scholarly journals Sea-Level Science: Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level ChangesSea-Level Science: Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes, David Pugh and Philip Woodworth, Cambridge U. Press, 2014. $99.00 (407 pp.). ISBN 978-1-107-02819-7 Buy at Amazon

Physics Today ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gill
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Science Understanding

scholarly journals Holocene relative mean sea-level changes in the Wadden Sea area, northern Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Meijles ◽  
Patrick Kiden ◽  
Harm-Jan Streurman ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Peter C. Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Sea Area

scholarly journals Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Avşar ◽  
Şenol Kutoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Mean

Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystems, and beaches. Sea level changes are not geographically uniform. This study focuses on present-day sea level changes in the Black Sea using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. The multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data from January 1993 to May 2017 indicated a mean rate of sea level rise of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/year over the entire Black Sea. However, when considering the dominant cycles of the Black Sea level time series, an apparent (significant) variation was seen until 2014, and the rise in the mean sea level has been estimated at about 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year. Coastal sea level, which was assessed using the available data from 12 tide gauge stations, has generally risen (except for the Bourgas Station). For instance, from the western coast to the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Constantza, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Batumi, Trabzon, Amasra, Sile, and Igneada, the relative rise was 3.02, 1.56, 2.92, 3.52, 2.33, 3.43, 5.03, and 6.94 mm/year, respectively, for varying periods over 1922–2014. The highest and lowest rises in the mean level of the Black Sea were in Poti (7.01 mm/year) and in Varna (1.53 mm/year), respectively. Measurements from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, which are very close to the tide gauges, also suggest that there were significant vertical land movements at some tide gauge locations. This study confirmed that according to the obtained average annual phase value of sea level observations, seasonal sea level variations in the Black Sea reach their maximum annual amplitude in May–June.

Accurate measurement of mean sea level changes by altimetric satellites

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (C10) ◽  
pp. 11775 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Born ◽  
B. D. Tapley ◽  
J. C. Ries ◽  
R. H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level

scholarly journals The land-ice contribution to 21st century dynamic sea-level rise

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Howard ◽  
J. Ridley ◽  
A. K. Pardaens ◽  
R. T. W. L. Hurkmans ◽  
A. J. Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Dynamic Sea Level

Abstract. Climate change has the potential to locally influence mean sea level through a number of processes including (but not limited to) thermal expansion of the oceans and enhanced land ice melt. These lead to departures from the global mean sea level change, due to spatial variations in the change of water density and transport, which are termed dynamic sea level changes. In this study we present regional patterns of sea-level change projected by a global coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model forced by projected ice-melt fluxes from three sources: the Antarctic ice sheet, the Greenland ice sheet and small glaciers and ice caps. The largest ice melt flux we consider is equivalent to almost 0.7 m of global sea level rise over the 21st century. Since the ice melt is not constant, the evolution of the dynamic sea level changes is analysed. We find that the dynamic sea level change associated with the ice melt is small, with the largest changes, occurring in the North Atlantic, contributing of order 3 cm above the global mean rise. Furthermore, the dynamic sea level change associated with the ice melt is similar regardless of whether the simulated ice fluxes are applied to a simulation with fixed or changing atmospheric CO2.

scholarly journals Measuring Global-Mean Sea-Level Rise With Surface Drifting Buoys

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Shane Elipot ◽  
Luca Centurioni ◽  
Bruce J. Haines ◽  
Rick Lumpkin ◽  
Josh K. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Drifting Buoys

Abstract We propose to establish a new ocean observing system for monitoring global and regional mean sea-level changes. This system will consist of a global array of thousands of water-following drifting buoys tracked by a global navigation satellite system—such as the Global Positioning System (GPS)—which will continuously provide the geographical positions and the height of the sea surface along the buoys' trajectories. The sea-level height data collected in this way, averaged over regional basins and the global ocean, will provide daily measures of regional and global mean sea levels. An essential climate variable, mean sea level is an intrinsic measure of climate change, integrating the thermal expansion of the ocean's waters and additions to the ocean's mass from melting terrestrial ice. The realization of this new system requires that standardized vertical position measurements with controlled accuracy be acquired and regularly transmitted from relatively small and expendable drifting buoys, which constitutes a technological challenge, yet one with a clear path for being met. The development and implementation of this ocean shot concept will ultimately provide an independent, resilient, sustainable, and economical observational system to quantify natural and anthropogenic sea-level changes, augmenting the existing satellites and tide gauge observing systems.

How uncertain is the hydrological contribution to global sea level based on hydrological modelling compared to observational data?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mielke ◽  
Olga Engels ◽  
Bernd Uebbing ◽  
Helena Gerdener ◽  
Lara Börger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Global Sea Level

<p>Quantifying individual contributors to global and regional mean sea level along with corresponding uncertainties is crucial for future projections. However, the contribution of terrestrial hydrology seems to be the least known, but is particularly important, since in addition to the climate-driven changes human activities (such as groundwater pumping, irrigation, deforestation) have a large impact on global sea level changes. Under the common assumption that atmospheric water storage change is negligible, (total) terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) represents a proxy for the hydrologic contribution. Generally, TWSA can be derived using models, observations or a combination of both. Each of the methods has its pros and cons.</p><p>In this study, we estimate the contribution of terrestrial hydrological cycle changes to global mean sea level along with corresponding uncertainties for 2003 - 2016 based on land TWSA time series derived (i) from WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model WGHM that also simulates anthropogenic effects and provides a partitioning of TWSA into global river discharge and evapotranspiration minus precipitation, (ii) satellite gravimetry data from GRACE, and (iii) from a joint inversion using GRACE and altimetry data. To realistically describe uncertainties in forcing data, model parameters, initial water states, and errors in the model structure, an ensemble of 30 runs is generated and analyzed. Because of well-known large inter-annual and decadal hydrological variations, we estimate time-varying trends using a Kalman filter framework in addition to the usually estimated linear trends. This approach provides more reliable trend and corresponding uncertainty estimates. Moreover, it naturally enables detecting any changes in rates, which is acceleration.</p>

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