◽  
State Schools

AbstractThere is a widespread consensus in the research community that reading instruction in English should first focus on teaching letter (grapheme) to sound (phoneme) correspondences rather than adopt meaning-based reading approaches such as whole language instruction. That is, initial reading instruction should emphasize systematic phonics. In this systematic review, I show that this conclusion is not justified based on (a) an exhaustive review of 12 meta-analyses that have assessed the efficacy of systematic phonics and (b) summarizing the outcomes of teaching systematic phonics in all state schools in England since 2007. The failure to obtain evidence in support of systematic phonics should not be taken as an argument in support of whole language and related methods, but rather, it highlights the need to explore alternative approaches to reading instruction.

scholarly journals Semantic domains in Picasso’s poetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i123-i128
Author(s):  
Luis Meneses ◽  
Enrique Mallen
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
Political Turmoil

Abstract The question of why Pablo Picasso dedicated a considerable amount of his time to writing around 1935 is open to speculation. Many have cited, among possible causes: the Spanish artist’s emotional crisis, the political turmoil in Europe in the period between the two wars, and the menace of a confrontation in Spain. All of these views are predicated on an assumed irreducible conflict between visual composition and verbal expression. However, we cannot forget that Picasso’s interest in alternative methods of expression might have started with his fascination for linguistic structure as a whole during his cubist period. In this article, we explore the possibility that the transition into poetry that we observe in Picasso is simply one more manifestation of his pursuit of alternative approaches to language as a means of representation. In this sense, one thing that remained to be determined was how concrete concepts in both languages cluster into representative semantic categories and how these categories interact with each other in semantic networks.

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