An Analysis of an Urban Thoroughfare

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Hartwick ◽  
J M Hartwick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business District

This paper considers the economic impact of an urban transportation thoroughfare emanating from the central business district of a city to agricultural land. Utilizing the elements of microeconomic theory, namely the models of the producer and of the consumer, we have made an analysis of how a residential area develops around a thoroughfare under different assumptions including transportation costs along the thoroughfare, and the technology of producing residential dwellings in the surrounding area. This contribution can be looked upon as the analysis of residential development in a star-shaped city; the focus is on one branch of the star. With the aid of computer graphics, alternative economic landscapes surrounding the thoroughfare are simulated. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the nature of city-forming forces which are generated by the decision making of producers and consumers in spatially defined areas. By demonstrating in the particular case of an urban thoroughfare the powerful city-forming influences of decision making of city dwellers, it is hoped that urban policy makers may be alerted to some different aspects of the ongoing processes of urban change.

scholarly journals SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR INDUSTRIES USING GIS AND MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. Saran ◽  
K. V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The People ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Hierarchy Process

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Developing countries have to be very cautious in utilizing the land as they affect the food security, cause damage to environment and an ecological imbalance might be created in the process of establishing industries to raise the standard of living of the people from poverty. India, as a developing nation with sufficient amount of arable land at present is producing surplus food which is sufficient for all the population, in the recent decades loosing productive agricultural land without proper scientific solution for industries. This is a major concern because it causes not only food scarcity but dependency on the other nations even though we have lot of industries. We need to maintain a balance between Agriculture and manufacturing sectors to have smooth run of the country’s economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the land use changes in the areas for recent years which have potential for industrial establishment through land suitability analysis (LSA) to emphasize both agriculture and industries with sustainable development. Geographic information Systems (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) are combined to distinctly identify the suitable zones for industries. Six criteria in Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP) and nine criteria in Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are evaluated by spatial analysis using ArcGIS software. Considerable amount of productive agricultural land is diverted to non agricultural purposes during last 12 years i.e., from 2004&amp;ndash;2016, which is at first taken for industrial establishment. Results obtained by the methodology we followed have given considerable accuracy by cross checking the previously established industries with suitability regions. Thus GIS and MCDM can assist the policy makers and planning officials to get a better overview with the resources they possess to carry forward with less damage to environment and agricultural land.</p>

Urban Inequality in the United States

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Business District ◽  
Unequal Opportunities

Urban inequality is a multidisciplinary field that incorporates political economists, geographers, sociologists, anthropologists, and historians, who describe the existence of unequal opportunities in urban spaces. Inequality manifests in a growing gap between the rich and poor and the dominance of unequal opportunities and access across the urban landscape. Vulnerable communities, including the poor and racial and ethnic groups, can be the most impacted by inequality. While inequality exists everywhere, American urban inequality is traditionally understood as being more concentrated in spaces in proximity to a city’s central business district. Efforts toward privatization, increasing global investment, and urban redevelopment reflect trends in replacing social welfare with private capital, increasing the vulnerability of urban inhabitants, but also providing a glaring illustration of who is most effected. Given this, what has developed in urban spaces with cumulative racial, economic, and gendered disadvantages is a mix of cultural norms, but also survival strategies, networks, and resistance. Political economists and geographers are useful at describing how economic engines of cities influence urban policy, and in turn disproportionately negatively affect neighborhoods with less social capital. Sociologists, anthropologists, and historians are useful in recounting the specific historical processes by which segregation and deindustrialization, to name a few factors, led to the stigmatization of urban spaces. What develops are specific frames and connections to unequal spaces that result in new cultural norms and new relationships in city neighborhoods as they face transitions with increasing private development.

scholarly journals An Integrated Multi Criteria Decision Making Model for Evaluating Park-and-Ride Facility Location Issue: A Case Study for Cuenca City in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7461
Author(s):  
Jairo Ortega ◽  
Sarbast Moslem ◽  
Juan Palaguachi ◽  
Martin Ortega ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Facility Location Problem ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Business District

