Overinterpretation of the role of cytokeratin 19 RT-PCR of sentinel nodes in breast carcinoma

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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Challenges in the correct assessment of a case of aggressive thyroid carcinoma with synchronous breast cancer, case report and review of the literature: essential role of radiopharmaceuticals

Current Radiopharmaceuticals ◽

10.2174/1874471013666200928105151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Andra Piciu ◽

Alexandru Mester ◽

George Rusu ◽

Doina Piciu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Essential Role ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma ◽

Ductal Breast Carcinoma

Background: Thyroid carcinoma represents a complex pathology that can still be considered a medical challenge, despite having a better prognosis and life expectancy than most other neoplasms, also the scenario of multiple malignancies involving thyroid cancer is nowadays a common reality. Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature regarding the aggressive presentation of synchronous thyroid and breast cancer. In the current paper we are reporting the case of a 59 years-old woman, diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma, presenting a natural history of both aggressive synchronous tumors. At the moment of hospitalization, the diagnostic was breast carcinoma with multiple secondary lesions, suggestive for lung and bone metastases, and nodular goiter. Results: Searching the literature PUBMED with the terms “thyroid carcinoma and synchronous breast carcinoma we found 86 studies; introducing the term “aggressive” the result included 4 studies, among them none being relevant for aggressive and synchronous. A similar search was done in SCOPUS finding 92 documents and after introducing the term aggressive, the number of papers was 8, none being for the synchronous aggressive metastatic thyroid and breast carcinoma. The majority of imaging diagnostic tools were used in this particular medical case, in order to ensure the best potential outcome. The final diagnostic was papillary thyroid carcinoma with lung and unusual multiple bone metastases and synchronous invasive ductal breast carcinoma with subcutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The case illustrates the challenges in correct assessment of oncologic patients, despite the advances in medical imaging and technologies and underlines the essential role of nuclear medicine procedures in the diagnostic and therapy protocols.

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The Role of lncRNA in the Development of Tumors, Including Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8427

Author(s):

Beata Smolarz ◽

Anna Zadrożna-Nowak ◽

Hanna Romanowicz

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

Present Article ◽

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Long Noncoding Rnas ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Cellular Processes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the largest groups of ribonucleic acids, but, despite the increasing amount of literature data, the least understood. Given the involvement of lncRNA in basic cellular processes, especially in the regulation of transcription, the role of these noncoding molecules seems to be of great importance for the proper functioning of the organism. Studies have shown a relationship between disturbed lncRNA expression and the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The present article presents a detailed review of the latest reports and data regarding the importance of lncRNA in the development of cancers, including breast carcinoma.

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Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia–Dual-phase Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Angiogram and Role of Radiologist

Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1728970 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vikash Kumar Gupta ◽

Buthaina Mohammad Alkandari ◽

Wasif Mohammed ◽

Mohsen Ahmed Abdelmohsen ◽

Mohammad Gaber Abdullah Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Significant Risk ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Retroperitoneal Hematoma ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Prophylactic Dose ◽

Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽

Coagulation Tests ◽

Polymerase Chain

AbstractStudies available in the literature have shown alterations in blood coagulation tests in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since microvascular thrombosis is a well-known fact in COVID-19 disease, requiring therapeutic anticoagulation, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose is a part of the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, we describe three cases of abdominal spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) in hospitalized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients.

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The potential regulatory role of hsa_circ_0004104 in the persistency of atrial fibrillation by promoting cardiac fibrosis via TGF-β pathway

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-01847-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanfeng Gao ◽

