The Stability of Regional Input—Output Multipliers

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Conway
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Minor Problem ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forecasting Errors ◽  
Over Time

Changes in regional input—output structures are studied by analyzing the temporal stability of income and output multipliers derived from the Washington State input—output tables for 1963, 1967, and 1972. One conclusion is that for impact analysis, as it is most commonly practiced, the instability of multipliers over time appears to be a minor problem. This judgment is based upon a comparison of forecasting errors in impact studies due to temporal changes in multipliers with forecasting errors arising from other aspects of the impact estimating procedure. The implication is that regional analysts should reassess the commonly felt need to update tables on a regular basis.

Statistical Approaches to Structural Change in Regional Interindustry Models

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1207
Author(s):  
B Ó Huallacháin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
State Data ◽  
System A ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The conventional approach to assessing structural change in regional input – output tables is to measure the impact of coefficient change on the estimation of outputs and multipliers. The methods developed and tested in this paper focus exclusively on the coefficients. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses can be used to identify and measure various types of changes ranging from coefficient instability to changes in interindustry relationships as a system. A distinction is made between structural changes in input relationships and those in output relationships. The methods are tested by using Washington State data for the years 1963 and 1967. The results are compared with previous analyses of change in these data.

scholarly journals Reliability and practical aspects of the disease impact measure on hypertensive patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Bigatti Bellizzotti Pavan ◽  
Kátia Melissa Padilha ◽  
Simey de Lima Lopes Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Cecília Jayme Bueno Gallani
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Disease Impact ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, the ceiling and floor effects and the reliability of the Instrument to Measure the Impact of Coronary Disease on Patient's Daily Life (IDCV) when applied to hypertensive patients. METHOD: one hundred and thirty seven hypertensive outpatients were interviewed, using questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, followed by the IDCV. Reliability was assessed according to the temporal stability and internal consistency criteria. RESULTS: the IDCV was applied in 8.0 (±3.0) minutes with 100% of the items answered. A ceiling effect of 31.4% was observed in the domain Adjustment to the Disease. The stability measure was observed for the total score and for all domains. There was evidence of internal consistency of the total IDCV (α=0.83) and the domains Physical Impact of the Disease - Symptoms (α=0.78) and Social and Emotional Impact of the Disease (α=0.74). CONCLUSION: the IDCV is an instrument of easy use and its reliability among hypertensive patients is evidenced. The domain Adjustment to the Disease, however, should be reviewed in further studies.

A Systems Approach for Modeling Interactions Among the Sustainable Development Goals Part 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zelinka ◽  
Bernard Amadei
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Soft Systems ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article presents a methodology using system dynamics to model the time-dependent progress of each one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as their mutual interactions. The hard-systems approach presented herein complements a soft-systems, cross-impact analysis approach presented in part 1. To accomplish this, a modified logistic innovation-diffusion model is used to represent the progress of individual SDGs over time. Then, matrix transposition is used to model the SDGs' interactions. Combining these two techniques into one system dynamics model, the authors propose an analytical, quantifiable, and easily learned tool to understand the complex interplay among the SDGs as a system. The new web-based tool can be used to analyze several scenarios of the SDGs over time to understand the impact of a certain policy or economic intervention. This article is the second of a sequence of two papers analyzing the interactions between the SDGs in a systemic manner.

scholarly journals Age differences in the temporal stability of a male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) social network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Murphy ◽  
Hannah S Mumby ◽  
Michelle D Henley
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Older Males ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Social animals live in complex and variable socio-ecological environments where individuals adapt their behavior to local conditions. Recently, there have been calls for studies of animal social networks to take account of temporal dynamics in social relationships as these have implications for the spread of information and disease, group cohesion, and the drivers of sociality, and there is evidence that maintaining stable social relationships has fitness benefits. It has recently been recognized that male elephants form strong social bonds with other males. The nature of these relationships, and thus network structure, may vary over time in response to varying environmental conditions and as individuals age. Using social network analysis, we examine the stability of relationships and network centrality in a population of male African elephants. Our results suggest that males may maintain stable social relationships with others over time. Older males show greater stability in network centrality than younger males, suggesting younger males face uncertainty in transitioning to adult society. For elephants, where older individuals function as social repositories of knowledge, maintaining a social network underpinned by older males could be of particular importance.

Ripple Effect in Web Applications

2012 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Nashat Mansour ◽  
Nabil Baba
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Change Impact Analysis ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Web

The number of internet web applications is rapidly increasing in a variety of fields and not much work has been done for ensuring their quality, especially after modification. Modifying any part of a web application may affect other parts. If the stability of a web application is poor, then the impact of modification will be costly in terms of maintenance and testing. Ripple effect is a measure of the structural stability of source code upon changing a part of the code, which provides an assessment of how much a local modification in the web application may affect other parts. Limited work has been published on computing the ripple effect for web application. In this paper, the authors propose, a technique for computing ripple effect in web applications. This technique is based on direct-change impact analysis and dependence analysis for web applications developed in the .Net environment. Also, a complexity metric is proposed to be included in computing the ripple effect in web applications.