A park-and-ride (P&R) system is a set of facilities where private vehicle users can transfer to public transport to continue their journey. The main advantage of the system is decreasing the congestion in the central business district. This paper aims to analyze the most significant factors related to a Park-and-Ride facility location by adopting a combined model of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Best Worst Method (BWM). The integrated model is applicable for complex problems, which can be structured as a hierarchy with at least one 5 × 5 pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) (or bigger). Applying AHP for at least 5 × 5 PCM may generate inconsistent matrices, which may cause a loss of reliable information. As a solution for this gap, we conducted BWM, which generates more consistent comparisons compared to the AHP approach. Moreover, the model requires fewer comparisons compared to the classic AHP approach. That is the main reason of adopting the AHP-BWM model to evaluate Park-and-Ride facility location factors for a designed two-level hierarchical structure. As a case study, a real-world complex decision-making process was selected to evaluate the Park-and-Ride facility location problem in Cuenca city, Ecuador. The result shows that the application of multi-criteria methods becomes a planning tool for experts when designing a P&R system.

scholarly journals PUSAT INTEGRASI AGRIKULTUR DI BUMI SERPONG DAMAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Yunior Dharma Aryindra ◽  
Petrus Rudi Kasimun
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business District

The government has the idea to develop a Modern Agricultural Zone in BSD (Bumi Serpong Damai) covering an area of 36ha which can support for 700ha of agricultural land around the area. We need a place where producers, consumers and the public can gather together to explore, develop and share experiences in the food production system in urban area. This will be great first movement for the next greater movement so that agriculture can merge into city-life and become a daily life for the urban community. Agricultural Hub in BSD has potentiallity to reduce barriers between consumers and producers which usually take long times cyclus because production activies are carried in the villages and sales in urban areas, but with this Agricultral Hub we can break the long chain so it can create a sustainable and efficient cyclus. Because this building located in the middle of the city, it provides direct education for the urban community about agriculture and the renewal and development of agricultural technologies. Agricultural Hub in Bumi Serpong Damai operates with a number of main programs whose serving and providing all cyclus of the food production process to reach consumers. Starting from production, process, cooking to sales available in here, plus there are research facilities and offices for young start-ups who want to enter the world of agriculture. Located in the CBD (Central Business District) of BSD and directly adjacent to agricultural land makes Agricultural Hub in Bumi Serpong Damai a connector between urban areas and agricultural land, which make benefit to the areas. AbstrakPemerintah memiliki gagasan untuk mengembangkan Kawasan Pertanian Modern di BSD (Bumi Serpong Damai) seluas 36 Ha yang dapat memberikan dukungan terhadap lahan pertanian seluas 700 Ha di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan wadah produsen kota. Pusat Integrasi Agrikultur memiliki potensi dirancang untuk mengurangi hambatan antara konsumen dan produsen yang biasanya berlangsung secara berjenjang dan panjang namun dengan adanya pusat ini dapat memutuskan rantai tersebut sehingga dapat menciptakan iklim yang berkelanjutan dan efisien. Serta dengan letaknya yang berada di tengah kota memberikan edukasi secara langsung bagi masyarakat kota mengenai apa itu pertanian serta pembaharuan dan pengembangan teknologi-teknologi pertanian. Pusat Integrasi Agrikultur di Bumi Serpong Damai beroperasi dengan beberapa program utama yang sifatnya melayani dan menyediakan semua  tahapan proses produksi pangan hingga sampai ke tangan konsumen. Dimulai dari produksi, proses, memasak hingga penjualan tersedia disini ditambah dengan adanya fasilitas riset dan kantor bagi start-up muda yang ingin masuk ke dalam dunia agrikultur juga tersedia di sini. Dengan lokasi yang berada di kawasan CBD (Central Business District) BSD serta berbatasan langsung dengan lahan pertanian menjadikan Pusat Integrasi Agrikultur sebagai konektor antara kawasan perkotaan dan lahan pertanian, yang tidak memutus tetapi menyambungkan antar keduanya.

scholarly journals Survival strategies for SMEs in hyperinflationary environments: Lessons from SMEs in Harare central business district

