Urban Dynamics and Urban Cycles

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Dendrinos
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Type A ◽  
Parameter Control ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Behavioral Variables

Some basic elements of catastrophe theory are discussed insofar as they relate to discontinuities observed in the allocation of economic activities in urban settings. The case of a dynamic model of the allocation of manufacturing and residential activities is presented in an open urban area as a model of a hyperbolic umbilic catastrophe. The dynamic equilibrium allocations of these two activities are identified as possible paths in the bifurcation set of the three parameter (control variables) and two behavioral-variables catastrophe type. A regulating function governing the urban system at the macroscale is discussed.

Urbane Ökonomien in Deutschland

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krätke
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Urban Economies ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Media Firms

Urban economies in Germany. Cluster potential and global interconnections. Urban economies are the leading locational centres of corporate headquarters, advanced producer services, the media sector, research and development, particular “knowledge-intensive” activity branches of the economy and innovative industrial growth sectors. The urban regions might be characterized as heterogenous agglomerations of economic activities, which include a number of sub-economies with different functions and forms of organisation.The urban regions’ economic potential reveils specific differences with regard to the large urban economic centres in West- and East-Germany. The different positions of particular urban economic centres in Germany and Europe as ancoring points of global firms’ organizational networks are being indicated with regard to global service providers and global media firms, emphasizing the global interconnections as an important development factor particularly in the metropoles of the urban system.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Tialla ◽  
Laibane Dieudonne Dahourou ◽  
Oubri Bassa Gbati
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Exotic Breed ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with major public health importance. To know more about this condition in Burkina Faso, this study was implemented to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pigs and cattle in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 600 cattle and 600 pigs with 300 samples from each species in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso. Data about age, sex, and breed of each animal were also noted. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to look for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies to T. gondii. Results: This study revealed a herd prevalence of 92.5% and 75%, respectively for porcine and bovine toxoplasmosis. At the individual level, we found a prevalence of 29% and 49.2% for cattle and pigs, respectively. For each species, we noticed a significant association between age, sex, breed husbandry system, and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence was significantly higher in female, intra-urban system, exotic breed, and animal <2 years old (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of T. gondii in pigs and cattle farms around Bobo-Dioulasso. Hence, in Bobo-Dioulasso, raw or undercooked meat consumption is a risk for T. gondii infection for human. Knowledge of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis will help to target prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Explaining the Dynamics of Small Towns in Western France by Testing ThWyjaśnianie dynamiki małych miast w zachodniej Francji poprzez testowanie trzech możliwych czynnikówree Possible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Baudelle ◽  
Louis-Thibault Buron
Keyword(s):  
Weak Link ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Potential Factor

In international literature, small cities are often presented as the weak link within the urban system due to their lower growth rate and the threat of shrinking in the context of metropolisation. However their population dynamics are highly variable between places, determined by a number of factors, such as the national and regional demographic trends or the local economic base. This article proposes a regional case study on Western France, examining their demographic changes from 1990 to 2015. Three possible factors based on underlying assumptions are tested: 1. the proximity of larger cities as a possible revitalisation factor due to urban sprawl; 2. The vicinity of the coast attributed to the growing role of residential attractiveness; 3. In a more original way, the distance to a railway station as a potential factor, boosted by the recent passenger railway service strengthening. The results are counter-intuitive and the assumptions only partially validated, which invites us to reassess the relevance of the analysis of urban dynamics by size class.

scholarly journals Analysis of orthogonal signal of dual-mass micro-machined gyroscope

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Zhanghui Wang ◽  
Fei Qi ◽  
Anping Qiu ◽  
Qin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Type A ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Type B ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Orthogonal Signal ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Coupling Stiffness ◽  
Coupling Error ◽  
Theoretical Accuracy

