Effect of jaw-thrust and continuous positive airway pressure on tidal breathing in deeply sedated infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Hammer ◽  
Adrian Reber ◽  
Daniel Trachsel ◽  
Franz J. Frei
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Tidal Breathing

Inspiratory and expiratory muscle function during continuous positive airway pressure in dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1092-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Road ◽  
A. M. Leevers
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Initial Length ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Expiratory Muscle ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Inspiratory Activity ◽  
Expiratory Muscles

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is known to produce activation of the expiratory muscles. Several factors may determine whether this activation can assist inspiration. In this study we asked how and to what extent expiratory muscle contraction can assist inspiration during CPAP. Respiratory muscle response to CPAP was studied in eight supine anesthetized dogs. Lung volume and diaphragmatic initial length were defended by recruitment of the expiratory muscles. At the maximum CPAP of 18 cmH2O, diaphragmatic initial lengths were longer than predicted by the passive relationship by 52 and 46% in the costal and crural diaphragmatic segments, respectively. During tidal breathing after cessation of expiratory muscle activity, a component of passive inspiration occurred before the onset of inspiratory diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG). At CPAP of 18 cmH2O, passive inspiration represented 24% of the tidal volume (VT) and tidal breathing was within the relaxation characteristic. Diaphragmatic EMG decreased at CPAP of 18 cmH2O; however, VT and tidal shortening were unchanged. We identified passive and active components of inspiration. Passive inspiration was limited by the time between the cessation of expiratory activity and the onset of inspiratory activity. We conclude that increased expiratory activity during CPAP defends diaphragmatic initial length, assists inspiration, and preserves VT. Even though breathing appeared to be an expiratory act, there remained a significant component of active inspiratory diaphragmatic shortening, and the major portion of VT was produced during active inspiration.

Tidal Breathing in Preterm Infants Receiving and Weaning from Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1063.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pickerd ◽  
Edgar Mark Williams ◽  
William John Watkins ◽  
Sailesh Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Tidal Breathing

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy for the Treatment of Hypernasality: A Single Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Graham Schenck ◽  
Jamie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Studies have investigated the applications of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy in the treatment of hypernasality due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD; Cahill et al., 2004; Kuehn, 1991; Kuehn, Moon, & Folkins, 1993; Kuehn et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CPAP therapy to reduce hypernasality in a female subject, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pharyngeal flap, who presented with signs of VPD including persistent hypernasality. Improvements in mean velopharyngeal orifice size, subjective perception of hypernasality, and overall intelligibility were observed from the baseline to 8-week post-treatment assessment intervals. Additional long-term assessments completed at 2, 3, and 4 months post-treatment indicated decreases in immediate post-treatment improvements. Results from the present study suggest that CPAP is a safe, non-invasive, and relatively conservative treatment method for reduction of hypernasality in selected patients with TBI. More stringent long-term follow up may indicate the need for repeated CPAP treatment to maintain results.

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