An Approach to Urban Modelling and Evaluation a Residential Model: 2. Implicit Prices for Housing Services

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F Apps
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
Implicit Prices ◽  
Using Data

This is the second of three papers which describe a model of housing demand, using data from the town of Reading, Berkshire. The first paper sets out the theoretical framework for the model. This second paper documents the results for housing price indices and implicit prices for housing services, or characteristics, such as accessibility to employment and to schools, floor space, age, storey height, and number of garages. The third paper contains results for housing demand equations at three levels of aggregation, and for the real annual costs paid for similar housing in different tenure groups. The research is concerned with ways of obtaining information which is directly relevant to cost-benefit analysis in urban planning, information concerning what are urban services, the relative prices for the services, and the types of environments that produce these services. While the empirical work is restricted by the available data to a cross-section study of demand, the approach might be usefully applied to all types of urban analyses which involve evaluation.

An Approach to Urban Modelling and Evaluation a Residential Model: 3. Demand Equations for Housing Services

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F Apps
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
The Third ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
Implicit Prices

This is the third of three papers describing a model of housing demand calibrated with data for Reading, Berkshire. The first paper, “A residential model: 1. Theory”, presents the assumptions and the theoretical framework for the model which is based on ideas in modern microeconomics. The second paper, “A residential model: 2. Implicit prices for housing services”, describes results for housing price indices, and implicit demand prices for housing characteristics and accessibility measures as services. This third paper contains demand equations, obtained by multiple regression, for housing services aggregated at three levels as a function of household attributes such as income, social status, household size, and stage in family cycle. Further, the paper includes a study of tenure where the real housing costs paid for similar housing by different households are calculated.

An Approach to Urban Modelling and Evaluation a Residential Model: 1. Theory

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F Apps
Keyword(s):  
Housing Demand ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
Implicit Prices ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Town

This is the first of three papers describing a model of housing demand. The present paper sets out the theoretical framework for the model, which is based on a number of recent theories in economics. The main interest in the research lies in the development of urban models for obtaining information directly relevant to the analysis of costs and benefits for alternative urban programs, in this case housing programs. The research for the housing model, therefore, is concerned with housing services, their relative demand prices, and demand equations for these services. The second paper, “A residential model: 2. Implicit prices for housing services”, contains results for demand prices for housing characteristics as services estimated by multiple regression analysis, using data for selling price and housing characteristics from the town of Reading, Berkshire. The research described in the third paper, “A residential model: 3. Demand equations for housing services”, includes results for the wide differences in prices for similar housing between tenure groups, and for demand equations for housing services at three levels of aggregation as a function of household attributes of income, social status, stage in family cycle, and household size.

scholarly journals Farm practices as they affect NH3 emissions from beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sheppard ◽  
S. Bittman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The West ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data

Sheppard, S. C. and Bittman, S. 2012. Farm practices as they affect NH 3 emissions from beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 525–543. Beef cattle farms in Canada are very diverse, both in size and management. Because the total biomass of beef cattle in Canada is larger than any other livestock sector, beef also has the potential for the largest environmental impact. In this study we estimate NH3 emissions associated with beef cattle production across Canada using data on farm practices obtained from a detailed survey answered by 1380 beef farmers in 11 Ecoregions. The farms were various combinations of cow/calf, backgrounding and finishing operations. The proportion of animals on pasture varied markedly among Ecoregions, especially for cows and calves, and this markedly affected the estimated NH3 emissions. The crop components of feed also varied among Ecoregions, but the resulting crude protein concentrations were quite consistent for both backgrounding and finishing cattle. Manure was stored longer in the west than in the east, and fall spreading of manure was notably more common in the west, especially when spread on tilled land. The estimated NH3 emissions per animal were relatively consistent across Ecoregions for confinement production, but because the proportion of animals on pasture varied with Ecoregion, so did the overall estimated NH3 emissions per animal. Temperature is a key factor causing Ecoregion differences, although husbandry and manure management practices are also important. Hypothetical best management practices had little ability to reduce overall emission estimates, and could not be implemented without detailed cost/benefit analysis.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Participant Sports Events: A Case Study for the Winter World Masters Games 2020 in Tyrol, Austria

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Petri Lintumäki ◽  
Hannes Winner ◽  
Sabrina Scheiber ◽  
Anna Mederle ◽  
Martin Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
Organizational Resource ◽  
Novel Method

