Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Metropolitan Decentralization: The Southern California Case

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Richardson ◽  
P Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Central City ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Employment Change ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Relative Proximity ◽  
Fiscal Impacts ◽  
The Relationship

This paper employs a matrix version of the Lowry model to generate spatially disaggregated employment and population impacts. The model is used to study the effects of the decentralization of basic employment in the Los Angeles metropolitan region from its central core to a suburban location in Orange County. Advantage is taken of the fact that the study region comprises a large number of separate fiscal jurisdictions, and so the model is extended to measure the fiscal impacts of the derived population and employment changes associated with this decentralization. It is shown that net impacts hide significant gross expansions and declines that occur at the geographically disaggregated level. The relocation of a given number of basic jobs from Los Angeles to peripheral Orange County has a marked impact on jobs, population, and public expenditures in individual cities, depending on their relative proximity to the sources of basic-employment change. Although the relationship between the central city and the suburbs is highly competitive, the central city may gain from spatial-multiplier impacts if the suburbs (especially close-in suburbs) attract jobs from outside the region.

Operating Speed on a Buffer-Separated Managed Lane

2017 ◽  
Vol 2616 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Fitzpatrick ◽  
Raul Avelar ◽  
Tomás E. Lindheimer
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Orange County ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Managed Lanes ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Buffer Width ◽  
The Relationship

Managed lanes typically are on or adjacent to freeways and are actively operated and managed to preserve operational performance—such as more optimal travel speeds—over comparable general-purpose traffic lanes. A study was conducted to evaluate speeds on existing buffer-separated managed lanes to identify variables that influence operating speed. Speed data from more than 130 unique sites in Los Angeles, California; Orange County, California; and Dallas, Texas, were used. All analyses showed that the managed lane volume and the speed in the general-purpose lanes were related to the speed in the managed lane (statistically significant). The Dallas analysis, which used speeds averaged by 1-min increments, showed that the factor with the most influence on uncongested managed lane speed was the managed lane’s geometry. The relationship between uncongested managed lane speed and the managed lane envelope (sum of left shoulder width, managed lane width, and buffer width) was found to be statistically significant. For each additional foot over a 16-ft envelope width, managed lane speed increased by approximately 3.2 mph. In contrast, the California analysis, which used speeds averaged by 1-h increments, showed that the variable having the most influence was the volume in the managed lane. The researchers theorized that the lack of a relationship between managed lane speed and geometry in California is related to those speeds being an average 1-h speed rather than the 1-min speeds available in Texas.

The implications of climate change on residential water use: a micro-scale analysis of Portland (OR), USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Shandas ◽  
Meenakshi Rao ◽  
Moriah McSharry McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Water

Social and behavioral research is crucial for securing environmental sustainability and improving human living environments. Although the majority of people now live in urban areas, we have limited empirical evidence of the anticipated behavioral response to climate change. Using empirical data on daily household residential water use and temperature, our research examines the implications of future climate conditions on water conservation behavior in 501 households within the Portland (OR) metropolitan region. We ask whether and how much change in ambient temperatures impact residential household water use, while controlling for taxlot characteristics. Based on our results, we develop a spatially explicit description about the changes in future water use for the study region using a downscaled future climate scenario. The results suggest that behavioral responses are mediated by an interaction of household structural attributes, and magnitude and temporal variability of weather parameters. These findings have implications for the way natural resource managers and planning bureaus prepare for and adapt to future consequences of climate change.

Prehospital Emergency Provider’s Knowledge of and Comfort With Pediatric and Special Needs Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Los Angeles County

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110039
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Rogers ◽  
Marianne Gausche-Hill ◽  
Laurie Lee Brown ◽  
Rita V. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Special Health Care Needs ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Special Health Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Health

The current study assesses the relationship between continuing education (CE) with a focus on pediatrics and children with special heath care needs and how CE influences the knowledge and comfort levels of prehospital providers who treat these cases. Data are survey responses provided by paramedic and emergency medical technician (EMT) level providers (N = 575) in Los Angeles County. Regression models assessed the relationship between pediatric-focused continuing education and EMTs’ knowledge of and comfort with pediatric cases, adjusting for relevant covariates. EMTs’ participation in continuing education focusing on pediatrics and special health care needs was significantly associated with an increase in perceived comfort and knowledge. Among EMTs who did not receive continuing education focused on either pediatrics or special health care needs, the most frequently reported barrier to education was a perceived lack of availability. The impact of continuing education on perceived comfort and knowledge was more pronounced than the effect of prior experience, especially considering the limited prevalence of provider exposure to pediatric and childhood special health care needs cases compared to adult cases. Expanding educational opportunities is a promising approach to increasing the comfort and knowledge of EMTs who transport and care for pediatric cases.