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Joseph Chisasa
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Business District ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Lack of credit led to the failure of many Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe from 2005 to 2009 when inflation peaked at 231 million percent. The article attempted to determine how SMEs survived during this period. Survey data collected from 120 SMEs in Harare was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results show that SMEs encountering credit constraints use illegal strategies such as hoarding of stock and converting cash sales to stable currencies in the black market. The article demonstrates that policy makers should create a stable operating environment in order to benefit from SME participation in the economy.

scholarly journals Comparing the Impacts of Location Attributes on Residents’ Preferences and Residential Values in Compact Cities: A Case Study of Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4867
Author(s):  
Yunxi Bai ◽  
Jusheng Song ◽  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jacqueline T. Y. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Business District ◽  
Housing Attributes

In recent years, environmentally-friendly, sustainable, and compact development has become increasingly popular with governments. An extensive body of literature has focused on the influence on housing prices from an economic perspective. Although residential urban planning from the perspective of individual needs must be considered, little attention has been paid to residents’ demands in high-density and compact urban areas. In this study, we selected Hong Kong as the case and adopted a reliability interval method to rank residential attitude metrics, which indicated residents’ neighborhood needs in densely populated cities. The influences of location attributes on residents’ demands and residential value were compared. A hedonic price model was used to estimate the impacts of the attributes on housing prices. The results showed that both access to metro stations and median household income had important influences on residents’ preferences and housing prices. However, access to the central business district contributed largely to housing prices but not to residents’ attitudes. These findings support urban planners and policy makers during sustainable residential planning and policy formation by understanding residents’ needs in compact urban areas, help them to optimize the match between housing attributes and residents’ expectations, and balance the relationship between residents’ needs and economic interest.

scholarly journals Assessment of Recreational Facilities in Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Kanayo Ezeamaka ◽  
Olumide Akinwumi Oluwole
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business District ◽  
Sustainability Principles

Abuja Master Plan provided development of adequate Green Areas and other Recreational Facilities within the Federal Capital City (FCC), as part of its sustainability principles and provided for these recreational facilities within each neighborhood (FCDA, 1979). However, there have been several recent foul cries about the negative development of recreational facilities and the abuse of the Master Plan in the FCC.  The motivation for carrying out this study arose from the observation that recreational facilities in Phase 1 of the Federal Capital City Abuja are not clearly developed as intended by the policy makers and thus, the need to identify the recreational facilities in the Phase 1 of FCC and observe their level of development as well as usage. The field survey revealed that the Central Business District and Gazupe have higher numbers of recreational facilities with 45 and 56. While Wuse II (A08) and Wuse II (A07) Districts have lesser recreational facilities with 10 and 17. The field survey further revealed that all the districts in Phase 1 have over 35% cases of land use changes from recreational facilities to other use. The survey shows that over 65% of these recreational facilities are fully developed. The study also shows that just about 11% of the recreational sporting facilities were developed in line with the Abuja Master Plan in Phase 1. The study revealed that recreational facilities in Phase 1 of the FCC, Abuja has not being developed in compliance with the Abuja Master Plan.

Continuous Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng Bum Michael Yoo ◽  
Benjamin Hayden ◽  
John Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Engineering Control ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Academic Study

Humans and other animals evolved to make decisions that extend over time with continuous and ever-changing options. Nonetheless, the academic study of decision-making is mostly limited to the simple case of choice between two options. Here we advocate that the study of choice should expand to include continuous decisions. Continuous decisions, by our definition, involve a continuum of possible responses and take place over an extended period of time during which the response is continuously subject to modification. In most continuous decisions, the range of options can fluctuate and is affected by recent responses, making consideration of reciprocal feedback between choices and the environment essential. The study of continuous decisions raises new questions, such as how abstract processes of valuation and comparison are co-implemented with action planning and execution, how we simulate the large number of possible futures our choices lead to, and how our brains employ hierarchical structure to make choices more efficiently. While microeconomic theory has proven invaluable for discrete decisions, we propose that engineering control theory may serve as a better foundation for continuous ones. And while the concept of value has proven foundational for discrete decisions, goal states and policies may prove more useful for continuous ones.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document