The Winter World Masters Games (WWMGs) are a large sports event for 30+-year-old athletes. As there are neither competitive qualification requirements for participants, nor entrance fees for spectators, the event can be considered as a participatory sports tourism event rather than a spectator event. In 2020, the WWMGs were staged in Innsbruck, Tyrol. In this study, we estimate the payoff of the event for the regional economy by assessing the impacts generated by participant spending and organizational expenditure. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of the masters sports concept. Our empirical work is based on three distinct analyses: (1) economic impact analysis of participant spending, (2) cost-benefit analysis of organizational resource flows, and (3) discussion of impacts with experts in a focus group setting. Our results support the previous findings that masters sports events attract rather affluent and consumption-oriented participants. Indeed, the WWMGs were found to have a regional economic impact of €6.18 million and an estimated yield of €4.40 for each publicly subsidized euro. For an audience interested in the economic impact of events, this paper presents a novel method for handling non-normal expenditure distributions and adds to the understanding of how visitor segmentation can be utilized in an assessment of event impacts.

scholarly journals A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Automated Physiological Data Acquisition Systems Using Data-Driven Modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Franco van Wyk ◽  
Anahita Khojandi ◽  
Brian Williams ◽  
Don MacMillan ◽  
Robert L. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition Systems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Driven Modeling

scholarly journals A Non-Market Valuation Approach to Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis for Sanitary Landfill Project Appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7718
Author(s):  
Nik Nor Rahimah Nik Ab Rahim ◽  
Jamal Othman ◽  
Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh ◽  
Norshamliza Chamhuri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
Implicit Prices ◽  
Non Market Valuation

Extensive non-engineered landfilling practice in developing countries has raised environmental concerns, but operating a sanitary landfill appears infeasible due to financial incapability. This study aims to determine the feasibility of a sanitary landfill project by including its environmental values into the project appraisal while simultaneously applying three policy-relevant methods—non-market valuation, benefits transfer, and cost-benefit analysis—in two study areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The non-market valuation study used choice modeling, a questionnaire-based technique, to elicit willingness to pay among 624 households toward the environmental attributes of the sanitary landfill. Their responses resulted in the monetary values of the environmental attributes by referring to implicit prices of leachate discharge, bad odor, disease vector and view. The implicit prices of bad odor (RM2.29 per month) and view (RM3.59 per month) in the two study areas were transferable and used as a proxy of additional solid waste disposal payment in environmental cost-benefit analysis. Positive net present value offers empirical evidence of the feasibility of the sanitary landfill project. The findings show that the inclusion of environmental values in project appraisals increases the chances of implementing sanitary landfills, providing a new approach to address the environmental concerns in developing countries. Future research should consider the external costs along with the external benefits to allow for a comprehensive comparison between environmental values in environmental cost-benefit analysis.

The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hird
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Distributive Politics ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Pork Barrel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Legislative Influence

In previous studies of distributive politics scholars have investigated legislative influence without accounting for the policies' independent merits. As a result, they have failed to include a plausible explanation of the counterfactual (i.e., which projects would have been funded in the absence of congressional committee influence), which has led to invalid inferences regarding legislative influence. The model of distributive politics is reformulated to account for an assumed efficient and/or equitable project allocation in the absence of legislative influence. Using data from proposed Army Corps of Engineers' projects and the funding recommendations of three institutions, the findings indicate that pork barrel politics indeed exists and imposes significant efficiency costs but that both equity and economic efficiency play prominent roles in the decision-making process as well. Cost-benefit analysis is seen to play a constructive role by improving the efficiency of project choice; and the corps's cost-benefit analysis guidelines are beneficial from the agency's organizational perspective, as well.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of dollarization, Ecuador case

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Carmen Álvarez-Vásquez ◽  
Víctor F. Guaranda-Sornoza ◽  
Lilian del Jesús Aguilar-Ponce ◽  
Antonio E. Pinargote-Vásquez ◽  
Diana K. Zambrano-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
International Database ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Benefits And Costs

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper analyses the reasons why Ecuador changed its monetary policy by substituting the national currency Sucre by US Dollar; the benefits and costs of dollarization in Ecuador; examines economic performance by using data collected by the Central Bank and International database available, the period from 1996 to 2007 have been chosen for this study; and uses variables like GDP, Foreign Direct Investment, Debt, Taxes and Inflation.</p>

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