Ye Liu ◽

Yuan Fu ◽

Qianhui Wang ◽

Zheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Derivation Cohort ◽

Tgf Β1

Abstract Introduction The progression of paroxysmal AF (PAF) to persistent AF (PsAF) worsens the prognosis of AF, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) were reported to be associated with cardiac fibrosis. In case of the vital role of cardiac fibrosis in AF persistency, we hypothesis that circRNAs may be potential regulators in the process of AF progression. Materials and methods 6 persistent and 6 paroxysmal AF patients were enrolled as derivation cohort. Plasma circRNAs expressions were determined by microarray and validated by RT-PCR. Fibrosis level, manifested by serum TGF-β, was determined by ELISA. Pathways and related non-coding RNAs involving in the progression of AF regulated were predicted by in silico analysis. Results PsAF patients showed a distinct circRNAs expression profile with 92 circRNAs significantly dysregulated (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05), compared with PAF patients. The validity of the expression patterns was subsequently validated by RT-PCR in another 60 AF patients (30 PsAF and PAF, respectively). In addition, all the 5 up and down regulated circRNAs were clustered in MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathway by KEGG pathway analysis. Among the 5 circRNAs, hsa_circ_0004104 was consistently downregulated in PsAF group (0.6 ± 0.33 vs 1.46 ± 0.41, p < 0.001) and predicted to target several AF and/or cardiac fibrosis related miRNAs reported by previous studies. In addition, TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in the PsAF group (5560.23 ± 1833.64 vs 2236.66 ± 914.89, p < 0.001), and hsa_circ_0004104 showed a significant negative correlation with TGF-β1 level (r = − 0.797, p < 0.001). Conclusion CircRNAs dysregulation plays vital roles in AF persistency. hsa_circ_0004104 could be a potential regulator and biomarker in AF persistency by promoting cardiac fibrosis via targeting MAPK and TGF-beta pathways.

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AT1 and AT2 Receptor Knockout Changed Osteonectin and Bone Density in Mice in Periodontal Inflammation Experimental Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5217

Author(s):

Maria Laura de Souza Lima ◽

Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros ◽

Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra ◽

Robson Santos ◽

Michael Bader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Experimental Model ◽

At2 Receptor ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Osteoblast Cells ◽

Periodontal Inflammation ◽

Bone Trabeculae

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors in a periodontal inflammation experimental model. Methods: Periodontal inflammation was induced by LPS/Porphyromonas gingivalis. Maxillae, femur, and vertebra were scanned using Micro-CT. Maxillae were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and by RT-PCR. Results: The vertebra showed decreased BMD in AT1 H compared with WT H (p < 0.05). The femur showed increased Tb.Sp for AT1 H and AT2 H, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. The Tb.N was decreased in the vertebra (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.05; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05) and in the femur (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.01; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05). AT1 PD increased linear bone loss (p < 0.05) and decreased osteoblast cells (p < 0.05). RANKL immunostaining was intense for AT1 PD and WT PD (p < 0.001). OPG was intense in the WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD when compared to AT1 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 PD showed weak immunostaining for osteocalcin compared with WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 H showed significantly stronger immunostaining for osteonectin in fibroblasts compared to AT2 H (p < 0.01). Conclusion: AT1 receptor knockout changed bone density, the quality and number of bone trabeculae, decreased the number of osteoblast cells, and increased osteonectin in fibroblasts.

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Spontaneous Abortion and Chikungunya Infection: Pathological Findings

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13040554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 554

Author(s):

Natália Salomão ◽

Michelle Brendolin ◽

Kíssila Rabelo ◽

Mayumi Wakimoto ◽

Ana Maria de Filippis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chorionic Villi ◽

Decidual Cells ◽

Hofbauer Cells ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Maternal Fetal Transmission

Intrauterine transmission of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) during early pregnancy has rarely been reported, although vertical transmission has been observed in newborns. Here, we report four cases of spontaneous abortion in women who became infected with CHIKV between the 11th and 17th weeks of pregnancy. Laboratorial confirmation of the infection was conducted by RT-PCR on a urine sample for one case, and the other three were by detection of IgM anti-CHIKV antibodies. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an electron microscopy assay allowed us to find histopathological, such as inflammatory infiltrate in the decidua and chorionic villi, as well as areas of calcification, edema and the deposition of fibrinoid material, and ultrastructural changes, such as mitochondria with fewer cristae and ruptured membranes, endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisterns, dispersed chromatin in the nuclei and the presence of an apoptotic body in case 1. In addition, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found a positivity for the anti-CHIKV antibody in cells of the endometrial glands, decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages. Electron microscopy also helped in identifying virus-like particles in the aborted material with a diameter of 40–50 nm, which was consistent with the size of CHIKV particles in the literature. Our findings in this study suggest early maternal fetal transmission, adding more evidence on the role of CHIKV in fetal death.

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