scholarly journals Review of the relationship between aggregates geology and Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1963-1980
Author(s):  
Solomon Adomako ◽  
Christian John Engelsen ◽  
Rein Terje Thorstensen ◽  
Diego Maria Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRock aggregates constitute the enormous volume of inert construction material used around the globe. The petrologic description as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types establishes the intrinsic formation pattern of the parent rock. The engineering properties of these rocks vary due to the differences in the transformation process (e.g. hydrothermal deposits) and weathering effect. The two most common mechanical tests used to investigate the performance of aggregates are the Los Angeles (LA) and micro-Deval (MD) tests. This study reviewed the geological parameters (including mineralogy, grain and crystal size, grain shape, and porosity) and the relationship to Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests. It was found that high content of primary minerals in rocks (e.g. quartz and feldspar) is a significant parameter for performance evaluation. Traces of secondary and accessory minerals also affect the performance of rocks, although in many cases it is based on the percentage. Furthermore, some studies showed that the effect of mineralogic composition on mechanical strength is not sufficient to draw final conclusions of mechanical performance; therefore, the impact of other textural characteristics should be considered. The disposition of grain size and crystal size (e.g. as result of lithification) showed that rocks composed of fine-grain textural composition of ≤ 1 mm enhanced fragmentation and wear resistance than medium and coarse grained (≥ 1 mm). The effect of grain shape was based on convex and concave shapes and flat and elongated apexes of tested samples. The equidimensional form descriptor of rocks somehow improved resistance to impact from LA than highly flat and elongated particles. Lastly, the distribution of pore space investigated by means of the saturation method mostly showed moderate (R = 0.50) to strong (R = 0.90) and positive correlations to LA and MD tests.

Food Insecurity Partially Mediates the Association Between Drug Use and Depressive Symptoms among Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, California

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David A. Wiss ◽  
Marjan Javanbakht ◽  
Michael J. Li ◽  
Michael Prelip ◽  
Robert Bolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Objective: To understand the relationship between drug use, food insecurity (FI), and mental health among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Cohort study (2014-2019) with at least one follow-up. Setting: Visits at 6-month intervals included self-assessment for FI and depressive symptoms. Urine testing results confirmed drug use. Factors associated with FI were assessed using multiple logistic regression with random effects for repeated measures. General structural equation modeling tested whether FI mediates the relationship between drug use and depressive symptoms. Participants: Data were from HIV-positive and high-risk HIV negative MSM in Los Angeles, CA (n=431; 1,192 visits). Results: At baseline, FI was reported by 50.8% of participants, depressive symptoms in 36.7%, and 52.7% of urine screening tests were positive for drugs (i.e., marijuana, opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy). A positive drug test was associated with a 96% increase in the odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.26-3.07). Compared to those with high food security, individuals with very low food security have a nearly 7-fold increase in the odds of reporting depressive symptoms (95% CI: 3.71-11.92). Findings showed 14.9% of the association between drug use (exposure) and depressive symptoms (outcome) can be explained by FI (mediator). Conclusion: The prevalence of FI among this cohort of HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative MSM was high; the association between drug use and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by FI. Findings suggest that enhancing access to food and nutrition may improve mood in the context of drug use, especially among MSM at risk for HIV-transmission.

scholarly journals Administrative Work and Job Role Beliefs in Primary Care Physicians: An Analysis of Semi-Structured Interviews

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989909
Author(s):  
Eric Apaydin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Job Roles ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Administrative Work ◽  
Job Role ◽  
The Relationship

Primary care physicians face increasing amounts of administrative work (e.g., entering notes into electronic health records, managing insurance issues, delivering test results, etc.) outside of face-to-face patient visits. The objective of this study is to qualitatively describe the experience that primary care physicians have with administrative work, with an emphasis on their beliefs about their job role. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 family physicians and internists in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Miami and qualitatively analyzed themes from interview transcripts using the grounded theory approach. Two major themes concerning the relationship between primary care physicians and administrative work were discovered: (a) Administrative work was not central to primary care physicians’ job role beliefs, and (b) “below license” work should be delegated to nonphysicians. Job roles should be considered in future efforts to reduce physician administrative work in primary care.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Concentration of Traffic-Related Pollutants and Meteorology at a Los Angeles Site

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Witz ◽  
Allan M. Larm ◽  
Bruce M. Elvin ◽  
Abe B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Wagner’s law testing in the Visegrád Four countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-430
Author(s):  
Žaneta Tesařová
Keyword(s):  
Var Model ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wagner’S Law ◽  
Vec Model ◽  
Wagner's Law ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis research paper analyses the relationship between gross domestic product and public expenditures in nominal terms. The analysis is being done by using the standard Peacock-Wiseman specification of the Wagner’s law and provides the results for the Visegrád Four countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. We aim to answer a question concerning the existence of a long and/or short-term relationship between the nominal GDP and nominal public expenditures, which consist of current and capital expenditures. To address this question, we employ the VAR model, the Johansen Cointegration test and the VEC model. We study a period between the first quarter of 1999 and the second quarter of 2019 and find out mixed results for the Visegrád Four countries.

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