The dual-mass Silicon micro-machined gyroscope was processed by micro-fabrication technology. It could lead to quadrature coupling error and influence the output of the silicon micro-gyroscope. We select two commonly used gyroscope structures and analyze their quadrature coupling coefficient. Firstly, the complete dynamic model is proposed for the DMSG and the theoretical models of sensitivity and orthogonal signals are given by the dynamic model. Second, the influence of support structure on sensitivity and orthogonal signals are analyzed. The sensitivity and orthogonal signal of the two types of DMSG are derived and compared. The results show that the theoretical accuracy of the sensitivity and orthogonal signals can be improved about 50% and 30% after considering the support structure. The type-B gyroscope are insensitive to the Coriolis force (≈13% reduction) when compared to Type-A gyroscope. On the other hand the type-B gyroscope are insensitive to coupling stiffness (≈85% reduction) when compared to Type-A gyroscope. At last, the reliability of the theory is verified by simulations and experiments.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Urban Growth of Zuru Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-467
Author(s):  
Y.A. Maleeks ◽  
A.O. Aliyu ◽  
A. Bala ◽  
A.U. Isiaka ◽  
K.Z. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The pattern of development in a city is mostly governed by urban dynamics, with population increase being the primary driving force. Built-up cover is the most important predictor of urban expansion. Zuru metropolis in Kebbi State has witnessed remarkable developmental activities caused by human influences such as buildings, road constructions, and population growth for over decades. Urban growth was ascertained for a period of 30 years through the analysis of Landsat imagery of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. The datasets were classified into five (5) land covers, namely, built-up, water body, rocky surface, vegetation, and others. Quantitative assessment of the urban growth was ascertained by computing post-classification LC dynamics and Land Consumption Rate/Land Absorption Coefficient (LCR/LAC). The results showed that the built-up cover (urban area) conspicuously increased with area of 693.35 ha, 728.74 ha, 5210.5 ha and 6845.75 ha respectively for the period of study (1988 – 2018). The increment in built-up area was indicative of population growth from 1988 to 2018. The study revealed that between 1988 to 2018 showed that built-up increased by 11.78%, while rocky surface and water body have shrunk by 16.44% and 0.02% respectively, which can be attributed to anthropogenic activities in which rocky surface and waterbody have been transformed into built-up cover. It further revealed that the urban area experienced crowdedness in the years 2008 and 2018 respectively due to high LCR values of 2.71% compared to LCR values of 0.0714% and 0.0558% in 1988 and 1998. Land transformation into urban area and spread of the population to the outskirts of the study area was prominent between 1998 and 2008 due to high LAC value of 0.0998. The study concluded that there was transformation of rocky surface and waterbody into urban area, which was caused by population growth, human and agricultural activities in Zuru metropolis.

scholarly journals A national dataset of 30 m annual urban extent dynamics (1985–2015) in the conterminous United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuecao Li ◽  
Yuyu Zhou ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Wenting Cao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Urban Extent ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract. Dynamics of the urban extent at fine spatial and temporal resolutions over large areas are crucial for developing urban growth models and achieving sustainable development goals. However, there are limited practices of mapping urban dynamics with these two merits combined. In this study, we proposed a new method to map urban dynamics from Landsat time series data using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and developed a national dataset of annual urban extent (1985–2015) at a fine spatial resolution (30 m) in the conterminous United States (US). First, we derived the change information of urbanized years in four periods that were determined from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), using a temporal segmentation approach. Then, we classified urban extents in the beginning (1985) and ending (2015) years at the cluster level through the implementation of a change vector analysis (CVA)-based approach. We also developed a hierarchical strategy to apply the CVA-based approach due to the spatially explicit urban sprawl over large areas. The overall accuracy of mapped urbanized years is around 90 % with the 1-year tolerance strategy. The mapped urbanized areas in the beginning and ending years are reliable, with overall accuracies of 96 % and 88 %, respectively. Our results reveal that the total urban area increased by about 20 % during the period of 1985–2015 in the US, and the annual urban area growth is not linear over the years. Overall, the growth pattern of urban extent in most coastal states is plateaued over the past three decades while the states in the Midwestern US show an accelerated growth pattern. The derived annual urban extents are of great use for relevant urban studies such as urban area projection and urban sprawl modeling over large areas. Moreover, the proposed mapping framework is transferable for developing annual dynamics of urban extent in other regions and even globally. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8190920.v2 (Li et al., 2019c).

Industrial Hubs, Urban Systems, and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Edlam Abera Yemeru
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

Urbanization and industrialization have followed interconnected pathways throughout history. In an urban era where cities concentrate the world’s population and economic activity, industrial hubs development will be inextricably associated with urban dynamics. Cities offer specific advantages that enable industrial productivity, but this is differentiated across the urban system. This chapter reviews the relationship between cities and industrialization, with a specific focus on the role of national urban systems in industrial hubs development. In doing so, it makes a case for a focus on cities and urban systems as key determinants of industrial hubs development and outcomes.

scholarly journals Landuse change monitoring and population density analysis of Penjaringan, Cengkareng, and Cakung Urban Area in Jakarta Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Fitria Putri ◽  
Sunu Wibirama ◽  
Sri Rum Giyarsih ◽  
Aditya Pradana ◽  
Yanti Kusmiati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Landuse Change ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
The City

Rapid landuse change in an urban area is inevitable. Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia is experiencing rapid landuse change. Jakarta is the centre of administration, economic activities, and entertainment pull people coming in to Jakarta. The dynamics of demography in Jakarta influences landuse change strongly. This research use three districts in Jakarta to see how landuse change over period of time. They are Penjaringan, Cengkareng, and Cakungsubdistrict. By combining landuse data, demographic features, and spatial data, such as satellite imagery, landuse change can be monitored and explained. The most significant landuse changes are industrial area and settlements. Both landuses are expanding. Meanwhile open spaces are decresing in size. This happens due to high demand of settlements caused by migrants coming in to work in industrial are. The result of this phenomenon is slum area in the city and lack of opened green spaces that can degrade environmental quality.

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