Once-baffling success of granular resistive force theory explained

Physics Today ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Force ◽  
Resistive Force Theory

scholarly journals High-precision tracking of sperm swimming fine structure provides strong test of resistive force theory

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Friedrich ◽  
I. H. Riedel-Kruse ◽  
J. Howard ◽  
F. Julicher
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Resistive Force ◽  
Precision Tracking ◽  
Resistive Force Theory

scholarly journals Dynamics of flagellar force generated by a hyperactivated spermatozoon

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Ishijima
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Resistive Force ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Sperm Penetration ◽  
Resistive Force Theory

The flagellar force generated by a hyperactivated monkey spermatozoon was evaluated using the resistive force theory applied to the activated (nonhyperactivated) and hyperactivated flagellar waves that were obtained using high-speed video microscopy and digital image processing in order to clarify the mechanism of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. No difference in the maximum propulsive force, which was parallel to the longitudinal sperm head axis, was found between the activated and hyperactivated spermatozoa. The maximum transverse force (45 pN), which was perpendicular to the longitudinal sperm head axis, of the hyperactivated spermatozoon was ∼2.5 times its propulsive force. As the beat frequency of the flagellar beating remarkably decreased during the hyperactivation, the slowly oscillating transverse force (5 Hz) by the hyperactivated spermatozoon seems to be most effective for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida.

scholarly journals Resistive force theory and wave dynamics in swimming isolated flagellar apparatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goli Pozveh ◽  
A. J. Bae ◽  
A. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Resistive Force ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Phase Coordinates ◽  
Resistive Force Theory

AbstractCilia-driven motility and fluid transport is ubiquitous in nature and essential for many biological processes, including swimming of eukaryotic unicellular organisms, mucus transport in airway apparatus or fluid flow in brain. The-biflagellated micro-swimmer Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism to study dynamics of flagellar synchronization. Hydrodynamic interactions, intracellular mechanical coupling or cell body rocking are believed to play crucial role in synchronization of flagellar beating in green algae. Here, we use freely swimming intact flagellar apparatus isolated from wall-less strain of Chlamydomonas to investigate wave dynamics. Our analysis in phase coordinates show that, when the frequency difference between the flagella is high, neither mechanical coupling via basal body nor hydrodynamics interactions are strong enough to synchronize two flagella, indicating that beating frequency is controlled internally by the cell. We also examined the validity of resistive force theory for a flagellar apparatus swimming freely in the vicinity of a substrate and found a quantitative agreement between experimental data and simulations with drag anisotropy of ratio 2. Finally, using a simplified wave form, we investigated the influence of phase and frequency differences, intrinsic curvature and wave amplitude on the swimming trajectory of flagellar apparatus. Our analysis shows that by controlling phase or frequency differences between two flagella, steering can occur.

The effectiveness of resistive force theory in granular locomotion

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 101308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingnan Zhang ◽  
Daniel I. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Force ◽  
Resistive Force Theory
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