Ripple Effect in Web Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nashat Mansour ◽  
Nabil Baba
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Dependence Analysis ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Change

The number of internet web applications is rapidly increasing in a variety of fields and not much work has been done for ensuring their quality, especially after modification. Modifying any part of a web application may affect other parts. If the stability of a web application is poor, then the impact of modification will be costly in terms of maintenance and testing. Ripple effect is a measure of the structural stability of source code upon changing a part of the code, which provides an assessment of how much a local modification in the web application may affect other parts. Limited work has been published on computing the ripple effect for web application. In this paper, the authors propose, a technique for computing ripple effect in web applications. This technique is based on direct-change impact analysis and dependence analysis for web applications developed in the .Net environment. Also, a complexity metric is proposed to be included in computing the ripple effect in web applications.

scholarly journals Shared ancestry influences community stability by altering competitive interactions: evidence from a laboratory microcosm experiment using freshwater green algae

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20131548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Venail ◽  
Markos A. Alexandrou ◽  
Todd H. Oakley ◽  
Bradley J. Cardinale
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Community Biomass ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The impact of biodiversity on the stability of ecological communities has been debated among biologists for more than a century. Recently summarized empirical evidence suggests that biodiversity tends to enhance the temporal stability of community-level properties such as biomass; however, the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, we report the results of a microcosm study in which we used simplified systems of freshwater microalgae to explore how the phylogenetic relatedness of species influences the temporal stability of community biomass by altering the nature of their competitive interactions. We show that combinations of two species that are more evolutionarily divergent tend to have lower temporal stability of biomass. In part, this is due to negative ‘selection effects’ in which bicultures composed of distantly related species are more likely to contain strong competitors that achieve low biomass. In addition, bicultures of distantly related species had on average weaker competitive interactions, which reduced compensatory dynamics and decreased the stability of community biomass. Our results demonstrate that evolutionary history plays a key role in controlling the mechanisms, which give rise to diversity–stability relationships. As such, patterns of shared ancestry may help us predict the ecosystem-level consequences of biodiversity loss.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of primate scent samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C. Poirier ◽  
John S. Waterhouse ◽  
Jacob C. Dunn ◽  
Andrew C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Natural Decay ◽  
Over Time

AbstractA common recommendation in the field of animal chemosignaling is to store and transport scent samples frozen, since they are likely to change with time and degrade due to bacterial activity inside the sample containers and the loss of the most volatile compounds. However, we still ignore the exact pattern of change or degradation for these types of samples. Here we experimentally tested the stability of primate scent samples during analytical procedures. For this purpose, we used swabs of naturally deposited glandular secretions from captive tamarins (Neotropical primates) analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We successively extracted the samples by solid-phase microextraction, while controlling for the delay between extractions, and compared the number of compounds detected in the samples under each condition. We found that compounds were lost and transformed over time inside the sample vials. Such natural decay of scent signals is likely to contribute to the long term information transmitted. We found no evidence that long delays at room temperature affected sample chemical composition more than short delays. Nonetheless, we showed that repeated extraction of a sample increased the loss of compounds. The changes in sample chemical composition observed over time in this experiment support standard recommendation to avoid storing samples for long periods at room temperature and to extract each sample only once, in order to ensure optimum results.

scholarly journals Temporal stability of stimulus representation increases along rodent visual cortical hierarchies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Piasini ◽  
Liviu Soltuzu ◽  
Paolo Muratore ◽  
Riccardo Caramellino ◽  
Kasper Vinken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCortical representations of brief, static stimuli become more invariant to identity-preserving transformations along the ventral stream. Likewise, increased invariance along the visual hierarchy should imply greater temporal persistence of temporally structured dynamic stimuli, possibly complemented by temporal broadening of neuronal receptive fields. However, such stimuli could engage adaptive and predictive processes, whose impact on neural coding dynamics is unknown. By probing the rat analog of the ventral stream with movies, we uncovered a hierarchy of temporal scales, with deeper areas encoding visual information more persistently. Furthermore, the impact of intrinsic dynamics on the stability of stimulus representations grew gradually along the hierarchy. A database of recordings from mouse showed similar trends, additionally revealing dependencies on the behavioral state. Overall, these findings show that visual representations become progressively more stable along rodent visual processing hierarchies, with an important contribution provided by intrinsic processing.

scholarly journals A large-scale survey on finger counting routines, their temporal stability and flexibility in educated adults

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Hohol ◽  
Kinga Wołoszyn ◽  
Hans-Christoph Nuerk ◽  
Krzysztof Cipora
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Finger Counting ◽  
Bodily Activity ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stability Of Preferences ◽  
Over Time

A strong link between bodily activity and number processing has been established in recent years. Although numerous observations indicate that adults use finger counting (FC) in various contexts of everyday life for different purposes, existing knowledge of FC routines and their use is still limited. In particular, it remains unknown how stable the (default) FC habits are over time and how flexible they can be. To investigate these questions, 380 Polish participants completed a questionnaire on their FC routines, the stability of these routines, and the context of FC usage, preceded by the request to count on their fingers from 1 to 10. Next, the test–retest stability of FC habits was examined in 84 participants 2 months following the first session. To the best of our knowledge, such a study design has been adopted for the first time. The results indicate that default FC routines of the majority of participants (75%) are relatively stable over time. At the same time, FC routines can flexibly adapt according to the situation (e.g., when holding an object). As regards prevalence, almost all participants, in line with previous findings on Western individuals, declared starting from the closed palm and extending consecutive fingers. Furthermore, we observed relations between FC preferences and handedness (more left-handers start from the left hand) and that actual finger use is still widespread in healthy adults for a variety of activities (the most prevalent uses of FC are listing elements, presenting arguments and plans, and calendar calculations). In sum, the results show the practical relevance of FC in adulthood, the relative stability of preferences over time along with flexible adaptation to a current situation, as well as an association of FC routines with handedness. Taken together our results suggest that FC is the phenomenon, which is moderated or mediated by multiple embodied factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document